The early 5th c. Syriac Martyrology commemorates on 16 February the martyrdom in Caesarea of Palestine of 'Pamphios and Pamphilos' (probably the same martyr, *Pamphilos martyr of Caesarea, S00140), and eleven companion martyrs (here unnamed) in the city of Caesarea of Palestine. Preserved in a manuscript written in Edessa (northern Mesopotamia) in 411.
Evidence ID
E01435
Type of Evidence
Liturgical texts - Calendars and martyrologies
Major author/Major anonymous work
Syriac Martyrology of 411
Syriac Martyrology of 411
ܘܒܐܫܬܥܣܪܐ ܒܩܣܪܝܐ ܕܦܠܣܛܝܢܐ ܦܢܦܝ ܘܦܡܦܝܠܘܤ ܩܫܝܫܐ ܘܐܚܖ̈ܢܐ ܡܘ̈ܕܝܢܐ ܚܕܥܣܪ.
'And on the sixteenth (day) – at Caesarea in Palestine, Pamphios, and Pamphilos the presbyter, and eleven other martyrs.'
Text: Nau 1912, 13.
Translation: Sergey Minov.
Festivals
Saint’s feast
Source
The Syriac Martyrology of the year 411 is the earliest liturgical calendar preserved in Syriac. It appears in the manuscript BL Add. 12150. The manuscript's colophon relates that it was produced in the city of Edessa in the year 411. Composed during the last decades of the fourth or the first decade of the fifth century, the Martyrology is divided into two sections, a longer section devoted to the Christian martyrs of the Roman empire, and a shorter one, devoted to Christians executed in the Sasanian empire. The section on the Roman empire is derived from a lost Greek martyrology. For more information, see E00465.Syriac text: Wright 1865-1866; Nau 1912, pp. 11-26; Brock and van Rompay 2014, pp. 389-392; English translation: Wright 1865-1866, pp. 423-432; French translation: Nau 1912, pp. 11-26; German translation: Lietzmann 1903, pp. 9-16; Latin translation: Mariani 1956. For general information, see Taylor 2012, pp. 80-81; Schäferdiek 2005.
Discussion
The Martyrology provides one of the earliest testimonies for the liturgical commemoration of Pamphios, Pamphilos and other Palestinian martyrs among Syriac-speaking Christians.The identity of the first martyr, whose name in Syriac is 'Panfī,' is uncertain. In our choice of 'Pamphios,' we follow the conjecture made by Wright 1865, p. 424. The name is most likely a duplication of the name Pamphilos, whose martyrdom in Caesarea with eleven companions is recorded in Eusebius' Martyrs of Palestine (E00391).
Bibliography
Main editions and translations:Brock, S.P., and van Rompay, L., Catalogue of the Syriac Manuscripts and Fragments in the Library of Deir al-Surian, Wadi al-Natrun (Egypt) (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 227; Leuven: Peeters, 2014).
Lietzmann, H., Die drei ältesten Martyrologien (Kleine Texte für Theologische Vorlesungen und Übungen 2; Bonn: A. Marcus und E. Weber, 1903).
Mariani, B., Breviarium syriacum seu martyrologium syriacum saec. IV (Rerum ecclesiasticarum documenta, Series minor: Subsidia studiorum 3; Roma: Herder, 1956).
Nau, F., Martyrologes et ménologes orientaux, I–XIII. Un martyrologie et douze ménologes syriaques édités et traduits (Patrologia Orientalis 10.1 [46]; Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1912).
Wright, W., “An Ancient Syriac Martyrology,” Journal of Sacred Literature and Biblical Record NS VIII, 15 (1865), 45-56; 16 (1866), 423-432.
Further reading:
Schäferdiek, K., “Bemerkungen zum Martyrologium Syriacum,” Analecta Bollandiana 123:1 (2005), 5-22.
Taylor, D.G.K., “Hagiographie et liturgie syriaque,” in: A. Binggeli (ed.), L’hagiographie syriaque (Études syriaques 9; Paris: Paul Geuthner, 2012), 77-112.
Record Created By
Sergey Minov
Date of Entry
25/05/2016
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00140 | Pamphilos, martyr of Caesarea | ܦܡܦܝܠܘܤ | Certain |
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