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The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity


from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world


The Life of *Melania the Younger (aristocratic ascetic in Jerusalem, ob. 439, S01134), by Gerontius, a monk at her monastery, recounts how she kept vigils for the feast of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and then visited his martyrion, in c. 405. Written in Greek or Latin, probably in Jerusalem, c. 450.

Evidence ID

E01997

Type of Evidence

Literary - Hagiographical - Lives of saint

Gerontius, Life of Melania the Younger 5

Gerontius recounts the birth of Melania's second child:

Ὅτε δέ λοιπὸν αἱ εὐχαὶ τῆς ἁγίας συνήργησαν καὶ γέγονεν πρὸς τὸ τίκτειν τὸ δεύτερον παιδίον, ἔφθασεν ἡ μνήμη τοῦ ἁγίου Λαυρεντίου · καὶ μηδὲ ὅλως ἑαυτὴν ἀναπαύσασα, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν τὴν νύκτα ἐν ἀγρυπνία καὶ γυνυκλισίας καταναλώσασα ἐν τῷ ἑατῆς εὐκτηρίῳ τῇ ἐπαύριον μετὰ τῆς ἰδίας μητρὸς καὶ ἀπελθοῦσα ἐν τῷ μαρτυρίῳ μετὰ πολλῶν δακρύων τῷ Θεῷ προσηύξατο, ὅπως ἐλευθερωθεῖσα τοῦ κόσμου ἐν τῷ μονήρει βίῳ τὸν ἐπίλοιπον τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῆς χρόνον διατελέση · τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπεπόθησεν. Καὶ ἐπανελθοῦσα ἐκ τοῦ μαρτυρίου σφοδρῶς ἐδυστόκησεν καὶ τικτεται ἄωρον τὸ παιδίον · ἄρσεν δὲ ἧν καὶ βαπτισθὲν ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς τὸν Κύριον.

'Later on, when the prayers of the saint had taken effect and she was about to give birth to her second child, the feast of Saint Lawrence arrived. Without taking any rest and having spent the whole night kneeling in her chapel, keeping vigil, at dawn the next day she rose early and went with her mother to the church of the martyr. With many tears she prayed to God that she might be freed from the world and spend the rest of her days in the solitary life, for this is what she had yearned for from the beginning. And when she returned from the martyr's shrine, she commenced a difficult labor and gave birth prematurely to a child. It was a boy, and after he was baptized, he departed for the Lord.'

In the Latin version of the text, the author extends the story of her vigil. He tells that her father opposed her excessive piety and sent his eunuchs to make sure that she was resting in her room. Melania, who had spent the whole night in prayer, bribed them to report that this was so.


Text: Gorce 1962, pp. 134, 136.
Translation: Clark 1984, p. 29.

Festivals

Saint’s feast

Cult Places

Cult building - independent (church)

Non Liturgical Activity

Vigils

Protagonists in Cult and Narratives

Women

Source

The Life of Melania the Younger was composed in the middle of the 5th century, shortly after Melania’s death (439 AD). It is extant in Latin and Greek versions. There are some small differences between these texts, but, in relation to the cult of saints, nothing of great significance. Both texts contain 70 chapters. Scholars discuss the question of the Life’s original language. It is currently thought that neither of the preserved versions is original, but that the Greek Life is closer to the archetype.

The author of the
Life of Melania was Gerontius, a monk and a superior in her monastery on the Mount of Olives after her death. Gerontius presents his protagonist as an extraordinarily generous benefactor of the church, as a perfect (but not excessive) ascetic, and as a humane founder and superior of monasteries, while in no way playing down the high status of his subject and the contacts that this gave her. Although Melania effects a few cures (in chapters 59-61), and is described as being received into heaven at her death, the miraculous plays very little part in the text and there is no account of posthumous miracles at her grave.


Discussion

This occurs in Rome some time before Melania and her devout husband, Pinianus, left the city for Africa in 410.

It is not clear from this account which shrine of Laurence Melania visited. The most likely is his principal shrine (the extramural San Lorenzo fuori le mura), where his body lay, but it is also possible that it was the intramural church built by Bishop Damasus, now San Lorenzo in Damaso.


Bibliography

Edition, French translations and commentary:
Vie de Sainte Mélanie, ed. and trans. D. Gorce, Sources Chrétiennes 90, Paris 1962. (Greek text)

La vie latine de Sainte Mélanie, ed. and trans. P. Laurence, Jerusalem 2002.

English translations:
The Life of Melania the Younger, trans. E. Clark, New York 1984. With commentary.

Lives of Roman Christian Women, trans. C. White, Penguin Classics 2010, pp. 182-230.


Record Created By

Katarzyna Wojtalik

Date of Entry

11/11/2016

Related Saint Records
IDNameName in SourceIdentity
S00037Laurence/Laurentius, deacon and martyr of RomeCertain
S01134Melania the Younger, aristocratic ascetic in Jerusalem, ob. 439Certain


Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Katarzyna Wojtalik, Cult of Saints, E01997 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01997