The Miracles of *Artemios (2) recount how *Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed a 45-year-old man from a disease of the testicles; appearing to him in a dream, in the guise of a physician, he cured him by squeezing his testicles. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E07812
Literary - Hagiographical - Collections of miracles
Miracles of Artemios (BHG 173), 2
Ἐν τῷ Κόλπῳ τις τὰς οἰκήσεις ποιούμενος, ὡς ἐτῶν ὑπάρχων τεσσαράκοντα πέντε, ἐσχάτως ἤλγει τοὺς πόδας, ὡς μήτε κοιμηθῆναι δύνασθαι ἐκ τῆς ὀδύνης. οὗτος προσεπέλασε τῷ ἁγίῳ μάρτυρι. ἔτυχεν οὖν αὐτόν, οἷα φιλεῖ γίνεσθαι τὰ πρὸς τὸν ὄρθρον, ὑπνῶσαι· καθ’ ὃν ὕπνον ὁρᾷ συγκοιμᾶσθαι τῇ ἰδίᾳ γυναικί. εἶτα κατανοήσας ἑαυτὸν τρεῖς διδύμους ἔχειν ἐξωγκωμένους, φησὶν πρὸς αὐτὴν ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ὀνείρῳ· “Οἴμοι, γύναι, πρὸς οὓς ὀδυνῶμαι διδύμους οὐχ ὑγίανα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλος μοι προσετέθη, καὶ αὐτὸς ἀσθενής, ὡς ἔχειν με ἄρτι τρεῖς κήλας”. ἀποροῦντος οὖν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀδημονοῦντος ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ, φαίνεται αὐτῷ ὁ ἅγιος ἐν σχήματι ἰατροῦ, καί φησιν πρὸς αὐτόν· “Τί ἐστιν ὃ λέγεις ἔχειν,
ἀδελφέ”; ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶπεν· “Οὐκ ἀρκεῖ μοι τῷ ἀθλίῳ, ὅτι οὓς ἀσθενῶ διδύμους, οὐχ ὑγίανα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τρίτος μοι προσετέθη, καὶ νῦν τρεῖς ἔχω κήλας”. ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶπεν· “Γύμνωσον σεαυτόν, ὅπως ἴδω σε, ἀδελφέ”. καὶ ποιήσαντος τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ προσταχθέν, κρατήσας αὐτοῦ τοὺς διδύμους ἔσφιγξεν, ὡς ὀδυνηθέντα κράζειν ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ ἐπὶ ὥρας ἱκανὰς τὸ “Κύριε ἐλέησον”, τούς τε πρὸς τὸ ἰαθῆναι προσκαρτεροῦντας ἐκ τῆς κραυγῆς διυπνισθῆναι καὶ προσελθόντας ἐξαναστῆσαι αὐτόν, ἐρωτῶντας· “Τί ἔχεις καὶ κράζεις, καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷς ἡμᾶς ἀναπαύεσθαι”; ὁ δὲ διυπνί- σας, ὡς ἦν εὐθὺς ἐν συνοχῇ τοῦ ἀγῶνος, ψηλαφήσας ἑαυτὸν ηὗρεν ὑγιῆ, καὶ δοξάσας τὸν θεὸν διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς τὴν ὀπτασίαν καὶ τὴν τοῦ μάρτυρος θαυματουργίαν.
'A certain man, about 45 years old, who lived on the Gulf, was suffering so severely with foot pain that he could not even fall asleep. This one approached the holy martyr. Now it chanced that he fell asleep, as customarily happens towards daybreak. In his sleep he saw himself lying with his wife. Then he realized that he had three swollen testicles and said to her in the dream: "Alas, wife, as for my testicles in which I feel pain, I am not healed but another was added for me besides and it is diseased so that now I have three hernias." So while he was at a loss and sorely troubled in his sleep, the saint appeared to him in the guise of the physician and said to him: "What is it, brother, that you say you have?" He replied: "[As if] it were not enough for wretched me that I was not healed in my testicles where I am diseased, but still a third testicle was added and now I have three hernias." Artemios replied to him: "Undress yourself that I may see you, brother." And after the man did what was ordered, Artemios took hold of his testicles and squeezed them so that the man screamed out in pain in his sleep for a good time "Lord, have mercy!" and those waiting to be cured were awakened by the shouting and approaching him roused him, asking: "What's the matter, why are you shouting and not letting us get our rest?" Awakening and touching himself, since he was still in the throes of pain, he found himself healthy; and glorifying God he related to them the vision and the miracle of the martyr.'
Text: Papadopoulos-Kerameus 1909.
Translation: Crisafulli and Nesbitt 1997.
Cult building - independent (church)
Non Liturgical ActivitySaint as patron - of a community
Incubation
Visiting graves and shrines
MiraclesMiracle after death
Specialised miracle-working
Healing diseases and disabilities
Apparition, vision, dream, revelation
Source
The Miracles of Artemios is a collection of 45 miracle-stories, effected by the saint at and around his burial and cult site in the church of St. John the Baptist in the Oxeia quarter of Constantinople. Artemios was an Alexandrian dux and martyr of the reign of Julian, who has an independent Martyrdom (E06781). The Miracles does not include this passio, although the stories on occasion show some acquaintance with it. Nothing is known of the cult before the period described in the Miracles.The Miracles’ vignettes stretch from (at least) the reign of Maurice (582-602) to that of Constans II (641-668). The current text was compiled in the period 658-668: the terminus post quem is provided by the last datable event mentioned within the text (Mir. 41: 4 October 658) and the terminus ante quem by the fact that Constans is there described as still alive (as he is too in Mir. 23).
The text is not, however, the product of a single pen, but seems instead to be a compilation of several parts. Those narratives at the beginning and end of the collection (Mir. 1-14, 42-45) are short, somewhat unembellished, healing narratives of a more-or-less standardised kind; while those of the central section are far more elaborate and varied, and seem to fall into rough thematic doublets or groups. One such group is conspicuous because all of its miracles (24-31) conclude with some sermonettes on secular medicine. The most obvious explanation for this basic dissonance is that the collection as we have it has been composed from at least three different parts: first, an earlier, more simple collection which opens the text; second, an original composition in the central section (where the addition of the sermonettes to some miracles perhaps indicates the exploitation of another, pre-existent collection of miracles); and third, a final addition of the four concluding miracles.
Besides pre-existent collections of written material preserved within the shrine itself, the text also draws, no doubt, on the oral traditions then circulating amongst the shrine’s clientele. The text itself describes in vivid terms the community of clerics and lay devotees who gathered around the shrine, in particular for its weekend vigil, and several such persons are the protagonists of individual miracles. One such person is an anonymous devotee of the saint’s vigil who features in two long and detailed miracles (Mir. 18, 22); another is George, a cleric and devotee of Artemios, who features as protagonist in three different miracles (Mir. 38-40). It seems clear, then, that the compiler draws from the oral accounts, or perhaps even written records, which the saint’s clerics and devotees produced, and which provide these central miracles with their vivid detail and insight. Indeed, although the compiler of the collection is anonymous, it is reasonable to suppose that he is also a lay devotee of the saint, and perhaps even one of those persons who feature prominently in the text.
Through descriptions of this vigil, and other scattered details, we are offered an unparalleled perspective both on the layout of the church of St. John—which can be reconstructed in some detail—and on the practices of Artemios’s devotees. The saint’s cult was an incubatory healing cult, in which the sick came to the shrine and slept overnight, in the hope of a miraculous cure. The collection underlines the importance of performing ‘the customary rites’ in advance of a cure, which seems to mean the dedication of a votive lamp and other offerings. The weekly vigil is also presented as especially efficacious, for on this night it was possible to sleep in and around the crypt where the tomb which contained the saint’s relics was sited (see e.g. Mir. 17).
Almost all of the cures occur within the church of St John itself, or else upon those who have spent some time there and then withdrawn. The principal mode of healing is a miraculous dream, sometimes in combination with the application of holy oil taken from the tomb’s lamps, or a wax-salve imprinted with the image of the saint. Almost all of the miracles concern healing, but also of a particular kind. For Artemios was a specialist in diseases of the male genitals and groin, which dominate the entire collection. Sick women at the shrine could expect a vision of the martyr *Phebronia, who appears in several places as Artemios’ female equivalent (Mir. 6, 23, 24, 38, 45).
In contrast to equivalent collections, Artemios does not collaborate with secular doctors, or depend on quasi-Hippocratic cures. Indeed, one of the most striking features of the text is the series of sermonettes which punctuate the central miracles and denounce in virulent terms the inadequacies of contemporaneous Hippocratic medicine (Mir. 24-31).
The text was compiled at a moment of high drama for the eastern Roman Empire, in which its territorial holdings, and revenues, had been dramatically reduced through the Arab conquests. This context is however strikingly absent from the collection, which instead paints a picture of vivid and thriving urban life, in particular amongst the capital’s middle classes, who make up the vast majority of the saint’s devotees. Nevertheless, it has been suggested the text offers a powerful political metaphor related to the perceived disease of the body politic: that the cure for all ailments, whether derived from sin or from natural causes, is not to turn to other men, but rather to propitiate and to trust in God.
Discussion
This healing miracle, a short and to some extent standarised account, belongs to the first of the several sections that make up the collection of Artemios' miracles (Mir. 1-14; see above, Source).It is obscure why the text appears to mention pain in the feet in its first sentence, whereas in his dream the sufferer says to the saint that he has diseased testicles. The text might have undergone corruption, such as a conflation of two stories, one involving a person with foot-pain and another with swollen testicles (Crisafulli and Nesbitt 1997: 231).
Bibliography
Text:Papadopoulos-Kerameus, A., Miracula xlv sancti Artemii, in idem, Varia graeca sacra [Subsidia Byzantina 6] (St. Petersburg: Kirschbaum, 1909): 1-75.
Translation:
Crisafulli, V.S., and J.W. Nesbitt, The Miracles of St. Artemios. A Collection of Miracle Stories by an Anonymous Author of Seventh Century Byzantium (Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, 1997).
Further reading:
Alwis, A., “Men in Pain: Masculinity, Medicine and the Miracles of St. Artemios,” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 36. (2012), 1–19.
Busine, A.,“The Dux and the Nun. Hagiography and the Cult of Artemios and Febronia in Constantinople,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 72 (2018), 93–111.
Déroche, V., "Pourquoi écrivait-on des recueils de miracles? L’exemple des miracles de saint Artémios," in C. Jolivet-Lévy, M. Kaplan, J.-P. Sodini, (eds), Les saints et leur sanctuaire à Byzance: textes, images, monuments (Paris, 1993), 95-116.
Deubner, L., De incubatione capita quattuor scripsit Ludovicus Deubner. Accedit Laudatio in miracula Sancti Hieromartyris Therapontis e codice Messanensi denuo edita. (Lipsiae: Teubner, 1900).
Efthymiadis, S., "A Day and Ten Months in the Life of a Lonely Bachelor: The Other Byzantium in Miracula S. Artemii 18 and 22," Dumbarton Oaks Papers 58 (2004), 1-26.
Grosdidier de Matons, J., “Les Miracula Sancti Artemii: Note sur quelques questions de vocabulaire,” in E. Lucchesi and H.D. Saffrey (eds), Mémorial André-Jean Festugière: Antiquité, Paienne et Chrétienne (Geneva: Cramer, 1984), 263-266.
Haldon, J., “Supplementary Essay: The Miracles of Artemios and Contemporary Attitudes: Context and Significance,” in Crisafulli and Nesbitt, Miracles of Artemios 33-75.
Kaplan, M., “Une hôtesse importante de l’église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de l’Oxeia à Constantinople : Fébronie,” in D. Sullivan, E.A. Fisher, S. Papaioannou (eds), Byzantine Religious Culture: Studies in Honor of Alice-Mary Talbot (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 31–52.
Krueger, D., Writing and Holiness: The Practice of Authorship in the Early Christian East (Phildelphia, PA, 2004), 63-70.
Mango, C., “History of the Templon and the Martyrion of St. Artemios at Constantinople,” Zograf 10 (1979), 40–43.
Rydén, L. “Gaza, Emesa and Constantinople: Late Ancient Cities in the Light of Historiography”, in L. Rydén, J.O. Rosenqvist (eds), Aspects of Late Antiquity and Early Byzantium (Uppsala: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, 1993).
Rydén, L., “Kyrkan som sjukhus: om den helige Artemios' mirakler,” Religion och Bibel 44 (1987), 3-16.
Simon, J., “Note sur l’original de la passion de Sainte Fébronie,” Analecta Bollandiana 42 (1924), 69–76.
Philip Booth, Julia Doroszewska
21/01/2020
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S01128 | Artemios, martyr of Antioch under the emperor Julian | Ἀρτέμιος | Certain |
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