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The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity


from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world


Coptic fragments of the Martyrdom of bishop Apa *Psote (S01468) at Antinoopolis, relating his ascetic life and the care for his congregation; written most likely in the 6th/7th century.

Evidence ID

E03568

Type of Evidence

Literary - Hagiographical - Accounts of martyrdom

Literary - Hagiographical - Lives of saint

Bishop Psote (Psate in other fragments) leaves his congregation, when all the bishops in the Thebais are summoned to appear at Antinoopolis in front of the governor Arianos. The governor asks him to sacrifice according to the imperial edict, which the bishop refuses to do. Consequently, he is tortured and dies as a martyr.

Bishop Apa Psote is described as following a strict ascetic life style and acting like a physician to those who receive communion from him.

Till, KHML I, p. 207, lines 19–30:

ϩⲛ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲩϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛϣⲟⲉⲓϫ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲯⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϩ[ⲉ ⲉⲣ]ⲟϥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉ[ϥⲥⲱ]ⲙⲁ ϣⲱⲛ[ⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲙ]
ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ[ⲛⲉϥⲁ]ⲥⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ[ⲛ ⲛ]ⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲓⲁ · ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲣ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ · ϩⲓⲧⲛ ⲧⲉⲓⲁⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲇⲓⲱⲕⲉⲓ
ⲛⲥⲱϥ · ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲉϥⲑⲉⲣⲁⲡⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲗⲩⲅⲏ · ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲯⲟⲧⲉ ⲑⲉⲣⲁⲡⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲛⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟϣ
ϩⲙ ⲡⲛⲁⲣⲇⲓⲝ ⲉⲧⲙⲉϩ ⲙⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ ⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ · ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲙⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ ⲛϥⲣⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲛⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ ⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲏⲅⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲱⲅⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲓϫⲛ ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ·

‘In those days, they were looking for the great athlete Apa Psote, the bishop. They found him, his body weak through his excessive asceticism and his way of life. They told him that he was an important person. For this reason then, the governor (
hegemon) had not summoned him. Now just as a physician who treats the wound, the blessed Apa Psote was treating those of his city and his district through the casket (νάρθηξ) filled with vital medicine. He would gather them on the night of the Sabbath and would spend the night to Sunday teaching them, and he would gather them at night because of the persecution that had come over the churches.’

Text: W. C. Till, KHML I, 205–209
. Summary and translation G. Schenke.

Non Liturgical Activity

Composing and translating saint-related texts
Transmission, copying and reading saint-related texts

Protagonists in Cult and Narratives

Ecclesiastics - bishops

Source

Sixteen pages of at least two parchment codices are known to preserve the life and martyrdom of bishop Apa Psote. The leaves are located in London (BM 347, Clar. Press 55), Naples/Rome (Z 140/Borg. Copt. 109, fasc. 140), Paris (P 12916, fol. 23,24, 26, and 27) and Vienna (K 9502). Layout and script point to the 9th–11th century as the date for the production of these manuscripts.


Discussion

See also E05399, E05400, and E05401.


Bibliography

Text and German translation:
Till, W.C., Koptische Heiligen- und Martyrlegenden. Vol. 1 (Rome: Pont. institutum orientalium studiorum, 1935), 205–209.


Record Created By

Gesa Schenke

Date of Entry

15/8/2017

Related Saint Records
IDNameName in SourceIdentity
S01468Psote, Apa Psote, bishop of Psoi/Ptolemais (Upper Egypt) and martyr under Diocletianⲁⲡⲁ ⲯⲟⲧⲉ Certain


Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Gesa Schenke, Cult of Saints, E03568 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03568