The short Life of Pelagius I, bishop of Rome 556-561, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably during the 6th c., mentions a supplicatory procession with hymns (a 'litany'/ laetania), led by Pelagius, from the church of *Pancratius (martyr of Rome, S00307) to the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) [at the Vatican], as well as the beginning of the construction of the basilica of the Apostles *Philip (S00109) and *James (the son of Alphaeus, S01801), and Pelagius' burial at St. Peter's; all in and around Rome.
Evidence ID
E01380
Type of Evidence
Literary - Other narrative texts (including Histories)
Major author/Major anonymous work
Liber Pontificalis
Liber Pontificalis 62
Eodem tempore Narsis et Pelagius papa consilio inito, data laetania ad sanctum Pancratium cum ymnis et canticis spiritalibus venerunt ad sanctum Petrum apostolum.
'Then Narses and pope Pelagius adopted a plan: when the litany had been given out from saint Pancratius they processed with hymns and spiritual chants to St Peter’s.'
...
Eodem tempore initiata est basilica apostolorum Philippi et Iacobi; qui dum initiaretur fabricari, mortuus est et sepultus est in basilica beati Petri apostoli.
'Then was begun the basilica of the apostles Philip and James; when the building of it was starting, he [Pelagius] died and was buried at the basilica of the blessed Peter the apostle.'
Text: Duchesne 1886, 303.
Translation: Davis 2010, 58, lightly modified.
Liturgical ActivitiesProcession
Cult PlacesConstruction of cult buildings
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesEcclesiastics - bishops
Procession
Chant and religious singing
Cult PlacesCult building - independent (church)
Non Liturgical ActivityConstruction of cult buildings
Burial ad sanctos
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesEcclesiastics - bishops
Officials
Source
The Liber Pontificalis consists of a series of very short lives of popes. The preface attributes it to pope Damasus (366-384), but this attribution is obviously false. According to Louis Duchesne, the first modern editor of the Liber Pontificalis, the original series of lives was written in Rome by an anonymous author, probably a member of the lesser clergy, in the 530s, and contained the lives from *Peter the Apostle to Felix IV (ob. 530). Shortly after, before 546, the text was re-edited by another anonymous author and only this edition survives. The first edition, however, can be reconstituted on the basis of its two epitomes (and the second edition). The second edition started to be continued systematically from the time of pope Honorius (625–638). It should be noted that Theodor Mommsen dated both editions of the Liber Pontificalis to the 7th century, but his opinion is widely rejected and the commonly accepted dating is that of Duchesne.For the pre-Constantinian period (before 312), the credibility of the Liber Pontificalis is very low. The chronology is confused, and details concerning the personal lives, decisions and ordinations of the bishops of Rome at best reflect what people in the 6th century trusted to be true, at worst are a pure invention of the author. The situation changes with the later lives. Already the information of 4th-century papal foundations and offerings are generally trustworthy. The early 6th-century evidence, based on the author's first hand knowledge is even better, though still imperfect.
Discussion
The basilica of Pancratius, outside the porta Aurelia, was built by pope Symmachus (see E01350). For supplicatory processions (laetaniae) in Rome, see also, from the time of Gregory the Great, E06446, E02397 and E06449.The basilica of the Apostles Philip and James ('the Lesser', the son of Alphaeus) is today's church of Santi Apostoli, at the foot of the Quirinal hill. It was completed by Pelagius' successor, John III (E01383). Both popes were commemorated by an inscription, lost during the reconstruction of the church in the late 15th century.
Bibliography
Edition:Duchesne, L., Le Liber pontificalis. 2 vols (Paris: E. Thorin, 1886-1892) (with substantial introduction and commentary).
Translation:
Davis, R., The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis) (Translated Texts for Historians 6; 3rd ed.; Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010).
Further reading:
Krautheimer, R., Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The early Christian Basilicas of Rome (IV–IX Centuries), Vatican City 1937–1977
Brandenburg, H., Ancient churches of Rome from the fourth to the seventh century: the dawn of Christian architecture in the West, Turnhout 2005.
Record Created By
Robert Wiśniewski
Date of Entry
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00036 | Peter, the Apostle | Petrus | Certain | S00109 | Philip, the Apostle | Philippus | Certain | S00307 | Pancratius, martyr of Rome | Pancratius | Certain | S01801 | James, the Apostle, son of Alphaeus | Iacobus | Certain |
|---|
Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Robert Wiśniewski, Cult of Saints, E01380 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01380