Record | The Cult of Saints

Name

Peter, the Apostle

Saint ID

S00036

Number in BH

BHG 1483-1501, BHL 6644-6688

Reported Death Not Before

54

Reported Death Not After

69

Gender

Male

Type of Saint

Twelve Apostles and Paul, Miracle-workers in lifetime, Martyrs, Bishops

Related Evidence Records

ID	Title
E00044	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), tells how he was crucified on the Vatican Hill outside Rome on 29 June and buried close by.
E00099	Optatus, bishop of Milevis (Numidia, central North Africa), in his polemical treatise Against Parmenianus, calls Rome the see of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and doubts if Macrobius, a Donatist bishop of Rome, probably his contemporary, ever had any association with the graves (memoriae) of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00008) in Rome, or even approached them. Written in Latin, probably in Milevis, 364/c. 384.
E00118	Eusebius of Caesarea, in his Ecclesiastical History (2.25.5-7), quotes a letter from Gaius of Rome (late 2nd c.) to the Montanist leader Proklos, which mentions the tombs in Rome of the Apostles Peter (00036) in the Vatican and Paul (S00008) on the Via Ostiensis. Quoted in Greek in Palestine in 311/325.
E00160	Greek private letter, from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt) concerned with greetings and the transport of goods, providing a list of five saints to be invoked on the sender’s behalf: John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and *Ioulianos (probably the , martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt S00305), datable to the 4th/5th c.
E00164	Greek Calendar of Church Services to be performed at different churches in Oxyrhynchus (Middle Egypt) from the end of October to the end of March of the years 535–536, providing information on the names of many churches, and on the saints’ days celebrated in the city.
E00173	Eusebius of Caesarea, in his Ecclesiastical History, gathers information about *James ('brother of the Lord', S00058) whom he presents as the first bishop of Jerusalem, ascetic and martyr. Written in Greek in Palestine in 311/325, quoting the 2nd century Christian authors Clement of Alexandria and Hegesippus.
E00257	Sulpicius Severus, in his Dialogues (2.13) on Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), recounts how Martin often conversed with a number of major saints in heaven: Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and also how he knew demons by name. Written in Latin in Primuliacum (south-west Gaul), c. 404-406.
E00281	Eusebius of Caesarea, in his Ecclesiastical History (7.18), reports that, in his day, a statue of Jesus curing the Bleeding Woman existed in Caesarea Philippi, and miraculous cures were obtained from a plant growing on it. He also claims that pagans venerated painted images of Jesus and the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) as protectors. Written in Greek in Palestine, 311/325.
E00326	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Victor (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00144), states that he died a martyr and was buried in Rome close to the body of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 28 July [AD 197].
E00345	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Cornelius (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00172), tells how, at the request of a certain Lucina, he removed at night the bodies of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008) from the 'Catacumbas' cemetery on the via Appia outside Rome; how Lucina reburied Paul on her estate on the via Ostiensis, near where he had been beheaded; and how Cornelius reburied Peter on the Vatican hill, near where he had been crucified, amongst the bodies of the holy bishops of Rome, on 29 June [AD 251/253].
E00367	Gregory of Tours writes the Glory of the Martyrs (Liber in Gloria Martyrum), in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594. Overview entry.
E00401	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, recounts the founding and endowment of the basilica of St *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) outside Rome, by the emperor Constantine (312-337).
E00402	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, recounts the founding and endowment of the basilica of *Paul (the Apostle, S00008) outside Rome by the emperor Constantine (312-337).
E00406	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, recounts the founding and endowment of a basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and *John the Baptist (S00020) in Ostia, close to Rome, by the emperor Constantine (312-337).
E00416	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to the house of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Capharnaum (Palestine), now a church. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00459	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to the basilica of Holy Sion (Jerusalem), formerly the house of James (almost certainly the 'brother of the Lord', S00058), in which he saw relics of the Passion, stones with which Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) was stoned, the stone into which the cross of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) was set, the chalice of the Apostles (S00084), and the elaborately encased skull of the martyr *Theodota (possibly Theodote, martyr of Nicaea, S00257), from which he drank. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00493	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (27), tells of the imprints of the knees of Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) in Rome; water collected in these has healing power. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00494	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (27), describes the church and tomb of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at the Vatican in Rome, and the cult practices that take place there: in particular how supplicants lower pieces of cloth down to the grave, and also take from the shrine golden keys which have the power of healing. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00518	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (33), tells of a woman, who in 577/585 experienced while fully awake a vision of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), accompanied by other saints, in the crypt of a church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Bordeaux (south-west Gaul), where relics of unspecified saints were housed; Stephen, who had just rescued a ship at sea, dripped sea water on the floor; absorbed by the woman into a cloth, this acted as a powerful relic and was used by the bishop of Bordeaux in the consecration of churches. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00527	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to Ioppe (Jaffa, Palestine), where there was the grave of *Tabitha (the pious woman raised from the dead by Peter in Acts, S00300). Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00551	Greek epigram, probably from a dedicatory inscription in the church, recording the dedication of a church to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) by Justinian (later to become emperor) in the quarter of Hormisdas in Constantinople, c. 519. Recorded in the 10th c. Greek Anthology.
E00615	Letter of 519, from papal legates in Constantinople to Pope Hormisdas in Rome (Collectio Avellana 218), reporting that Justinian (the future emperor; nephew of the emperor Justin I) sought relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) for his basilica of Peter and Paul in Constantinople. Having been told this request was against the custom of Rome, he requests contact relics (sanctuaria) of Peter and Paul, and pieces from their chains and from the grate on which Laurence was martyred. Written in Latin.
E00616	Letter of 519 from Justinian (the future emperor; nephew of the emperor Justin I) to Pope Hormisdas (Collectio Avellana 187), requesting relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) from Rome for his basilica of the same saints in Constantinople. He donates two silk cloths for their altar in Rome. Written in Latin in Constantinople.
E00617	Letter of 519 from Pope Hormisdas to Justinian (the future emperor; nephew of the emperor Justin I), accompanying contact relics (sanctuaria) of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), sent in response to the latter's request for relics for his church in Constantinople dedicated to Peter and Paul. Collectio Avellana 190, written in Latin in Rome.
E00682	The Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae, a guide to saints' graves around Rome, lists those under the church of San Sebastiano, on the via Appia, south of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 625/649.
E00690	The Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae, a guide to saints' graves around Rome, closes with the church and grave of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on the 'via Vaticana', north-west of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 625/649. A description of the basilica, added in the later 8th c., lists many of the altars of saints within the church.
E00720	Inscription with prayer in Greek, from a church in Kasossos near Mylasa (Caria, western Asia Minor). Refers to saints and other holy figures: Abraham (Old Testament patriarch, S00275), Jacob (Old Testament patriarch, S00280), Moses (Old Testament prophet and lawgiver, S00241), Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), Elisha (Old Testament prophet, S00239), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), other unnamed Apostles (S00084), unnamed Confessors (S00184), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and a virgin Eirene (possibly the martyr of Magedon, S02162). Probably late antique (6th/8th c.) or later.
E00737	Greek inscription with an invocation of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), incised on a bowl found in the ruins of a gymnasium in Pergamon (province of Asia, north-west Asia Minor). Probably late antique (5th-8th c.).
E00747	Bishop Nicetius of Trier, in a letter to Chlodosinda, queen of the Lombards (Austrasian Letter 8), claims that relics and churches dedicated to the saints are ineffective for Arians; he mentions Gothic veneration for the Apostles (S02422), and alludes to churches or shrines of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and John (probably the Baptist, S00020), all probably at Rome. Written in Latin, presumably at Trier (eastern Gaul), 561/569.
E00825	Greek inscription commemorating the paving of an aisle and the construction of a chancel screen in a church at Bargylia (Caria, western Asia Minor) by a certain Auxibios, probably a member of the city council, giving thanks to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and unnamed saints (S00518). Probably late antique (5th-6th c.).
E00843	Fragmentary Greek inscription with a dedication to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Found in a cemetery near Myndos (Caria, western Asia Minor). Probably late antique (5th-8th c.).
E00852	The Latin Life of Maximus (bishop of Riez, ob. 452/462, S00424), by Dynamius of Marseille, describes the life, many miracles, and death of the saint, with an account of his dedication of a church to Alban (martyr of Verulamium, S01364), and references to churches dedicated to other saints. Written in south-east Gaul, c. 580/590.
E00865	Multiple fragments of a Greek dedicatory inscription, probably commemorating the consecration of a church of the Apostles: Peter (S00036), possibly Paul (S00008), Andrew (S00288), probably Philip (S00109), probably Thomas (S00199), John (S00042); others are perhaps also named. Found at Side (Pamphylia, southern Asia Minor). Probably mid-6th c.
E00874	Anonymous sermon ('Eusebius Gallicanus', Sermon 55), on *Epipodius and Alexander (martyrs of Lyon, S00318). Preached in Latin at Lyon (south-east Gaul), probably in the 5th century.
E00957	Bishops of southern Gaul, in a letter to Pope Leo I of 449/450 (Epistolae Arelatenses, 12), justify the primacy in Gaul of the see of Arles (southern Gaul) by reference to its founding by Trophimus (bishop and confessor of Arles, S00617), supposedly sent by Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in southern Gaul, probably Arles.
E00975	Quodvultdeus of Carthage, in his Book of Promises, names several tombs of apostles and saints which guarantee the truthfulness of the doctrine of the Church: in Jerusalem, of James (probably the 'brother of the Lord', S00058) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); at Ephesus, John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); in Asia, Andrew (the Apostle, S00288); in Rome, the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and *Paul S00008). Written in Latin, probably during Quodvultdeus' exile in Italy, 440/454.
E01001	Two Coptic miracles of Apa *Mena (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), attributed to the time of Damian, archbishop of Alexandria (576–605), concerned with the building of his shrine and the celebration of his feast day; preserved in a 9th century parchment codex.
E01034	Augustine of Hippo, in his treatise Against Faustus, explains that the Christians venerate martyrs, such as the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and *Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S00411) as examples to imitate, but worship only God, even if they do it in places in which martyrs are commemorated. Written in Latin in Hippo (Numidia, central North Africa), c. 400.
E01041	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (1.1), states that during the sack of Rome in 410, Christians and pagans alike successfully sought asylum at the shrines of the apostles, not named, but evidently Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and of the martyrs. Written in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), 412/413.
E01052	The Depositio Martirum, a list of burials of martyrs (primarily of Rome), gives both the day of the year and the place of their burial; from the so-called Chronography of 354, compiled in Latin in Rome, c. 354.
E01085	Silver casket, probably re-used as a reliquary, decorated with depictions of Konon (one of the several homonymous martyrs of Anatolia), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), Christ flanked by the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and with Greek invocations, apparently of Konon, asked for health. Found at Çirga near Mut (Isauria, southern Asia Minor). Very probably late 5th c.
E01132	Greek epitaph for a deacon of a sanctuary of unnamed Apostles, probably the apostoleion of Peter (S00038) and *Paul (S00008) at the estate of Rufinianae. Found near Chalcedon (Bithynia, north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople), probably 5th-6th c.
E01133	The Greek Life of Hypatios by Kallinikos reports that in c. 393 Rufinus, pretorian prefect of the East, acquired some relics of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008) from Rome, and deposited them in the so-called apostoleion at his estate of Rufinianae near Chalcedon (Bithynia, north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople). Rufinus was also buried there. Written in Constantinople shortly after 450.
E01244	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, is critical of Liberius (bishop of Rome, ob. 366, S00758), but mentions his burial in the cemetery of Priscilla on the via Salaria, on 9 September [AD 366], and his links with the churches of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and, particularly that of Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), which he beautified, all in Rome.
E01245	Coptic ostrakon from Wadi Sarga (Upper Egypt) with an invocation to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), the Seven Hundred Martyrs of Thone (S00771, Middle Egypt), and a list of holy men; datable to the 6th–8th century.
E01273	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Damasus (bishop of Rome, ob. 384, S00535), lists his construction of a basilica of Laurence (martyr in Rome, S00037) inside the city of Rome; the dedication of a marble tablet at the Catacumbas cemetery on the via Appia, commemorating the former resting place of the bodies of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008); the discovery and honouring in verse of many martyrs; and his burial, with his mother and sister, in his own basilica on the via Ardeatina, on 11 December [AD 384].
E01289	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Caelestinus (bishop of Rome, ob. 432, S00528), tells of his gifts to the basilicas of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008) at Rome, and of his burial in the cemetery of Priscilla on the via Salaria outside the city, on 6 April [AD 432].
E01294	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Xystus/Sixtus III (bishop of Rome, ob. 440, S00764), tells of the burial of a certain Bassus close to the body of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at the Vatican, and of that of Xystus himself on the via Tiburtina outside Rome, close to the body of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) [AD 440].
E01295	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Xystus III (bishop of Rome, ob. 440, S00764) describes the construction and decoration of several churches in Rome during his episcopate (432-440): the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), present-day Santa Maria Maggiore, the confessiones of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and a basilica and confessio of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037).
E01305	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Leo (bishop of Rome, ob. 461, S00423), tells how a certain Demetrias built a basilica of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) on the via Latina outside Rome; how Leo himself established a monastery at St Peter's, built a basilica to Cornelius (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00172) near the cemetery of Callixtus on the via Appia, carried out a number of repairs at the basilicas of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008) and at the Lateran, and replaced the liturgical vessels of the city's tituli, which had been stolen by the Vandals. It also gives an account of the Council held in the basilica of Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) at Chalcedon, near Constantinople, and records *Leo's burial in Rome at the basilica of St Peter on 11 April [AD 461].
E01307	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Hilarus (bishop of Rome, ob. 468, S00566) names his refurbishments in, and offerings to, several churches and oratories in Rome: dedicated to John (Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E01313	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Simplicius (bishop of Rome, ob. 483, S00729) tells how he dedicated churches in and around Rome to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), and Bibiana (martyr of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00728); made arrangements concerning clergy in the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037); and made gifts to St Peter's basilica; it closes with a record of his burial in St Peter's basilica on 2 March [AD 483].
E01316	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Gelasius (bishop of Rome, ob. 496, S00789), recounts his burning of heretical books before the doors of the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Rome; his dedication of a basilica of Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) in Tibur/Tivoli, and basilicas of Eleutherius (martyr of Rome, S01661), Nicander (saint of Rome, S00788), and Andreas (probably Andrew the Apostle, S00288) on the via Labicana, outside Rome; his building of a basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) on the via Laurentina; and his burial in the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 21 November [AD 496]. A later interpolation records the discovery of the sanctuary of the Archangel *Michael (S00181) on Monte Gargano (southern Italy).
E01320	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Anastasius II (bishop of Rome, 496-498) records his making of the confessio of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) at his church outside Rome, and his burial in the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), on 19 November [AD 498].
E01338	The church of Panagia Kanakaria at Lythrankomi (north-eastern Cyprus) houses a mosaic with depictions of Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), unnamed Archangels (almost certainly Michael, S00181, and Gabriel, S00192), and with labelled depictions of Apostles and Evangelists. Probably 525-550.
E01345	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Symmachus (bishop and confessor of Rome, ob. 514, S00793), mentions the ordination of his rival, Laurentius, in the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); the murder of priests of the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), called 'in chains', and of Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00384); and the burial of Symmachus at St Peter's basilica on 19 July [AD 514]; all in Rome. In the second edition, Symmachus is described as a 'confessor', one who suffered for his faith.
E01347	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of Symmachus (bishop and confessor of Rome, S00793), lists his extensive work at the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome, honouring a number of different saints.
E01353	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Hormisdas (bishop of Rome, ob. 523, S00799), states that he was buried at the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome, on 6 August [AD 523].
E01354	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of Hormisdas (bishop of Rome, ob. 523, S00799), lists offerings to the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) by kings Clovis and Theodoric, and the emperor Justin; and Hormisdas' own gifts to the Lateran basilica and the basilicas of Peter and of *Paul (the Apostle, S00008).
E01356	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, presents John I (bishop of Rome, ob. 526, S00308) as 'the vicar of the blessed Peter' (the Apostle, S00036), describes his death in prison, and mentions his burial at St *Peter's (00036) basilica in Rome, on 27 May 526. In the second edition he is explicitly termed a 'martyr'.
E01357	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of John I (bishop of Rome, ob. 526, S00308), lists his renovation works in the cemeteries of Nereus and Achilles (eunuchs and martyrs of Rome, S00403), of Felix and Adauctus (martyrs of Rome, S00421), and of Priscilla, all in the suburbs of Rome; his adornment of the confessio of Paul (the Apostle, S00008); as well as offerings made by the emperor Justin I to the churches in Rome of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), of Paul (the Apostle, S00008), of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037).
E01361	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of Felix IV (bishop of Rome, ob. 530, S00809), tells of his construction of the basilica of Cosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) in the Forum of Rome; of his rebuilding of the basilica of Saturninus (martyr of Rome, S00422), on the via Salaria outside the city; and of Felix' burial at the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), on 12 October [AD 530].
E01362	The short Life of Boniface II, bishop of Rome 530-532, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, tells of two synods held in the basilica of *Peter the Apostle (S00036) in Rome; of an oath taken by the attendant clergy at Peter's confessio; of the burning there of an uncanonical decree; and of Boniface's burial at St Peter's, possibly on 17 October.
E01363	The short Life of John II (bishop of Rome, ob. 535, S00810) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, lists offering made by the emperor Justinian to the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and records the burial of John at St Peter's, possibly on 27 May 535.
E01364	The short Life of Agapitus (bishop of Rome, ob. 536, S00811) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions Agapitus' father, a presbyter of the church in Rome of Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00384); it concludes with Agapitus' death in Constantinople, the transfer of his body back to Rome, and its burial at the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), on 20 September [AD 536].
E01370	The short Life of Vigilius, bishop of Rome 537-555, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably during the 6th c., mentions offerings to the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and the foundation of a xenodochium, both in Rome, and the foundation of a monastery of Iuvenalis (bishop of Narni, S00815), at Hortae (present-day Orte) on the via Flaminia, north of Rome, all by the general Belisarius, in c. 540.
E01372	The short Life of Vigilius, bishop of Rome 537-555, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably during the 6th c., mentions several churches and other places dedicated to saints, namely the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), the church of Caecilia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00146), the city-gate of Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and the grave of Marcellus (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00529), all in or around Rome, as well as the church of *Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) at Chalcedon.
E01380	The short Life of Pelagius I, bishop of Rome 556-561, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably during the 6th c., mentions a supplicatory procession with hymns (a 'litany'/ laetania), led by Pelagius, from the church of Pancratius (martyr of Rome, S00307) to the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) [at the Vatican], as well as the beginning of the construction of the basilica of the Apostles Philip (S00109) and James (the son of Alphaeus, S01801), and Pelagius' burial at St. Peter's; all in and around Rome.
E01383	The short Life of John III, bishop of Rome 561-574, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably during the 6th c., mentions his completion of the basilica of the Apostles Philip (S00109) and James (the son of Alphaeus, S01801); his restoration of the cemeteries of the martyrs and the regular Sunday services he instituted there; and John's burial at the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036); all in and around Rome.
E01394	The short Life of Benedict I, bishop of Rome 575-579, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably during the 6th c., mentions his burial at the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036).
E01398	The early 5th c. Syriac Martyrology commemorates on 28 December the martyrdom of Paul (the Apostle, S00008) and Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Preserved in a manuscript written in Edessa (northern Mesopotamia) in 411.
E01401	The short Life of Pelagius II, bishop of Rome 579-590, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably in the late 6th/early 7th c., mentions his embellishment of the tomb of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), his construction of the cemetery of Hermes (martyr of Rome, S00404) on the via Salaria vetus, and his building of the basilica of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) on the via Tiburtina, as well as Pelagius' burial at St Peter's; all in and around Rome.
E01419	The short Life of Gregory I ('the Great, bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, probably early in the 7th c., mentions his enhancement of the tombs of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), so that mass could be celebrated directly over their bodies; his dedication of the church of Agatha, (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794); and his burial at St Peter's, perhaps on 12 March; all in Rome.
E01425	The short Life of Sabinianus, bishop of Rome 604-606, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, early in the 7th c., mentions his provision of lights in St.Peter's (the Apostle, S00036), his funerary procession which left the city by the gate of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020), and his burial at St Peter's; all in Rome.
E01428	The short Life of Boniface III (bishop of Rome, ob. 608, S00840) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, early in the 7th c., mentions his burial in the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00037) in Rome.
E01429	The short Life of Boniface IV (bishop of Rome, ob. 615, S00841) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, early in the 7th c., mentions his conversion of the Pantheon into the church of the blessed Mary, 'ever-virgin' (S00033), and of All Martyrs (S02818), and Boniface's burial in the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), all in Rome.
E01441	The short Life of Deusdedit (bishop of Rome, ob. 618, S00843) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions his burial in the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome.
E01442	The short Life of Boniface V (bishop of Rome, ob. 625, S00844) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions his regulations concerning handling relics, his renovation of the cemetery of Nicomedes (on the via Nomentana, north-east of Rome), and his burial in the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome.
E01443	The short Life of *Honorius (bishop of Rome, ob. 638, S01459) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, lists his construction of, and offerings to, the churches of many saints in Rome and its region.
E01459	The short Life of Honorius (bishop of Rome, ob. 638, S00849) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions his burial in the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00037) in Rome.
E01623	The short Life of Severinus (bishop of Rome, ob. 640, S00852) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, emphasises his sanctity, and records his repair of the apse-mosaic of the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00037) in Rome, as well as his burial in this church on 2 August.
E01626	The short Life of John IV (bishop of Rome, ob. 642, S00854) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, records his building of a church, next to the Lateran basilica, of Venantius, Anastasius, and Maurus, and other martyrs of Istria and Dalmatia (S00853), whose relics John transferred to Rome; and mentions his burial at the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 12 October.
E01629	The short Life of Theodorus (bishop of Rome, ob. 649, S00856) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, records his transfer of the bodies of Primus and Felicianus (martyrs of Rome, S00855) from the via Nomentana outside Rome to the intramural church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and his gifts there; the building of a church of Valentinus (priest and martyr of Rome, S00433) on the via Flaminia to the north of Rome; and oratories dedicated to Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400) at the Lateran, and Euplus (martyr of Catania, S00207) outside the gate of St Paul (the Apostle, S00008). It also refers to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) 'at the Crib' [= S. Maria Maggiore], and to Theodorus' burial at St. *Peter's (the Apostle, S00036) on 14 May.
E01641	The short Life of Eugenius (bishop of Rome, ob. 657, S00861) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, emphasises his sanctity and mentions his burial at the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome, on 2 June.
E01643	The short Life of Vitalianus, bishop of Rome (ob. 672, 00682) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, describes the visit to Rome in 663 of the emperor Constans II: he visited the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), making gifts at each, and processing with his army on a Sunday to St Peter's; also mentioned are Constans' removal to Constantinople of the bronze tiles of the church of St Mary 'ad Martyres' (the Pantheon), and Vitalianus' burial at St Peter's on 27 January.
E01653	The short Life of Adeodatus (bishop of Rome, ob. 676, 00868) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions the restoration of a church of Peter (the Apostle, S00936) on the via Portuensis outside Rome, and the enlargement of the monastery of *Erasmus (probably the martyr of Formia, S00867) inside the city, as well as Adeodatus' burial at St Peter's on 26 June.
E01656	The short Life of Donus (bishop of Rome, ob. 678, 00869) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, soon after his death, lists his work in suburban churches of Rome: paving of the atrium of the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036); restoration of a church of the Apostles, probably Peter and Paul (S00008), on the via Ostiensis; the dedication of a church of Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) on the via Appia; as well as Donus' burial at St Peter's on 11 April.
E01664	The short Life of Agatho (bishop of Rome, ob. 681, 00872) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions his offerings at the churches of the Apostles, presumably the basilcas of Peter (S00036) and of Paul (S00008), and at the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) 'at the Crib', and his burial at St Peter's on 10 January.
E01665	The short Life of Agatho (bishop of Rome, ob. 681, 00872) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions several cult places in Constantinople: an oratory of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in the imperial palace; the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae; and the church of Sophia (Holy Wisdom, S00705), all visited by the papal legates for the council of 680-681, who are said to have been accompanied by *Peter (the Apostle, 00036).
E01678	The short Life of Leo II (bishop of Rome, ob. 683, S00875) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, records his building of a church of Paul (the Apostle, S00008), close to the church of Bibiana (martyr of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00728); his translation there of the bodies of the martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrix (martyrs of Rome, S00886); and his burial at the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 3 July. Some manuscripts also attribute to Leo II the building of the church of Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400) and *George (soldier and martyr, S00259) at the Velabro.
E01685	Greek dedicatory inscriptions to Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and busts of: Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Apostles Peter (S00036), and Paul (S00008), engraved on the paten and a chalice from the silver treasure of the Cleveland Museum of Art (Ohio). Provenance: a village of 'Beth Misôna' in Syria. Probably 6th c.
E01698	The short Life of Benedict II (bishop of Rome, ob. 685, S00887) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, names his refurbishments at, and offerings to, churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), Valentinus (priest and martyr of Rome, S00443), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), in and around Rome; names the feast of Valentinus; and mentions Benedict's burial at the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 8 May.
E01699	The short Life of John V (bishop of Rome, ob. 686, S00890) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, records his burial at the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 2 August.
E01700	The short Life of Conon (bishop of Rome, ob. 687, S00891) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions a gathering of soldiers at the basilica of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Rome, and Conon's burial at the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 21 September.
E01701	The short Life of Sergius (bishop of Rome, ob. 701, S00897) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions various places in Rome dedicated to saints: the titular church of Susanna (martyr of Rome, S00892); the oratory of Silvester (bishop of Rome, S00397) at the Lateran palace; the oratory of Caesarius (martyr of Terracina, S00893) within the imperial palace; and the city-gate of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036); it also records Sergius' burial at St. Peter's on 8 September.
E01725	The short Life of Sergius, bishop of Rome (ob. 701) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, soon after his death, attributes the fall of the archdeacon Paschalis, Sergius' rival, to the intervention of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036).
E01749	Gregory of Nyssa in his Encomion On Theodoros (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), of the 380s, invokes the protection of the saint for the local community against a barbarian invasion. He thanks him for repelling a past attack and urges him to invite other saints to his supplication on behalf of the area, especially the Apostles Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008), and John (S00042). Written in Greek in Pontus (northern Asia Minor).
E01779	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon, possibly at Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) on the eve of a feast of martyrs, in which he mentions the memorial shrine (memoria) at Rome of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), visited by emperors. Exposition on Psalm 140, delivered in Latin, possibly in 397/405.
E01808	Gregory of Nyssa composes his Encomium on Basil (bishop of Caesarea, ob. 379, S00780), which he delivers during the saint’s festival on 1 January. Basil’s memory is added to a series of major feasts, namely Christmas, Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and the Apostles Peter (S00036), James (S00108),John (S00042), and Paul (S00008). The author argues that Basil deserves to be honoured after these figures. He mentions miracles during Basil’s life. Written in Greek in Cappadocia (central Asia Minor), in the 380s.
E01816	Greek inscription on a lintel, invoking the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), probably to protect a house. Found at Rouweiha between Antioch on the Orontes and Apamea on the Orontes. Probably the 5th-6th c.
E01831	Gregory of Nyssa in his Second Encomium on Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), written in 386, refers to the feasts of Stephen, and of the Apostles Peter (S00036), James (S00108), and John (S00042), probably celebrated on 26 and 27 December. Composed in Greek in Cappadocia (central Asia Minor).
E01837	Augustine, while a priest in Hippo Regius, in his Letter 29 of 394/396 to Alypius, bishop of Thagaste, recounts events which took place in Hippo (Numidia, central North Africa) during the feast of an unnamed saint, probably Leontius (bishop of Hippo, S01685). He emphasises his efforts to put an end to the custom of excessive eating and drinking on such occasions and mentions similar unsuitable celebrations in Rome, at the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Hippo.
E01871	Greek inscription with three monograms, one possibly of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), followed by a poem in honour of the Trinity. Found at I'djāz near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably c. 479.
E01873	Greek inscription on a lintel, with the names of the Apostles Paul (S00008) and Peter (S00036). Found at Ḥarāke, near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably late antique.
E01895	Greek building inscription for a tower (pyrgos), probably recorded as built through the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), unnamed Archangels, and unnamed *Apostles. Found at eṭ-Ṭayyibe near Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01904	Gregory of Nazianzus in his Oration 4 (Against Julian I), of 362/363, refers to the deaths of martyrs, naming the Apostles John (S00042), Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008), and James (S00108), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Luke (the Evangelist, S00442), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), and Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092). He refers to the festivals held in their honour and the miracles effected by their bodily remains. Written in Greek at Nazianzus (central Asia Minor).
E01924	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon in Carthage (central North Africa), at the altar of Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S00411); he mentions the joint feast of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036, and S00008). Sermon 8, delivered in Latin, possibly in 411.
E01943	The Syriac Acts of Sharbel (martyr of Edessa, E01890) recounts a failed attempt to remove the relics of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008) from the city of Rome; written in Edessa during the 5th c.
E01983	The Latin Martyrdom of *Potitus (child martyr with cult in southern Italy, S01131) narrates the story of a Christian child of a pagan father; he performs several miracles leading to mass conversions; he is tortured, then put to death by the emperor Antoninus and buried in Puglia (southern Italy). Written presumably in Puglia, at an uncertain date, but by the 8th c. at the latest
E02011	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (1.25), mentions several 1st, 2nd, and 3rd c. martyrs, namely Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), James ('the brother of the Lord', S00058), Mark (the Evangelist, S00293), Stephen (the first martyr, S00030), Clemens/Clement (bishop of Rome, martyr of the Crimea, S00111), Symeon (bishop and martyr of Jerusalem, S01139), Ignatios, (bishop of Antioch and martyr of Rome, S00649), Iustinus (philosopher and martyr of Rome, S01140), Polycarp (bishop and martyr of Smyrna, S00004), Cornelius (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00172), and Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S00411). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02021	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.6), describes the miraculous survival of an oratory in Metz (eastern Gaul) with relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), when the city was burnt by the Huns in 451. In a vision, Stephen is seen seeking the help of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), to save the whole city, or at least his oratory. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02022	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.7), recounts a story, set in the mid 5th c., of a man seeing a vision in the church in Rome of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), in which two men, almost certainly Peter and his companion the Apostle Paul (S00008), promise to protect the general Aetius in response to his wife's prayers. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02023	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.14), records how Perpetuus, bishop of Tours (c. 458-489), built a large new church over the tomb of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, 00050), because of the success of his cult; and used part of the old chapel for a new church of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008). Gregory stresses the importance of 4 July as a threefold feast: the day of Martin's ordination as bishop of Tours, of the dedication of the new church, and of the translation into it of the saint's body; 11 November is the feast of Martin's death. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02033	The Latin Martyrdom of Nereus, Achilleus and Companions (martyrs of Rome and central Italy, S00403) narrates the decision of the niece of the emperor Domitian, Domitilla (persecuted noblewoman of Rome, late 1st c., S02419) to embrace virginity, her exile to the island of Ponza with her eunuch slaves Nereus and Achilleus; the struggle of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) with Simon Magus; the martyrdom and burial of a number of saints: Felicula, Nicomedes, and Nereus and Achilleus in Rome; Eutyches, Victorinus and Maro on the via Nomentana and via Salaria north-east of Rome; Sulpitius and Servilianus on the via Latina, south-east of the city; Domitilla, with her companions, Euphrosyna and Theodora, in Terracina. Written presumably in Rome, of uncertain late antique date.
E02039	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the laying of the mosaic in 'Church 78' in Khirbet es-Samra to the south-east of Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/the Roman province of Arabia), dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Probably earlier 7th c.
E02054	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the completion and paving of a church (naos) dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Found at Riḥāb, between Bostra and Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/the Roman province of Arabia). Dated 623.
E02069	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.43 and 4.1), records the pious life led by Queen Clotild (queen and widow of Clovis, S01186) at the basilica of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in Tours, after the death of Clovis [in 511]; her death in Tours [in c. 545]; and her burial in Paris in the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), which she had built; Gregory mentions that Genovefa/Geneviève (ascetic of Paris, ob. 502/512, S01156), had earlier been buried there. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02088	The Latin Martyrdom of Apollinaris (bishop and martyr of Ravenna, S00331) narrates the foundation of the Christian community in Ravenna (northern Italy) at the time of the emperor Claudius by Apollinaris, a disciple of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) sent from Rome to Ravenna. It describes Apollinaris’ numerous healing miracles, his trials in front of local judges, his exile and miracles in Moesia, Thracia and Dalmatia, his return to Ravenna and death at the time of Vespasian at the hands of a pagan mob in Classe, and finally his burial in a sarcophagus outside the walls of Classe. Written presumably in Ravenna or Classe, between the 5th and the late 7th c.
E02100	Orosius, in his Seven Books of History against the Pagans (7.39), recounts that during the sack of Rome in 410 the Goths respected the sanctuary of the basilicas of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and transferred sacred vessels for safe keeping to the basilica of Peter. Written in Latin, possibly in North Africa, c. 416/418.
E02137	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (5.18), describes the trial in 577 of Praetextatus, bishop of Rouen, in the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Paris. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 577/594.
E02145	Asterius of Amasea, in his Homily XII, On *Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), delivered on the saint’s festival on 26 December, presents a contemplation on the story and martyrdom of Stephen. Written in Greek at Amaseia/Amasea of Pontus (northern Asia Minor), in the late 4th or early 5th c..
E02177	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (5.49), tells of how, in 580, Leudast, count of Tours, sought sanctuary in the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Paris, and later in the church of Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183) in Poitiers (western Gaul). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E02179	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (6.6), describes miracles effected by Hospicius (ascetic and recluse near Nice, ob. 581, S01178). In c. 574, he foretells the coming of Lombard invaders to Nice (southern Gaul), warns its residents, then faces down the soldiers. He cures several people: a deaf and dumb man from Angers (in north-west Gaul), who was travelling to Rome to seek a cure from the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) and from Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) and the other martyrs of the city; a blind man called Dominicus; two women possessed by demons. Hospicius predicts his own death. Gregory has heard that Hospicius' Life had been written by many authors. The man from Angers, whom Gregory met and talked with, was travelling to Rome with a deacon who planned to collect relics of the Apostles and other saints. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 581/594.
E02197	Calendar of the Church of Carthage (central North Africa) lists saints whose liturgical commemorations were celebrated in June. Written in Latin in Carthage, probably between 505 and 535.
E02218	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of Fructuosus, Augurius and Eulogius (martyrs of Tarragona, S00496), at the memorial shrine of Theogenes (martyr and probably bishop of Hippo, S01133) in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), and refers to the reading of their Martyrdom. He emphasises that, though martyrs like these, as well as *Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), are superior to pagan heroes, they are honoured, not worshipped by Christians. Sermo 273, delivered in Latin at Hippo, between 391 and 430.
E02248	Isidore of Seville, in his De ecclesiasticis officiis, explains the role of the cult of the martyrs in the doctrine of the Church, warning that the martyrs should not receive honours that are due only to God; written in Latin in Seville (south-west Hispania), in 598/636.
E02323	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the discovery of the relics of Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313) in Milan (northern Italy), in an undetermined place in central North Africa where some of their relics were deposited. He mentions the martyrs, Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Crispina (of Thagora, martyred at Theveste, S00905), Nemesianus (child martyr of Africa, S01811), and *Peter the Apostle (S00036), relates a miracle of Gervasius and Protasius when their relics were discovered, and mentions the reading of written accounts (libelli) of martyrs' miracles at their shrines. Sermon 286, delivered in Latin, possibly in 425/430.
E02331	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (9.6), tells of the appearance in Tours in 587 of Desiderius, a false holy man. He pretended to work miracles, attracting many who sought to be cured, and claimed to be greater than Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) and equal to the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008). He is accused of necromancy and expelled from the city. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 587/594.
E02340	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the eve of the feast of the nativity of John the Baptist (S00020), referring also to the forthcoming feast of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon 279, delivered in Latin, possibly in Carthage (central North Africa) in 401.
E02366	Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions with poems commemorating the construction of a church dedicated to the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and two stone reliquaries. Found at Gerasa/Jerash (Roman province of Arabia). Probably mid-6th or early 7th c.
E02391	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), recounts that Perpetuus, the sixth bishop of Tours (bishop 460-490), pulled down the old church over the tomb of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in Tours and built a new one, to which he translated Martin's body. He also built the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Tours and the church of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) at Montlouis-sur-Loire (near Tours). He bequeathed a sum of money to the church of Martin in Tours, where he was buried. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02392	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), gives the list of fasts and vigils instituted by Perpetuus, the sixth bishop of Tours (bishop 460-490), in the churches of Tours (most frequently in that of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050)), the majority associated with the commemoration of saints, both local and international. These fasts and vigils were still being held in Gregory of Tours' times. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02427	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), recounts how Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) effected miracles during his lifetime and after his death: he raised three men. He translated the body of Gatianus (first bishop of Tours, S01175) and placed it beside the tomb of Litorius (bishop of Tours, ob. 370/371, S01214) in the church of Litorius in Tours. He built the church of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008) at the monastery of Marmoutier in the Touraine. Sulpiciius Severus wrote his Life and many miracles happen at his grave. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02481	The Latin Martyrdom of Alexander, Eventius and Theodolus (respectively bishop, priest and deacon, all martyrs of Rome, buried on the via Nomentana, S00127), and of Hermes (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus, S00404) and *Quirinus (martyr of Rome, buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus on the via Appia, S01225) narrates the miracles performed by Alexander and the conversions of the prefect Hermes, the tribune Quirinus and his prisoners; their martyrdoms and burial. Quirinus is buried on the via Appia in the cemetery of Praetextatus; Hermes on the via Salaria vetus; and Alexander, Eventius and Theodulus at the seventh milestone of the via Nomentana, where a bishop is appointed to oversee their cult. Written presumably at the principal martyrs’ shrine on the via Nomentana, near Rome, before the 8th c.
E02499	The Latin Martyrdom of Hedistus, Priscus and Companions (martyrs of Laurentum, S01229) narrates how the soldier of Nero Hedistus, who had been baptised by Peter (the Apostle, S00036), meets and celebrates liturgy, vigils, prayers and fasts with the priest Priscus, his wife Thermantia and daughter Christes, and a woman named Victoria, in a sand quarry close to an altar of Diana where Nero hunts; their deaths by being buried alive in the sand quarry, situated on the via Laurentina, except Victoria who is killed by the sword. Written presumably near Laurentum, at an uncertain date.
E02505	The Latin Martyrdom of Processus and Martinianus (martyrs of Rome, buried on the via Aurelia, S00556), narrates the imprisonment of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008) in Rome under Nero, where they perform miracles and convert many, including Processus and Martinianus, who then free the Apostles; the torture and martyrdom of Processus and Martinianus, and their burial by Lucina on her estate on the via Aurelia. Written presumably in Rome, perhaps in the first half of the 6th c.
E02512	The Latin Martyrdom of Sebastianus and Companions, perhaps by Arnobius the Younger, narrates the martyrdom of Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400) and his companions: the priest Polycarpus; Marcellianus and Marcus (twin brothers, deacons and martyrs of Rome, S01401); their parents, Tranquillinus and Marcia (martyrs of Rome, S02747); the primiscrinius Nicostratus, his wife Zoe (martyr of Rome, S02747) and brother Castorius; the commentariensis Claudius, his wife Symphorosa (martyr of Rome, S02747), his brother Victorinus and son Symphorianus; Tiburtius (son of the prefect Chromatius, martyr of Rome, S01404); and Castulus (martyr of Rome, S01405). Tiburtius is buried at the third milestone of the via Labicana; Marcellianus and Marcus at the second milestone of the via Appia in the place called ad arenas, Sebastianus at the Catacumbas cemetery, in a crypt commemorating the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written presumably in Rome, probably in the 5th c.
E02520	The Latin Martyrdom of Gallicanus, Iohannes and Paulus (martyrs of Rome under Julian, S01244 and S00384) is divided into two parts, it first narrates the conversion of the general Gallicanus and his daughters Attica and Artemia, thanks respectively to the eunuchs Iohannes and Paulus and the emperor Constantine’s daughter, Constantia, who was healed from leprosy thanks to her devotion to Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097); Gallicanus’ devotion to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), his donations to the poor and to the Church, and building of two churches, one dedicated to Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) in Ostia, where he lives with Hilarinus (martyr of Ostia, S01518); Gallicanus’ exile in Egypt under Julian and his martyrdom there; the martyrdom and burial of Hilarinus in Ostia. The second part narrates the martyrdom of the eunuch brothers Iohannes and Paulus (S00384) and their burial in their own house, at the hands of Terentianus and his son, who later convert to Christianity and reveal the story of the saints’ martyrdom. An alternative version, written in the 6th c., adds the martyrdoms of Crispus, Crispinianus and Benedicta (martyrs of Rome, S01526 and S01516), and of Terentianus and his son (martyrs of Rome, S01517), all buried by the priests Iohannes and Pimenius in Iohannes and Paulus’ house; it ends with the building of a church in the saints’ house by the senator Vizantius and his son Pammachius. Written presumably in Rome, in the 5th or 6th c.
E02540	John Chrysostom, in his homily Against Games and Theatres, of 399, tells how the city sought the help of the Apostles Peter (S00036), Andrew (S00288), Paul (S00008), and Timothy (S00466), at the shrine of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople, after damaging rainfall; he also mentions a feast of thanksgiving, when the rains abated, held at a shrine of the Apostles Peter and Paul across the sea, probably the shrine of Rufinianae. Written in Greek at Constantinople.
E02589	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon 295, delivered in Latin, probably in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), possibly in 405/410.
E02596	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), addressing the question of why the memorial shrines (memoriae) of these apostles, of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and of other martyrs did not save Rome from being captured by its enemies in 410. Sermon 296, delivered in Latin, probably in Carthage (central North Africa) in 411.
E02605	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), explaining why the martyrs are greater than other people. Sermon 297, delivered in Latin at an unknown city of central North Africa, possibly Hippo Regius (Numidia), in 416/420.
E02613	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), expressing his disappointment that it is less well attended by the faithful that those of other martyrs. Sermon 298, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), possibly in 426/430.
E02615	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon 299, delivered in Latin, possibly in Carthage (central North Africa) in 418.
E02622	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon 299B, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430.
E02626	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon Dolbeau 4, delivered in Latin, probably in Carthage or Hippo Regius (both central North Africa), possibly in 403/406.
E02627	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon 299C, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) in 412.
E02675	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Confessors (62), tells of an unnamed *Archdeacon of Lyon (S02846), summoned to Rome, who there expels an evil spirit from the daughter of the emperor Leo; the emperor sent magnificent gold gifts to the church of Lyon (south-east Gaul), but their carrier substituted objects of silver; the carrier and his goldsmith accomplice come to a bad end. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 587/588.
E02729	Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History (8.17), mentions the shrine and monastery of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), founded by the patrician Rufinus (ob. 395), on his estate near Chalcedon (north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople). In 403, it became the venue of the Council of the Oak, and resting place of the Egyptian ascetic Ammonios (ascetic of Kellia, ob. 403, S01263), companion of the ascetic and bishop Dioskoros (S01264), who was buried at the shrine of *Mokios (martyr of Byzantion, S01265) in Constantinople. Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/450.
E02744	The Latin decrees of a synod, held in 499 in St Peter's basilica, Rome, by Pope Symmachus (498-514), are subscribed to by a number of presbyters of the city's titular churches, each identified by the name of his titulus, a few of which are dedicated to saints; preserved as Symmachus Letter 1.
E02772	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 1.23) of February 591, to Anthemius, rector of the papal patrimony in Campania, mentions a monastery of Saint Erasmus (martyr of Formia, S00867) on the side of 'mount Repperus', and an oratory of an unspecified archangel (probably Michael, S00181) next to a basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, 00036) in the Castrum Lucullanum (near Naples); all in Campania (southern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E02813	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 1.25) of 591, to bishop Anastasius of Antioch (Syria), sends 'keys of the blessed *Peter the Apostle' (S00036), able to miraculously cure the sick. Written in Latin in Rome.
E02814	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 1.29) of 591, to Andreas, bishop of Constantinople, sends a key containing a fragment of the chains of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), able to miraculously cure the sick; the key, worn round the neck, will bless the wearer. Written in Latin in Rome.
E02816	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register, Appendix 1) of 591, to Petrus, sub-deacon and papal agent in Sicily, suggests that bishops in Sicily should assemble for the feast of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), instead of on the anniversary of Gregory's ordination. Written in Latin in Rome.
E02825	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 1.30) of 591, to Iohannes, ex-consul and quaestor of Constantinople, sends a key containing a fragment of the chains of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), able to miraculously cure the sick; the key, worn round the neck, will bless the wearer. Written in Latin in Rome.
E02887	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, commemorates on 21 January the dedication of the Monastery of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Timothy (the disciple of Paul the Apostle, S00466), Makarios (probably Makarios 'the Egyptian', monastic founder in the Sketis, ob. 391, S00863), and Maximos the Confessor (S01455).
E02952	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 21 January the dedication of a church or monastery of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and/or Paul (the Apostle, S00008).
E03093	Eustratius, presbyter of Constantinople, composes a Life of *Eutychios (patriarch of Constantinople, ob. 582,S01383), probably to be read out at the first anniversary of his death; it presents Eutychios as an exemplary and unswervingly orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, describing his patriarchate, his persecution, and the miracles effected through him. Written in Greek in 583, or soon after. Overview entry
E03098	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 3 April *Peter (the Apostle, S00036).
E03136	The Eighth Council of Toledo (central Hispania) in 653 is held in the church of the Apostles Peter and Paul (00036 and S00008) according to the Latin acts of the council.
E03146	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 9 May, at the Church of the Apostles in Jerusalem, the deposition of relics of the Apostles Peter (S00036), Thomas (S00199) and John (S00042), of John the Baptist (S00020), Isaiah (Old Testament Prophet, S00280), Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), Claudian (unidentified figure), *Tryphon (possibly the martyr of Nicaea, S00439).
E03210	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 29 June the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008).
E03222	The Latin Martyrdom of Cetheus (bishop of Pescara, martyred by Lombards, c. 590/591, S01553) narrates the flight from Pescara of its bishop, Cetheus, to Pope Gregory the Great in Rome, when attacked by the Lombards, Alahis and Umblo; the Lombards’ repentance and journey to Rome, where they pray at Peter’s tomb (the Apostle, S00036); swearing an oath at the tomb promising to preserve and increase church property in Pescara, they obtain from Gregory that Cetheus be restored to his see; Cetheus’ arrest after he is accused by Umblo of having taken part in an attack against the city; Cetheus’ death by being thrown into the river Piscaria bound to a stone; the miraculous journey of his body across the Adriatic sea to the civitas Iaternensis (Zadar, Croatia), where it is buried; the healing of a blind man at his tomb and the translation of Cetheus’ body at the ninth milestone from the city; because his name is unknown there, he is called Peregrinus ('foreigner'). Written presumably in Pescara, perhaps in the first half of the 7th c.
E03229	The Latin Acts of *Sylvester (bishop of Rome, 00397) narrate episodes of the life of Sylvester, in particular highlighting his role in the conversion and baptism of the emperor Constantine. Written in a number of versions, the earliest by the 5th c. Later translated into Greek, Syriac and Armenian.
E03235	The Latin Martyrdom of Secundianus, Marcellianus and Verianus (martyrs of Tuscia, S02503) narrates the conversion of the scholars Secundianus, Marcellianus and Verianus in Rome, their exile and trial in Centumcellae (north-west of Rome) and their martyrdom and burial in a place called Coloniacum, at the 62nd milestone from Rome. Their cult is celebrated in a church in Tuscia dedicated to Peter (the apostle, S00036). Written at an uncertain date, by the 9th c. at the latest.
E03237	The Latin Life of Gaudentius (bishop of Novara, ob. 417, S01531) narrates Gaudentius’ association with Laurentius (priest and martyr of Novara, S02438), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050), Eusebius (bishop of Vercelli, S01219) and Ambrose (bishop of Milan, S00490); his miracles, appointment as bishop of Novara (northern Italy) and incomplete building of a basilica; after his death, the miracles performed by his uncorrupt body on display in the church of the mother of God (Mary, mother of Christ, S00033), then in a tomb in the finished basilica. Written presumably in Novara, at an uncertain date, perhaps in the late 7th or early 8th c., and by the 9th c. at the latest.
E03238	The Latin Apparition on Monte Gargano of Michael (the Archangel, S00181) narrates the miraculous origins of the cave-church of the Archangel on Monte Gargano and details of the cult practices that occur there. Also mentioned are the adjacent church dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), with altars for Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and John (the Baptist, S00020). Written presumably on the Gargano peninsula (southern Italy), perhaps in the later 7th c., and by the 9th at the latest.
E03258	The Lives of the Fathers of Mérida (2), tells how an unnamed monk of the monastery of Cauliana near Mérida (south-west Spain), who was a drunkard and glutton, reforms; dying soon afterwards, he is confident he will be greeted in heaven by the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and by *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037); fifteen years later his tomb is found, it smells sweetly and the body inside is uncorrupted. Written in Latin in Mérida, 633/680.
E03330	Palladius of Helenopolis, in his Lausiac History (45), recounts the story of the strict ascetic Philorhomos of Galatia (central Asia Minor), who walked to Rome and Alexandria, on pilgrimage to the tombs of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and Mark (the Evangelist, S00293). Written in Greek at Aspuna or Ankyra (both Galatia, central Asia Minor), 419/420.
E03354	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 18 August the dedication of the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at the site of the house of Caiaphas.
E03382	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 22 September the deposition of the relics of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008).
E03390	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 2 October the Apostles Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008), Thomas (S00199), Philip (S00109), and Andrew (S00288), Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282), Zechariah (Old Testament prophet, S00283), Mamas (martyr of Kaisareia/Caesarea in Cappadocia, S00436), Theodore (soldier and martyr and Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480) and Christophoros (martyr of Pamphylia, S00616), Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), Pantaleon (martyr of Nicomedia, S00596).
E03441	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 26 November *Peter (the Apostle, S00036).
E03501	Theodoret of Cyrrhus in his Cure for Greek Maladies refers to the veneration of relics, the dedication of offerings for healing, the naming of children after martyrs, the replacement of pagan temples by shrines of martyrs, and the festivals of the Apostles Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008), and Thomas (S00199), and of the martyrs Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), Markellos (martyr of Apameia on the Orontes, S01456), Leontios (probably the martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), Antoninos, and Maurikios (martyr of Apameia, S01437). Written in Greek in the 420s, at the monastery of Nikerte near Apamea on the Orontes or in Cyrrhus (both north Syria).
E03513	The will of the deacon Adalgyselus-Grimo of Verdun, of 634, leaves property to several churches and monasteries in the area around Verdun and Trier (both eastern Gaul). Includes references to churches or monasteries dedicated to Agatha (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Vitonus (bishop of Verdun, ob. c. 529, S01458), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, 00050), Maximinus (bishop of Trier, ob. c. 347, S00465), and George (soldier and martyr, S00259). Written in Latin in Verdun.
E03603	Floor mosaics with Greek inscriptions from the basilica at Tell Aar, c. 40 km to the northwest of Ḥamāh/Epiphaneia (Roman province of Syria II, probably within the bishopric of Apamea), commemorating the paving of a church, termed ekklesia, in 375/376, and the restoration of the same sanctuary in 434/435, this time termed a shrine of the *Apostle(s), Apostoleion.
E03734	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 9 May the deposition of relics of the Apostles Peter (S00036), Paul (00008), Philip (S00109), Thomas (S00199), of John the Baptist (S00020), Isaiah (Old Testament Prophet, S00280), martyrs Theodore (possibly soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), or a group of martyrs: Diodoros, Claudianus, Tryphaines, Nikephoros and their companions.
E03784	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 28 June probably Habbakuk (Old testament prophet, S01268), Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Egypt, S00406) and their companion martyred women (S00167), and the Apostles *Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008).
E03785	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 29 June, in the church of the Holy Anastasis, the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008).
E03789	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 3 July Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), Thomas (the Apostle, S00199), and Hyacinthus (martyr of Rome under Trajan, S01609).
E03791	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 5 July Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and Dometios (monk of Syria, later 4th c., S00414), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and Martha (mother of Symeon Stylites the Younger, ob. late 6th c., S00864).
E03792	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 6 July Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282), Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and *Paul (the Apostle, S00008), 'Martheno' an unidentified figure or a heavily garbled name, and an unidentified 'monk John'.
E03873	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 22 September Hesychios (saint with church in Jerusalem mentioned c. 570, priest in 5th c Jerusalem?, S00261), the deposition of the relics of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), and *Phokas (martyr of Antioch, S00413).
E03972	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 28 December Paul (the Apostle, S00008) and Peter (the Apostle, S00036), John (Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Theodore (patriarch of Constantinople, ob. 687), and the massacre of the Martyrs of Sinai and Raithou (monks killed by Arab and Blemmyes raiders, S01620).
E04009	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the *Twenty Martyrs (of Hippo, including bishop Fidentius, Victoria and Valeria, S00703). He emphasises that it is the rightness of the cause, not the suffering itself, which makes a martyr, and presents the local saints as examples which are easier to follow than Christ or the Apostles. Sermon 325, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), possibly in 400/410.
E04035	Coptic will from Jeme (Upper Egypt), mentioning an institution dedicated to *Peter (presumably the Apostle, S00036); datable to the mid 8th c.
E04110	Gregory of Tours, in his Miracles of Martin (4.12), recounts how a blind woman of Ternay in the territory of Le Mans (north-west Gaul) prayed to Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in an oratory where relics of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008) were placed, and was healed there by Martin; AD 589. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 589/594.
E04183	Floor-mosaic reportedly mentioning a blessing by *Peter (presumably the Apostle, S00036). Found in a monastic chapel at Tel 'Ira in the Negev desert, to the east of Beersheva (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th c.
E04274	Prudentius writes Crowns of the Martyrs XII, a poem on the martyrdom of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008); the poem is cast as a conversation between the poet and a citizen of Rome on the saints' feast day, in which the interlocutor of Prudentius tells the story of the martyrdom of the Apostles and describes the places of their burial. Written in Latin in Calahorra (northern Spain), c. 400. Overview of Peristephanon XII.
E04275	Prudentius, in his poem (Crowns of the Martyrs XII) on the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), tells of people gathering joyfully in Rome for their feast. Written in Latin in Calahorra (northern Spain), c. 400.
E04332	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built the first church in Constantinople of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), in around 519, as well as the church of Sergios and Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079), both at the palace of Hormisdas. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04350	Prudentius, in his poem (Crowns of the Martyrs XII) on the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), describes their basilicas in Rome and mentions the custom of visiting both of them on the day of their feast. Written in Latin in Calahorra (northern Spain), c. 400.
E04351	Prudentius, in his poem (Crowns of the Martyrs XII) on the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), tells that on the feast of the saints the bishop of Rome celebrates mass in both basilicas. Written in Latin in Calahorra (northern Spain), c. 400.
E04391	A now lost Greek homily ascribed to John Chrysostom refers to the feast of the apostles Peter (S00036), James (the son of Zebedee, S00108), and *John (S00042), most probably delivered on their feast in late December. It is quoted by Eustratius of Constantinople, in his tract On the State of the Souls after Death, written at Constantinople, in 582/602.
E04438	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (1.10), narrates miraculous stories based in Todi (central Italy) featuring Fortunatus (bishop of Todi, ob. c. 537, S01716). These describe Fortunatus driving out evil spirits, and four other miracles. On one occasion, the sight of relics of Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400) caused a sinful woman to be possessed by a demon. Another time, a sinful Goth broke a rib as he passed by the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036); he was later cured by Fortunatus. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04442	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of a martyr. He claims that even the earthly glory of martyrs is greater than that of the great men of old, and to illustrate this point alludes to emperors visiting the tomb of *Peter (the Apostle S00036). Sermon 335C, delivered in Latin in an unknown city of central North Africa (possibly Hippo Regius), in 405/411.
E04443	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (3.3), describes how Agapitus I (bishop of Rome, ob. 536, S00811) cured a man who could neither walk nor speak through the intervention of Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04454	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (2.1-3), describes devotion to Benedict (of Nursia, monastic founder, ob. 547, S01727) which took place within his own lifetime and refers to the display of a dish he miraculously mended in the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Affile (near Rome, Italy). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04457	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues, recounts a number of miraculous stories, and considers the nature of miracles. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04475	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (3.13), describes how the body of Herculanus (bishop of Perugia, ob. 541/552, S01754) was found restored to perfection and uncorrupted forty days after his execution by Totila, and was buried in the church of Peter the Apostle (S00036) in Perugia (central Italy). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04481	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (3.17), describes a resurrection miracle brought about by the prayers of a holy man and dust from the altar of a church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Buxentum (southern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04485	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (3.23-25), mentions a monastery dedicated to Peter the Apostle (S00036) on the mountain above Palestrina, near Rome. He describes miracles which took place here, one of which effected by Acontius (sacristan near Praeneste, 6th c., S01761). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04547	A sermon, attributed to Augustine of Hippo, on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), explains that they died on the same day, but not in the same year. Sermon 381, in Latin; if authentic, preached in an unknown city of central North Africa, sometime between 391 and 430.
E04553	Augustine of Hippo tells how an emperor [Honorius in 404] visited Rome, knelt and prayed at the tomb of *Peter the Apostle (S00036), and removed his diadem in the presence of the saint. Sermon Dolbeau 25, delivered in Latin in an unknown city of central North Africa, in 404 or shortly after.
E04558	Lid of a white marble reliquary with a Syriac inscription labelling relics of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Thomas (the Apostle, S00199), *Symeon the Stylite (the Elder, S00343), and of other unnamed martyrs. Now in İstanbul Archaeological Museums. Probably 5th or 6th c.
E04566	Gregory of Tours, in his Miracles of Martin (4.35), recounts how a falsely accused man was miraculously freed, temporarily when in front of the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and permanently when he saw the church of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), both in Tours; AD 591. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E04581	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (4.14), describes a deathbed vision, experienced by Galla, a noblewoman of Rome, of *Peter the Apostle (S00036). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04593	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (4.38), tells of a shoemaker of Rome who gave his unsold shoes as alms to the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04597	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (4.12), describes a deathbed vision experienced by a priest of Nursia (central Italy) of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04613	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 18 January.
E04639	Encomion in Coptic on the Apostles (S02422 and S00084) with an emphasis on Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and including an account of the life and martyrdom of Mark (the Evangelist, S00293), from the monastery of the Archangel Michael near Hamouli in the Fayum (Lower Egypt), attributed to Severianos of Gabala and delivered on their feast day (29 June) at a sanctuary of the Apostles in a cemetery of an unnamed city; if by Severianos, originally delivered in Greek in the late 4th/early 5th century, probably in Constantinople.
E04741	Paulinus of Nola composes fourteen poems (the Natalicia) to be delivered at Nola/Cimitile (southern Italy) on the feast day of *Felix (priest and confessor of Nola, S00000). They include an account of Felix’s life, and descriptions of devotion to Felix, focusing on his feast day (14 January), miracles effected by the saint, and the expansion of Felix’s shrine which took place under Paulinus. Written in Latin, in Spain and later Nola, between 395 and 408. Overview entry.
E04767	Paulinus of Nola, in many of his fourteen poems (the Natalicia) written in honour of *Felix (priest and confessor of Nola, S00000), identifies Felix as the special protector (patronus) of Nola (southern Italy); the similar role of other saints, in other regions, is detailed in Natalicium 11. Written in Latin, in Spain and later Nola, between 395 and 408.
E04798	Latin epitaph for a woman with labelled paintings of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008). Found in a cemetery on the via Ardeatina, Rome. Probably late 4th c.
E04865	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 28 June.
E04866	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 29 June.
E04900	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 1 August.
E05021	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 16 November.
E05062	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 23 December.
E05069	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 30 December.
E05087	Latin and Greek graffiti invoking the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008). Found at the Memoria Apostolorum at the cemetery ad Catacumbas, under the church of S. Sebastiano on the via Appia, Rome. Probably mid-3rd c. - early 4th c.
E05094	Paulinus of Nola, in various letters written between 399 and 408, states that he regularly visits Rome to venerate the apostles and martyrs; initially these visits took place on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) in June; later he made them shortly after Easter. Written in Latin at Nola (southern Italy) and Rome.
E05098	Latin graffito found in a chapel annexed to the church S. Sebastiano (via Appia, Rome), which mentions a Domus Petri/'House of Peter'. Often, possibly wrongly, cited as referring to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Broadly dated by modern scholars: from the late 4th c. to the medieval period.
E05108	Fragmentary Latin epitaph for a woman ‘united with saints’, probably recording a burial ad sanctos. Found at the cemetery ‘ad Catacumbas’, near the church of S. Sebastiano/Basilica Apostolorum, via Appia, Rome. Probably second half of the 4th c.
E05109	Latin epitaph invoking protection for the deceased of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008) as martyrs, not apostles. Found near the church of S. Sebastiano/Basilica Apostolorum at the Cemetery 'ad Catacumbas', via Appia, Rome. Probably 4th c.
E05124	Paulinus of Nola, in a letter to the senator Pammachius of c. 397 (Letter 13), refers to the distribution of alms at the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at the Vatican, Rome; he includes a detailed description of the courtyard in front of the basilica. Written in Latin at Nola (southern Italy).
E05132	Paulinus of Nola, in one of his poems (Natalicium 11), describes the translation to Constantinople of the relics of Timothy (the disciple of Paul, S00466) and Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), attributing this to a desire by Constantine to provide the city with protectors as great as those of Rome; the poem also tells how, at this time, small fragments of these relics were detached and distributed; some are housed and venerated at the shrine of *Felix (priest and confessor of Nola, S00000) at Cimitile/Nola (southern Italy). Written in Latin at Nola, c. 405.
E05169	The Latin Calendar of Sinai records the feasts of saints through the year, followed by a list of the apostles to various regions of Christianity. Written possibly in North Africa, possibly in the 7th/8th c.; preserved in a manuscript, probably of the 9th c., in St Catherine's monastery, Sinai. Basic Entry.
E05217	Hymn (Apostolorum passio), almost certainly by Ambrose of Milan, for the feast day of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin in Milan (northern Italy), probably after 386.
E05246	Painting on the vault of a cubiculum, showing Christ flanked by the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) in the upper register, and, in the lower register, four martyrs labelled with painted Latin inscriptions: Gorgonius (martyr of Rome, S00576), Marcellinus and Petrus (martyrs of Rome, S00577), and *Tiburtius (son of the prefect Chromatius and martyr of Rome, S01404), flanking the Lamb of God. Found in the cemetery inter duas lauros /ad Sanctos Marcellinum et Petrum, via Labicana, Rome. Probably 5th c.
E05253	Latin Orationale of the Old Hispanic Liturgy (Orationale Visigothicum), with prayers used on the feasts of saints in January and February: Iulianus/Ioulianos and Basilissa (martyrs of Antinoopolis, S01341), the Innocents (children killed on the orders of Herod, S00268), Fructuosus, Auguris and Eulogius (bishop and his two deacons, martyrs of Tarragona, S00496), Vincent (deacon of Zaragoza and martyr of Valencia, S00290), the Chair of *Peter the Apostle (S00036). Written perhaps in Tarragona (north-east Hispania), probably in the 7th c. and certainly before 732.
E05288	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (73), mentions a monastery near the church of Peter (probably Petros, bishop and martyr of Alexandria, S00247; or possibly the Apostle, S00036), in Alexandria in Egypt. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05292	Mosaic on the triumphal arch of the church of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura on the via Tiburtina, Rome, with Christ flanked by the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), who are in turn flanked by Laurence/Laurentius (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), presenting to Christ Pope Pelagius II holding a model of the basilica, and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) presenting *Hippolytus (martyr of Rome, S00509). 579/590.
E05316	Maximus of Turin preaches four sermons (Sermons 1, 2, 9 and 110) for the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Delivered in Latin in Turin (northern Italy), between c. 390 and 408/423.
E05317	Maximus of Turin, in a sermon (Sermon 3), rebukes his congregation in Turin (northern Italy) for their poor attendance at the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Delivered in Latin between c. 390 and 408/423.
E05330	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (147-8), recounts stories which circulated in Alexandria, Constantinople, and Rome about Leo I (bishop of Rome, S00423) and his letter to Flavian of Constantinople against Eutyches and Nestorios. He is said to have laid the letter on the tomb in Rome of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), so that Apostle corrected it in his own hand. Moschus also recounts a dream vision of Leo I endorsing the efforts of Patriarch Eulogios I of Alexandria (580-608) on behalf of Chalcedonian Orthodoxy. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05339	Gaudentius of Brescia preaches a sermon (Sermon 20) for the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00009). Delivered in Latin in Milan (northern Italy), before 397.
E05375	Latin epitaph for a boy, decorated with a carving of labelled busts of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008). Found in the cemetery of Hippolytus, via Tiburtina, Rome. Probably 4th c.
E05439	Bede, in his Martyrology, records the feast on 29 January at Rome of Papias and Maurus (soldiers and martyrs of Rome, S02057), who converted after the example of the martyrs Saturninus (S00422) and Sisinnius (S02058), were baptised by Marcellus (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00529), and buried at the fountain of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 725/731.
E05441	Coptic inscription from Wadi Sarga (Upper Egypt), with an invocation of Moses (S00241), Adam (the first man, S00772), Peter (S00036), John the Baptist (S00020), John the virgin (S00042), the Apostles (S00084), and the *Martyrs (S00060); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E05478	Pope Pelagius I, in two letters of 556 (Epistolae Arelatenses, 48 and 49), refers to a gift to the Frankish king Childebert I of relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and of other unnamed saints and martyrs (S00518), to be delivered via Bishop Sapaudus of Arles. Written in Latin in Rome.
E05482	Leo the Great, in several letters written in Latin in Rome between 445 and 454, justifies Rome’s primacy over other episcopal and patriarchal sees (particularly Constantinople and Alexandria) with reference to the primacy over the other Apostles of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and to the status of Mark (the Evangelist, S00293), as Peter's disciple.
E05484	The delegates of the 451 Council of Chalcedon (north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople), congratulate Leo, bishop of Rome, for defending Orthodoxy as the representative of the Apostle Peter (S00036). They also present Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) as a defender of Orthodoxy. Written in Latin in Chalcedon.
E05485	Galla Placidia describes in two letters her veneration at the altar of *Peter (the Apostle S00036) in Rome. Written in Latin at Rome, c. 449.
E05488	Leo the Great composes a Latin sermon (Sermon 82) in Rome in 441 in honour of the feast day of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00009).
E05489	Leo the Great composes a Latin sermon (Sermon 83) in Rome in 443 in honour of the feast day of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00009).
E05490	Leo the Great composes a Latin sermon (Sermon 84) in Rome in 442/3 in which he invokes the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00009) as he rebukes his congregation for their absence from the commemoration of the anniversary of Alaric’s sack of Rome in 410.
E05493	Leo the Great composes several Latin sermons in Rome in 440/461 which refer to Saturday evening vigils conducted in the presence of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036).
E05494	Leo the Great composes four Latin sermons in Rome in 441-444 on the anniversary of his ordination as Pope. In each case, he attributes his authority to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036).
E05555	Venantius Fortunatus writes eleven books of Poems in Latin, mainly in western and north-western Gaul, 565/600; many of them with reference to saints. Overview entry.
E05563	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem (1.2) on the church of *Andrew (the Apostle, S00288) built by Bishop 'Vitalis' of Ravenna, lists the relics housed there. Written in Latin in Ravenna (northern Italy), 545/565.
E05639	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem (2.13) on an oratory built by a certain 'Trasaricus', mentions its relics of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) and Remigius (bishop of Reims, ob. c. 533, S00456); perhaps in Toul (eastern Gaul), in the mid-6th c. Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E05651	Latin Orationale of the Old Hispanic Liturgy (Orationale Visigothicum), with prayers used on the feasts of saints in June and July: Adrianos and Natalia (martyr of Nicomedia and his pious wife, S01342), John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), Iusta and Rufina (martyrs of Seville, S02099), and *Cucuphas (martyr of Barcelona, S00502). Written perhaps in Tarragona (north-east Hispania), probably in the 7th c. and certainly before 732.
E05683	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem (3.7) about the cathedral of Nantes (north-west Gaul), newly built by bishop Felix, and dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), makes a possible reference to relics of the two apostles, and tells how two parts of the building were dedicated respectively to Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183) and Ferreolus (soldier and martyr of Vienne, S01893). Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E05685	Bede, in his Martyrology, records the feast on 17 December of *Ignatius (bishop of Antioch and martyr of Rome, S00649). Written in Latin at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 725/731.
E05690	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poetic epitaph (Poem 4.5) for two bishops of Limoges, grandfather and grandson, both named Ruricius, writes that one constructed a church to Augustine (bishop of Hippo, ob. 430, S00077), the other a church to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), both in Limoges (central Gaul), in 485/560. Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E05710	The (now lost) epitaph of Cædwalla, 'king of the Saxons' (southern Britain), describes his renunciation of his kingdom and journey to Rome in order to visit the shrine of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036); his baptism there and adoption of 'Peter' as his baptismal name; and his burial soon after at Peter's church, on 20 April 689. Inscribed in Latin at St Peter's, Rome, 689/701; recorded by Bede, writing at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 731, and in early medieval sylloges of inscriptions.
E05723	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (14.45), reports that the western emperor Anthemius was murdered in the shrine of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome in 472, where he had taken refuge, ostensibly seeking a healing, but actually seeking sanctuary against the Gothic general Ricimer. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05728	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (15.13), reports that the usurper Leontius was crowned at a church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Tarsus (south-east Asia Minor) in 484. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05793	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, refers to a basilica dedicated to the Apostles, probably Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00009), in Ravenna (northern Italy) and a monasterium dedicated to *Petronilla (daughter of saint Peter and martyr of Rome, S00402). Agnellus claims that bishops of Ravenna were buried here between the mid 4th c. and 521. Account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05806	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, describes a mosaic and quotes a Latin inscription commemorating *Peter (the Apostle S00036) in the episcopal palace in Ravenna (northern Italy); he claims they originate from 450/73. Account written in Latin in Ravenna, 830/846.
E05840	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in January. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05852	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in February. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05856	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in June. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05863	A possibly authentic Anglo-Saxon charter records a grant by Hlothhere, king of the people of Kent (south-east Britain), of land at Stodmarsh, Kent, to the monastery outside Canterbury dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin, probably in Kent, 1 April 675.
E05865	A probably authentic Anglo-Saxon charter records a grant by Eadric, king of the people of Kent (south-east Britain), of land at Stodmarsh, Kent, to the monastery outside Canterbury dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin, probably in Kent, June 686.
E05866	A probably authentic Anglo-Saxon charter records a grant by Oswine, king of the people of Kent (south-east Britain), of land on which iron is mined, to the monastery outside Canterbury dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin, probably in Kent, July 689.
E05867	A probably authentic Anglo-Saxon charter records a grant by Wihtred, king of Kent (south-east Britain) and his wife Æthelburh, of land at Littlebourne, Kent, to the monastery outside Canterbury dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin, probably in Kent, March 696 or 711.
E05869	A probably authentic Anglo-Saxon charter records a grant of Earconwald, bishop (of London, south-east Britain) of freedom from episcopal control to the monastery at Chertsey (near London), whose church is dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), by whose authority any transgressors will be excommunicated. Written in Latin, probably in London, July 678 (or perhaps later)
E05889	Hesychius of Jerusalem composes his Homily 7, On *Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), which he preaches during the saint’s celebration at the church of the Anastasis in Jerusalem on 30 November. Written in Greek at Jerusalem, in the early 5th c.
E05894	Hesychius of Jerusalem composes his Homily 13, On Peter and Paul (the Apostles, S00036 and S00008), which he preaches during their feast on 28 December in Jerusalem. Written in Greek at Jerusalem, in the early 5th c.
E05911	List of litanies and vigils at churches and monasteries of Auxerre (central Gaul), written in Latin at Auxerre in the time of Bishop Aunacharius (561-605), possibly in the period 585/592: churches mentioned are dedicated to Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 448, S00455), Amator (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 418, S01980), Marianus (ascetic of Auxerre, 5th c., S02175), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Valerianus (bishop of Auxerre, 4th c., S02176), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Julian (martyr of Brioude, S00035), and monasteries dedicated to Cyricus/Kyrikos (child martyr of Tarsus, S00007) and (without naming them directly), *Priscus and his companions (martyrs of Auxerre, S02412).
E05912	The will of Desiderius, bishop of Auxerre (ob. 614/627), includes donations to churches and monasteries in and around Auxerre, Sens, Cahors, and Toulouse (in northern and south-west Gaul), dedicated to 16 named saints or pairs of saints. Written in Latin at Auxerre (central Gaul), 605/627.
E05916	List of the churches and monasteries in and around Auxerre (central Gaul) whose clergy were to conduct mass in the cathedral of Auxerre in given weeks throughout the year. Written in Latin at Auxerre (central Gaul) in the time of Bishop Tetricus or Treticus (692-707), probably in the year 692/3. It lists churches dedicated to Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 448, S00455), Amator (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 418, S01980), Marianus (ascetic of Auxerre, 5th c., S02175), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Julian (martyr of Brioude, S00035), Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), Eusebius (probably the bishop of Vercelli, ob. 371, S01219), Nazarius (martyr of Milan, 00281), Memmius (first bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne, S01285), *Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313).
E05919	The Latin Life of the Jura Fathers describes how Agrippinus, Count of Gaul, was released from prison with the help of *Lupicinus (late 5th-century ascetic of the Jura, S00003); in Gaul and Rome in 460/480. Written at Condat in the Jura mountains (modern Saint-Claude in eastern Gaul), about 512/520.
E05946	The Latin Life of the Jura Fathers recounts how Eugendus (ascetic in the Jura mountains, ob. 512/515, S02182) had a dream-vision of the Apostles: Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008) and Andrew (S00288), and how their relics came to the monastery in Condat; 460/496. Written at Condat in the Jura mountains (modern Saint-Claude in eastern Gaul), 512/525.
E05950	Mosaic roundels on the barrel vaults of the Cappella Arcivescovile of Ravenna (northern Italy), with portrait busts of twelve apostles and twelve martyrs (six female, six male); created 494/520.
E05960	In the Latin Whitby Life of *Gregory the Great (bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838), the author notes the lack of miracles attributed to the saint, and theorises on the importance of miracles as proof of sanctity. Written by a monk or nun of Whitby (north-east Britain), 685/714, perhaps 704/14.
E05961	In the Latin Whitby Life of Gregory the Great, (bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838), the author recounts the discovery and translation of the relics of Edwin (king of the Northumbrians, ob. 633, S02159). Written by a monk or nun of Whitby (north-east Britain), 685/714, perhaps 704/14.
E05962	In the Latin Whitby Life of Gregory the Great, (bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838), the author recounts a miracle in Rome, involving the bleeding of cloths consecrated as contact relics of various unspecified martyrs (S00060). Written by a monk or nun of Whitby (north-east Britain), 685/714, perhaps 704/14.
E05964	In the Latin Whitby Life of *Gregory the Great (bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838), the author reports that the saint, through his tears, brought about the posthumous baptism of the emperor Trajan (ob. 117). Written by a monk or nun of Whitby (north-east Britain), 685/714, perhaps 704/14.
E05983	Coptic ostracon from Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt) with a contract and surety, mentioning an institution dedicated to Apa *Petros (possibly the Apostle, S00036) at Pataubasten; datable to the 7th century.
E06018	Mosaics in the dome of the Arian Baptistery of Ravenna (northern Italy), depicting the Apostles; late 5th/early 6th c.
E06027	Mosaics in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna (northern Italy) depicting the Apostles and an unlabelled figure, probably either Vincent (deacon of Zaragoza and martyr of Valencia, S00290) or Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S01229); created 425/450.
E06028	A letter of Pope Pelagius II of 586, to Bishop Aunacharius of Auxerre (northern Gaul), sends contact relics (sanctuaria), probably of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06040	Pope Boniface V, in a letter to Edwin, pagan king of the Northumbrians (northern Britain), urging him to convert to Christianity, states that he is sending him a gold-embroidered shirt and a robe from Ancyra as a 'blessing' from 'your protector' *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Rome, 625; recorded by Bede, writing at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 731.
E06041	Pope Boniface V, in a letter to Æthelburh, queen of the Northumbrians (northern Britain), urging her to persuade her husband to convert to Christianity, states that he is sending her a mirror and a comb as a 'blessing' from 'your protector' *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Rome, 625; recorded by Bede, writing at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 731.
E06042	Pope Vitalianus, in a letter to Oswiu, king of the Northumbrians (northern Britain), states that he is sending him and his wife relics of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00088), Iohannes and Paulus (martyrs of Rome, S00384), Gregory ('the Great,' bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838), and *Pancratius (martyr of Rome, S00307). Written in Latin at Rome, 666/8; recorded by Bede, writing at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 731.
E06047	Mosaics in San Vitale, Ravenna (northern Italy), depicting Vitalis (soldier and martyr of Ravenna, S02826), and busts of the Apostles and *Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313); created c. 549.
E06048	Mosaics from the 6th c. depicting Apollinaris (bishop and martyr of Ravenna, S00331), Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Matthew (the Apostle and Evangelist), possibly Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and several holy bishops of Ravenna in Sant'Apollinare in Classe (near Ravenna, northern Italy), datable 533/549.
E06055	Anonymous sermon ('Eusebius Gallicanus', Sermon 33), on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Preached in Latin in Gaul, probably in the 5th c.
E06060	Adomnán, in his Life of Columba (abbot of Iona, ob. 597, S02167), describes how Columba brought a dead child back to life, thus equalling the prophets Elijah and Elisha (S00217 and S00239] and the apostles Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008) and John (S00042). Written in Latin at Iona, 696/704.
E06095	The will of Bertram/Bertrand, bishop of Le Mans, of 27 March 616, establishes as the bishop's heirs two churches at Le Mans (north-west Gaul), one dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), the other to the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), which Bertram himself had built; and makes provisions concerning numerous properties across Gaul, including churches associated with various saints, mostly in or around Le Mans. Written in Latin at Le Mans.
E06110	Exchange of letters in 521 (Collectio Avellana 233 and 239), between Epiphanius, bishop of Constantinople, and Pope Hormisdas, in which Epiphanius announces his election as bishop and the donation of two chalices, a paten, and two veils to the basilica of St *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at Rome, and Hormisdas acknowledges their receipt. Written in Latin at Constantinople and Rome.
E06224	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the gift of the forest of Cormeilles by Childebert III, king of the Franks, to the women's monastery at Argenteuil (northern Gaul) dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008) and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin, probably at Compiègne (northern Gaul), 697.
E06225	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the foundation and endowment by Sigebert III, king of the Franks, of the monastery at Cugnon-sur-Semois (north-east Gaul) dedicated to the Apostle Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and John (probably the Baptist, S00020), and other unnamed martyrs (S00066). Written in Latin in Gaul, 643/8.
E06226	Two authentic Merovingian royal diplomas record the foundation and endowment by Sigebert III, king of the Franks, of the monasteries at Stavelot and Malmedy (north-east Gaul), which hold relics of, Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and other unnamed saints; and their later confirmation by Theuderic III, king of the Franks; in this confirmation the monasteries are recorded as being in honour of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), of the apostles Peter and Paul, and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, 643/7 and 679/91.
E06227	A substantially authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the immunity confirmed by Clovis III, king of the Franks, to the monastery at Sithiu (now Saint-Bertin) (north-east Gaul) dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008), and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, 692.
E06228	A substantially authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the immunity confirmed by Theuderic III, king of the Franks, to the monastery at Montier-en-Der (north-east Gaul) dedicated to the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin, probably at Compiègne (north-east Gaul), 685.
E06230	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the immunity confirmed by Childebert III, king of the Franks, for the monastery at Fossatus (now Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) (northern Gaul) dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and other *unnamed saints (S00518). Written in Latin in Gaul, 694/711.
E06233	The Formulary of Marculf includes a template for a letter of recommendation for a pilgrim heading to Rome to visit the shrines of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008). Written in Latin in Gaul, probably c. 650/730.
E06245	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem on virginity (8.3), when describing the court of heaven lists numerous saints with the cities of their resting-place. Written in Latin in Gaul, probably in the early 570s.
E06246	Ten episcopal charters of debated authenticity, granting privileges of immunity to monasteries, record various dedications to saints at monastic churches in Gaul. Some of the charters note among their precedents the special privileges already enjoyed by the church at Chalon-sur-Saône dedicated to Marcellus (martyr of Chalon-sur-Saône, S00323) and 'the place of the saints of Agaune' (north-east Gaul), i.e. its monastery dedicated to The Theban Legion (martyrs of Agaune, S00339). Written in Latin in Gaul, 637-92.
E06256	Tírechán, in his Collection, describes how Patrick (missionary and bishop of Ireland, 5th c., S01962) gave Bishop Olcanus relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) and other unnamed saints (S00518), which he wrapped in a veil. Written in Latin in Ireland, probably shortly after c. 668.
E06266	The Latin Life of Lady *Balthild (queen of the Franks, ob. 680, S02359) records the saint's life, death, and one posthumous miracle. Written in Gaul, possibly at the monastery at Chelles (near Paris), 680/690. Overview entry
E06269	Two fragments of the now-lost Latin oldest Life of Amandus (missionary, monastic founder and bishop of Maastricht, ob. c. 675, S00735) survive in a single 8th-c. manuscript. These describe Amandus' first pilgrimage to Rome, where he visited amongst others the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00030), whom he saw in a vision; and where he also collected relics to bring back to Gaul. Later, when Amandus was caught in a storm at sea following a second visit, Peter appeared to him again. Written in Gaul, c. 675/750.
E06275	The Latin Life of *Audoin, Bishop of Rouen (also known as Dado, ob. 686, S02199) records the saint's life, death, translation and miracles, as well as his journeys to Rome and Cologne to collect the relics of other (unnamed) saints. Written in Gaul, probably in Neustria (northern Gaul/Francia), c. 700.
E06301	Audoin's Life of *Eligius (bishop of Noyon, ob. 660, S02032) records across two books the saint's lay and then episcopal career, his posthumous cult, and many miracles. It provides further evidence for many other cults in 7th-century Gaul. Written in Latin in Gaul, possibly in 660/86, with later additions and emendations.
E06316	The Latin Martyrdom of *Germanus (abbot and martyr of Grandval, ob. c. 675, S02401) by Bobolenus records the saint's life at Trier, Remiremont, Luxeuil and Grandval; his murder; and his posthumous cult and miracles. Written perhaps at Grandval, Luxeuil or Lure (all eastern Gaul), or possibly Bobbio (northern Italy), c. 675/700.
E06317	The Latin Life of *Gertrudis (abbess of Nivelles, ob. 659, S02402) records the saint's life, death and burial, and attributes one specific miracle to her. Written probably at Nivelles (north-east Gaul), c. 670.
E06319	The Lives of the Abbots of Habendum (Remiremont, eastern Gaul) records the abbacies and early cults of Amatus (ob. 627, S02407), Romaric (ob. 653, S02973) and *Adelphius (ob. c. 670, S02974). Written in Latin in Gaul, probably at Habendum, c. 670/700.
E06334	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 2.27) of 592, to Mauricius and Vitalianus, military commanders, refers to the help *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) will provide against the Lombards, around the time of his feast. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06343	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 3.33) of 593, to Dynamius, patrician of Gaul, sends a small cross containing fragments of the chains of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and of the gridiron of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037); worn round the neck, this cross will free him from sin and lead him to the Lord. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06345	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 3.47) of 593, to Columbus, a bishop of Numidia (central North Africa), sends a key containing a fragment of the chains of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06351	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 4.30) of 594, to the Empress Constantina, rejects her request for the head of Paul (the Apostle, S00008) for a church of Paul she was building in the imperial palace in Constantinople, and condemns the 'Greek' practise of disturbing the corporeal relics of the saints; Gregory writes that those who inadvertently opened the grave of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) all died soon after, and explains the papal practice of creating cloth contact-relics of the saints (brandea); he sends the empress filings taken from the chains that had once bound Paul. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06353	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 5.11) of 594, to Iohannes, bishop of Ravenna (northern Italy), restricts his use of the pallium to certain feast days. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06359	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 5.50) of 595, to Fortunatus, bishop of Naples, mentions the abbot of a monastery of Saint Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and an oratory dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00008) and *Michael (the Archangel, S00181), both presumably in the diocese of Naples (southern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06363	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 6.6) of 595, to Childebert II, king of the Franks, sends keys containing fragments of the chains of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), which will protect him from all ills if worn round his neck. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06365	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 6.19) of 595, to Dominicus, bishop of Carthage (central North Africa), suggests that they pray for each other before the bodies, respectively, of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S00411). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06366	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 6.22) of 596, to Petrus, bishop of Aleria in Corsica, orders the foundation of a church and baptistery in honour of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) in Negeunus (Corsica), and the deposition of contact relics (sanctuaria) therein. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06370	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 6.50) of 596, to Palladius, bishop of Saintes (western Gaul), discusses a church in Saintes to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036; S00008), and the Roman martyrs Laurence and Pancratius (S00037; S00307), and mentions the despatch of relics of these four saints for altars in the church. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06371	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 6.58) of 596, to Brunhild, queen of the Franks, grants her relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036; S00008), and enjoins her that they be treated with due respect. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06374	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 7.19) of 597, to Cyprianus, deacon of the Sicilian patrimony, asks him to encourage the bishops of Sicily to come for a meeting in Rome at the time of the feast of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06375	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 7.23) of 597, to Theoctista, the sister of the emperor Maurice, sends a key 'from the body' of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and describes a punishing miracle that this key has already effected. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06376	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 7.36) of 597, to Iohannes, bishop of Syracuse, asks him to resolve a dispute between a monastery dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and the monastery of Lucia (virgin and martyr of Syracuse, S00846) in Syracuse (Sicily). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06377	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 8.5) of 597, to Venantius, bishop of Luna, gives orders for the provisioning of a new female monastery within his city, dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome, S00384), Hermes (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus, S00404) and Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S05110); and for the consecration of the monastery's oratory in the countryside nearby; all at Luna (northern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06380	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 8.22) of 598, to the noblewoman Rusticiana in Constantinople, refers to the protection *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) gives to the city of Rome. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06392	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.72) of 598, to Passivus, bishop of Fermo, refers to the foundation and consecration of an oratory dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Teramo (central Italy), and the reception there of contact relics (sanctuaria) of the saint. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06396	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.131) of 599, to the defensor Romanus in Syracuse, mentions a bequest to a hostel (xenodochium) dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), possibly in Syracuse (Sicily). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06397	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 9.148) of 599, to Secundinus, an anchorite monk, sends a gift of incense, aloes, storax and balsam, to be offered to unnamed martyrs, and asks God, through the intercession of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), to protect the monk. Written in Latin in Rome; the text seemingly altered in the 8th c.
E06398	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.155) of 599, to Callinicus, exarch of Italy, mentions Callinicus’ intention to travel to Rome to celebrate the feast day of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), presumably from Ravenna (northern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06410	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.229b) of 599, to Reccared, king of the Visigoths, mentions relics he has sent the king: a reliquary in the shape of a key, containing iron from the chains that had bound Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and a cross containing both a fragment of the True Cross and some hair of John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06411	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.233) of 599, to Decius, bishop of Lilybaeum, asks him to consecrate a female monastery dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S01229), Hermes (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus, S00404), Pancratius (martyr of Rome, S00307), Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400), and Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), inside the city of Lilybaeum (Sicily). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06418	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 11.16) of 600, to John, sub-deacon of Ravenna, mentions an oath taken before the body of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06421	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 11.26) of 601, to Rusticiana, noblewoman resident in Constantinople, thanks her for a gift of hangings (vela) for the basilica of Peter (the apostle, S00036) and of alms (elemosina) for the monastery of Andrew (the Apostle, S00288) on the clivus Scauri in Rome; also recounts some miracles occurring at the monastery. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06422	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 11.43) of 601, to Asclepiodatus, a patrician of Gaul, sends a key containing a fragment of the chains that once bound *Peter (the Apostle, S00036); worn round the neck, the key will protect the recipient from every adversity. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06427	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 12.2) of 601, to Sabinella, Columba and Galla, three noblewomen of North Africa, sends a key containing a fragment of the chains of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036); hung round the neck, it will grant them the grace of absolution. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06428	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 13.5) of 602, to Brunhild, queen of the Franks, mentions a church dedicated to Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050) in the suburbs of Autun (central Gaul); he also refers to an oath sworn before the body of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06435	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 13.35) of 603, to Pantaleo, papal notary, reminds him of the oath he took before the body of *Peter (the apostle, S00036) in Rome. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06436	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 13.43) of 603, to Eulogius, bishop of Alexandria (Lower Egypt), sends a small cross containing fragments of the chains of the apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008); he encourages Eulogius to place the cross over his eyes, since these relics often effect miracles. Gregory also thanks Eulogius for a gift of relics of *Mark (the Evangelist, S00293). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06446	Gregory the Great, in a general admonition (Register, Appendix 4), encourages participation in the annual 'greater litany' (laetania maior), with a supplicatory procession from the church of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S01229) 'of Lucina', to that of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) [at the Vatican]; all in Rome, 590/604. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06450	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register, Appendix 10) of 599, to Secundinus, an anchorite, sends images of Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), as well as a cross and a key, the latter probably containing a relic. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06466	The Latin Life of *Maurilius (bishop of Angers, ob. 453, S02421), primarily an account of the saint's many lifetime miracles, is written by Magnobodus, bishop of Angers (north-west Gaul), in about 620.
E06468	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Euthymios (monastic founder in Palestine, οb. 472, S01352), recounting his life as a miracle-working ascetic, adding a set of posthumous miracle stories, and including references to the cult of several other saints. Written in Greek at the New Laura in Palestine, in 555/557. Overview entry
E06492	The Latin Life of *Rusticula, also known as Marcia (abbess of Arles, ob. 627/632, S02433), is written by the presbyter Florentius; it recounts her pious childhood, her many years as abbess of the monastery of saint John at Arles (southern Gaul), her political travails, and several lifetime and posthumous miracles. Written in southern Gaul, c. 627/640. Overview entry.
E06502	The Latin Life of *Wandregisel (founder and abbot of Fontenelle, ob. 668, S02446) recounts the abbot's life, miracles and death; it survives in a near-contemporary manuscript. Written probably at Fontenelle (northern Gaul), 668/c.700
E06586	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in June.
E06587	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in July.
E06595	Sidonius Apollinaris in his Letter 1.5 to Heronius, of 467/470, describes his visit to Rome, where, before entering the city, he visited the churches of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin at Clermont (central Gaul).
E06661	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Sergius I grants special rights to the monastery at Malmesbury dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and to another besides the river Frome (both south-west Britain) dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00036). Written in Latin at Rome, 687/701, probably in 689.
E06788	Latin papyrus preserved in Monza (northern Italy) listing the 'oils of the holy martyrs who in body rest in Rome' brought from Rome for Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards, naming many Roman saints. Written at Monza or Rome, 590/604; preserved in its original copy.
E06908	Document of Pope Honorius I granting privileges to the monastery of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) at Bobbio, northern Italy. Written in Latin in Rome in 628.
E06909	The ‘General Decretal’ preserved among the letters of Pope Gelasius I, of 494, states that virgins ought to be consecrated only on certain feast days, including those 'of the Apostles', presumably Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008).
E06916	Aldhelm's poem On the Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul records the dedication of a church to the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), presumably in Britain, perhaps at Malmesbury (south-west Britain). Written in Latin in southern Britain, c. 670/710.
E06919	Aldhelm, in his poem On the Altars of the Twelve Apostles, records the dedication of an altar (and/or apse) to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), presumably in Britain. Written in Latin in southern Britain, c. 670/710.
E06933	The Book of the Angel outlines the privileges of the church at Armagh (north-east Ireland) associated with Patrick (missionary and bishop of Ireland, 5th c., S01962), based in part on the honour due to (its relics of) Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), as well as a relic of the blood of Christ. An addendum delineates the relationship between the churches in Ireland of Patrick and those of Brigit (abbess of Kildare, ob. c. 525, S01885). Written in Latin at Armagh, perhaps as early as c. 640/60.
E06969	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Agatho grants special rights to the monastery outside Canterbury (south-east Britain) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin at Rome, 678/81.
E06970	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Agatho grants special rights to the monastery at Chertsey (near London), whose oratory is dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Rome, 678/81.
E06971	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Theodore grants special rights to the monastery at Bobbio (northern Italy) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin at Rome, 4 May 643.
E06972	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope John IV in 640/2 grants special rights to a now-unidentifiable women's monastery in Gaul, possibly at or near Sens (northern Gaul), dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), Columba (virgin and martyr of Sens, S01862), *Agatha (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794), and other unnamed martyrs. Written in Latin at Rome.
E06973	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope John IV grants special rights to the monastery at Luxeuil (eastern Gaul) dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Rome, 640/2.
E06974	A possibly partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope John IV grants special rights to the monastery at Rebais (north-east Gaul) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin at Rome, 11 July, 641/2.
E06976	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Eugenius I grants special rights to the monastery at Agaune (south-east Gaul) dedicated to *Maurice and the Theban Legion (martyrs of Agaune, S00339). Written in Latin at Rome, 654/7.
E06977	A probably authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Adeodatus II grants special rights to the monastery at Tours (north-west Gaul) dedicated to *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050). Written in Latin at Rome, 672/6.
E06981	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the graves of the martyrs around Rome, lists those on the via Cornelia, north-west of the city, opening with that of *Peter (the Apostle, S00030). Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E06992	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the graves of the martyrs around Rome, lists those on the via Appia, south of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E07001	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the martyrs' burials around Rome, is followed by an Appendix listing 21 churches dedicated to saints within the Aurelianic walls of Rome. Written in Latin in Rome, certainly after 625 and before 790, possibly in 642/683.
E07074	In the Latin Life of Lady Balthild (queen of the Franks, ob. 680, S02359), the author reports that the saint gave special privileges to the 'senior basilicas' in Gaul, dedicated to Dionysius (bishop and martyr of Paris, S00349), Germanus (bishop of Paris, ob. 576, S01166), Medard (bishop of Vermand buried at Soissons, ob. c. 560, S00168), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Anianus (bishop of Orléans, ob. 453, S01206), and *Martin (bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050). Written in Gaul/Francia, possibly at the monastery at Chelles (near Paris), 680/90.
E07075	In the Latin Life of Lady Balthild (queen of the Franks, ob. 680, S02359), the author recalls how Queen Clotild, the wife of Clovis, founded a church dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Paris; a church dedicated to *George (soldier and martyr, S00259) at the monastery of Chelles (near Paris); and other churches dedicated to saints (here unnamed). Written in Gaul, possibly at the monastery at Chelles, 680/90.
E07086	Avitus of Vienne in his Letter 29, written to Pope Symmachus in Rome on behalf of Sigismund, king of the Burgundians, recounts how he (Sigismund) had distributed relics of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Gaul, and asks for further relics. Written in Latin in Vienne (south-east Gaul), 498/514.
E07087	Avitus of Vienne in his Letter 31, written to Sigismund, king of the Burgundians, refers to the feast of the king's apostolic patron, almost certainly *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Vienne (south-east Gaul), 501/518.
E07088	Avitus of Vienne in his Letter 32, written to Sigismund, king of the Burgundians, refers to the feast of an apostle, almost certainly *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Vienne (south-east Gaul), 501/514.
E07089	Avitus of Vienne in his Letter 50, written to the dux Arigius, explains that he must attend the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) in Vienne and so cannot attend the dedication of a new church built by Arigius, possibly to the same apostles. Written in Latin in Vienne (south-east Gaul), 494/518 (probably shortly after 500).
E07117	Avitus of Vienne delivers a homily (Homily 21) in a church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), founded by Bishop Sanctus of Tarentasia, the present-day Tarentaise (south-east Gaul), probably at its dedication; he mentions relics of the chains of Peter. Delivered in Latin in Tarentasia, 494/518.
E07120	The prologue to a work in Latin on computing the date of Easter refers to the martyrdoms of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and Paul (the Apostle, S00008), Augustinus and Felicitas (martyrs of Capua, S01993), Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S00411), Marcellinus and Petrus (martyrs of Rome, S00577), Domnius (martyr of Salona, S01002), and Felix (martyr of Salona, S02978). Written in 395, probably in Italy, and known by various titles including the Prologus Paschae ad Vitalem, and the Short Chronicle.
E07149	Latin poem by Pope Damasus to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), originally inscribed in the baptistery at St Peter's, Rome. Written in Rome, 366/384.
E07369	Fragmentary Latin inscription referring to relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), found in Carthage (central North Africa), probably mid-4th/late 5th c.
E07376	Four Lombard royal diplomas record grants of rights and privileges to the monastery dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at Bobbio (northern Italy). Written in Latin at Milan and Pavia (northern Italy), c. 613-652.
E07379	William of Malmesbury, in his On the Antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury, quotes an inscription recording the dedication of a church at Glastonbury (south-west Britain) to the apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) during the reign of Ine, king of the West Saxons. Written in Latin at Glastonbury, purportedly 688/726; recorded at Glastonbury or Malmesbury (south-west Britain), c. 1129.
E07402	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 11.37) of 22 June 601, to Æthelbert, 'king of the Angles' (Kent, southern Britain) remarks that he is sending the king gifts with the 'blessing' (benedictio) of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), possibly contact relics of some kind; later reproduced in the Ecclesiastical History of Bede, writing at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 731. Written in Latin in Rome.
E07429	The Hymn of Secundius praises Patrick (missionary and bishop of Ireland, 5th c.), and equates him with the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Latin in Ireland, 450/650.
E07430	Columbanus, in a letter to Pope Boniface IV (608-615), states that the Irish are 'disciples' of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), whose relics have made the bishops (or clergy/people) of Rome 'favoured' (felices). Written in Latin at Milan, 613.
E07433	A Lain inscription on a stone slab at Whithorn (north-west Britain) refers to a 'place' (locus) of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written at Whithorn, c. 500/700.
E07467	Very fragmentary painted Latin inscription, possibly referring to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and Emerentiana (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00495). Found in the Coemeterium Maius / Catacombe di Sant'Emerenziana on the via Nomentana, Rome. Probably late 4th - early 5th c. [provisional entry]
E07468	Very fragmentary painted Latin and Greek inscriptions, allegedly referring to the see of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and to Papias (martyr of Rome, S02057). Found in the Coemeterium Maius / Catacombe di Sant'Emerenziana on the via Nomentana, Rome. Probably late 4th - early 5th c. [provisional entry]
E07485	The Fifteenth Council of Toledo (central Hispania) in 688 is held in the basilica of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008) according to the Latin acts of the council.
E07486	The Sixteenth Council of Toledo (central Hispania) in 693 is held in the basilica of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), according to the Latin acts of the council.
E07493	Latin epitaph for a woman, expressing her wish of eternal life 'in the name of Peter' (the Apostle, S00036). Now lost, but probably displayed in the Cemetery of Priscilla, or elsewhere on the via Salaria, Rome. Probably second half of the 4th c. [provisional entry; description needed]
E07517	Funerary plaque with a carving showing unlabelled figures of Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008) the Apostles, and Christ in the scene of the traditio legis. Found in the Catacombs of Priscilla on the via Salaria, Rome. Probably late 4th c. [provisional entry]
E07547	Greek inscription naming an oratory of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Found at Kapraklar near ancient Hyllarima (Caria, western Asia Minor). Probably 5th or 6th c.
E07577	The Latin Life of Memmius (first bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne, S01285) tells how Memmius was sent from Rome by Peter (the Apostle, S00036) to preach in Gaul, together with Dionysius (bishop and martyr of Paris, S00349), Eucharius (bishop of Trier, 00469), *Sixtus and Sinicius (first bishops of Reims, S02452; Sinicius identified in the Life as bishop of Soissons), and Savinianus, first bishop of Sens, six further unnamed bishops, and two deacons. When one of these dies on the journey, Memmius brings him back to life by placing St Peter's garment on his body. Miracles performed by Memmius at Châlons are described, by which he overcomes pagan opposition to his presence, and is established as bishop; he is joined by his sister, Poma, who also performs miracles. After eighty years as bishop of Châlons, he dies and is buried in a church there, where miracles continue at his tomb. Written in Latin, presumably in Châlons (northern Gaul), at an uncertain date, no later than the 9th c. Full text, and full English translation.
E07613	The Latin Deeds of *Austremonius (martyr and first bishop of Clermont, S01255) by Praeiectus of Clermont tells how the saint was sent from Rome with other apostles to Gaul by Pope Clement; of his foundation of the church of Clermont and monastery of Issoire; of his miracles; and of his martyrdom by Jews (together with an unnamed baptised Jewish boy). Written at Issoire or Clermont (both central Gaul), c. 650/75.
E07615	Jonas' Lives of Columbanus (monk and missionary in Ireland, Gaul and Italy, ob. 615, S01983) and his Disciples records the life, miracles and death of the saint, followed by accounts of miracles performed through Athala (second abbot of Bobbio (northern Italy), ob. 625/6 S01948), Eustasius (second abbot of Luxeuil (eastern Gaul), ob. 629, S02255) and Bertulf (third abbot of Bobbio, ob. 639, S02828), together with those that took place among the nuns of Faremoutiers (northern Gaul). Written in Latin, possibly at Marchiennes (north-east Gaul), 642/3.
E07616	The Latin Acts of *Aunemund (bishop and martyr of Lyon, ob. 660/664, S00731) record the saint's life, martyrdom and posthumous miracles. Written in Gaul, perhaps at Lyon, possibly in the 7th c., with 9th c. (or later) adaptations.
E07666	On the Miracles which Took Place after the Death of the Blessed Abbess *Gertrudis (of Nivelles, ob. 659, S02402) supplements the saint's Life with nine miracle stories, many involving the bed on which she died. Written in Latin, probably at Nivelles (north-east Gaul), 691/c.700.
E07698	The second Latin Martyrdom of *Desiderius (bishop and martyr of Vienne (south-east Gaul), ob. 606/7, S01171) records the bishop's miracles, martyrdom and cult, culminating in the translation of his body from Prisciniacum to Vienne. Written in Gaul, probably at Vienne, 613/c.650.
E07739	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.5), describes how Aravatius/Servatius (bishop of Tongeren, mid-4th c. [believed by Gregory to have been bishop of Maastricht, mid-5th c.], S01289), travelled to Rome to pray at the shrine of 'the Apostle', probably Peter (the Apostle, S00036) or perhaps *Paul (the Apostle, S00008), that his see would be protected from the Huns. Instead he is told that he will die before the Huns' invasion takes place. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E07748	List of relics and diptych from the monastery of the Holy Apostles (S02422) and Martyrs (S02818) at Arles (southern Gaul), giving the names of saints whose relics were deposited in the monastery and the people for whom prayers were to be offered in the liturgy. The list contains the names of all the Apostles, as well as Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), John the Baptist (S00020), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), together with four Gallic martyrs, Genesius (martyr of Arles, S00263), Symphorianus (martyr of Autun, S00322), Baudilius (martyr of Nîmes, S00383), and Victor (martyr of Marseille, S00382), and three Gallic bishops, Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491). Written in Latin at Arles, in 600/650.
E07750	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (3.18), describes how Queen Clotild buried her murdered grandsons in the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Paris, c. 530. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E07755	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (4.31), refers to a church in Clermont dedicated to Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), and another to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), during his account of the plague which struck Gaul in 571. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594..
E07793	Will of Burgundofara, disciple of Columbanus and monastic founder, including donations to her monastic community, dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Peter (the Apostle, S00036), at Faremoutiers, northern Gaul. Written in Latin at Faremoutiers, 633/4.
E07795	'Testament' of Leodebodus, abbot of the monastery of St Anianus at Orléans (north-west Gaul), granting property to the church of Anianus (bishop of Orléans, S01206) at Orléans, the church of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) at Fleury (near Orléans), and establishing a monastery at Fleury dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Orléans, 640/650.
E07796	Will of Hadoind, bishop of Le Mans, of 643, leaving property to the cathedral at Le Mans, dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313), and to the churches at Le Mans of Victorius (bishop of Le Mans, ob. c. 490), of the apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and of *Vincent (deacon of Zaragoza and martyr of Valencia, S00290); also to the church of Mary at Évron (in the territory of Le Mans) Written in Latin at Le Mans (north-west Gaul).
E07831	The author of the Copenhagen Continuation of Prosper, an anonymous continuation of the Latin chronicle of Prosper of Aquitaine, says that when the Lombard king Agilulf besieged Rome in 593, Pope Gregory met him at the steps of St *Peter's (S00036) basilica on the Vatican, and persuaded him to lift the siege. Written in northern Italy, c. 625.
E07844	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poetic epitaph (4.26) for a young woman named Vilithuta (Poem 4.26), depicts patriarchs, apostles, and celebrated virginal saints taking part in the judgement of sinners after death, mentioning Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), Enoch (Old Testament Patriarch, S00762), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033), Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), and Agatha (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794). Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E07847	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem (10.7) for the feast day of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), depicts Martin in heaven with Christ, the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), Eugenia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00401), and *Radegund (former queen and monastic founder, ob. 587, S00182), who had died not long before the composition of the poem. Written in Latin in Gaul, 587/588.
E07858	Latin inscription marking the memoria (probably relics) of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), found in Tipasa (Mauretania Caesariensis, western North Africa). Probably 350/450.
E07884	The Itinerarium Malmesburiense, a guide to saints' graves around and within Rome, lists those outside the porta Cornelia (now called saint Peter's gate) on the via Cornelia, north-west of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E07892	The Itinerarium Malmesburiense, a guide to saints' graves around and within Rome, lists those outside the porta Appia on the via Appia, south of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E07920	Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, in his list of holy sites within Jerusalem, notes churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and of Sophia (personified Holy Wisdom, S00705). Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E07942	The Breviarius, a brief guide to the holy places of Jerusalem, which survives in two distinct versions, mentions a number of buildings and relics associated with saints and Old Testament figures. Written in Latin, presumably in Jerusalem, perhaps (in its two surviving states) around AD 500.
E07974	The Paschal Chronicle records that the vanguard of the Avar army arrived at Constantinople during the siege of 626 on the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07997	Jerome, in his Life of Hilarion, mentions a demoniac who was tormented at the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00035) and got healed by Hilarion (anchorite in Palestine and Cyprus, ob. 371, S00099) in Sicily. Written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine) in the early 390s.
E08033	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6064) mentions under the year 571/572 that the emperor Justin II built churches in Constantinople dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and expanded the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08045	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6121) states that the Pope signed the condemnation of the heretical former bishop of Constantinople Pyrrhus at the tomb of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08080	Latin inscription by a certain presbyter Severus commemorating his dedication to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and mentioning the titulus-church of Clemens/Clement (bishop of Rome, martyr of the Crimea, S00111), the present-day San Clemente. Found in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome. Dated 533.
E08115	The so-called Barbarus Scaligeri, a Latin translation of a lost Greek chronography dating from the 6th c., records the martyrdom of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and Paul (the Apostle, S00008).
E08142	Procopius of Caesarea, in his Wars, refers to gates in the walls of Rome named after Pancratius (martyr of Rome, S00307), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and *Paul (the Apostle, S00008), during the Gothic sieges of 537-8 and 549. Written in Greek at Constantinople c. 551.
E08143	Procopius of Caesarea, in his Wars, refers to the colonnade leading from the Mausoleum of Hadrian (Castel Sant'Angelo) to the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on the Vatican, Rome, in his account of the Gothic siege of Rome in 537-538. Written in Greek at Constantinople c. 551.
E08144	Procopius of Caesarea, in his Wars, describes how a section of the walls of Rome was believed to be protected miraculously by *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in his account of the Gothic siege of Rome in 537-538. Written in Greek at Constantinople c. 551.
E08146	Procopius of Caesarea, in his Wars, describes how, when Rome was captured by the Goths in 546, many people took refuge at the shrine of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and other shrines, and how the Gothic king Totila went there to pray after his victory. Written in Greek at Constantinople c. 551.
E08147	Procopius of Caesarea, in his Wars, describes the location of the basilica of Paul (the Apostle, S00008) outside the walls of Rome (San Paolo fuori le mura) and mentions that both it and the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on the Vatican were respected by the Goths during their operations at Rome during the war of 536-552 Written in Greek at Constantinople c. 551.
E08161	Latin inscriptions, both referring to Peter (the Apostle, E00036), on two keystones of a church in Sicca Veneria (Proconsularis, central North Africa). 6th/7th c.
E08220	The Latin Life and Acts of *Desiderius (bishop of Cahors, ob. 655, S02958) is a composite text, combining documentary records concerning the bishop, with an account of his life, death and miracles. Written in Gaul, probably at Cahors (south-west Gaul), perhaps c. 670/700, with later amendments and miracle stories, 8th-9th c.
E08222	The Gothic Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710. Overview entry.
E08229	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day of *Clement (bishop of Rome and martyr of the Crimea, S00111). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08234	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day honouring the chair of *Peter (the Apostle, S00008). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08236	The Gothic Missal includes prayers to be performed on rogation (fasting) days at churches dedicated to various named saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08239	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the shared feast day of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) and Paul (the Apostle, S00008). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08256	Latin inscription recording the presence of relics of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Felix (possibly the martyr of Gerona, S00408), and *Vincentius (probably the deacon of Zaragoza and martyr of Valencia, S00290). Found near Calama (Numidia, central North Africa). Probably 6th/7th c.
E08258	A geographical text known as the Cosmographia of Pseudo-Aethicus associates bridges and streets in Rome with Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and *Felix (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Portuensis, S02672). Written in Latin in Italy, in the 5th or early 6th century.
E08260	In letters from December 418 and January 419 (Collectio Avellana 14 and 16), the Prefect of the City of Rome reports to the emperor on the disputed papal election which followed the death of Pope Zosimus, mentioning that one of the claimants, Bonifatius/Boniface, was consecrated as bishop in a church of Marcellus (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00529), and that he and the other claimant, Eulalius, held rival services for Epiphany in the basilicas of Paul (the Apostle, S00008) on the via Ostiensis, and of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on the Vatican. Written in Latin at Rome.
E08275	Pope Vigilius, in a letter of 552, describes how he took refuge in the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in the Hormisdas district of Constantinople in 551 during the Three Chapters controversy. Written in Latin in Chalcedon.
E08288	Avitus of Vienne delivers a homily (Homily 28/29), for the dedication of a church of the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), somewhere in the region of Vienne (south-east Gaul), perhaps with relics of the chains of Peter. Delivered in Latin in the region of Vienne, 494/518.
E08298	Victor of Vita, in his History of the Vandal Persecution (Book 3.69), invokes the intercession of the Patriarchs, the Prophets and the Apostles, and specifically that of Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), on behalf of Africa under Vandal Arian persecution. Written in Latin, probably in Carthage (central North Africa), 484/489.
E08315	35 relic labels at Sens (northern Gaul), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of a great diversity of saints. Written in Latin, perhaps at Sens, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.
E08318	Letter from Italian, probably Milanese, clerics to a group of Frankish envoys on their way to Constantinople describing how Pope Vigilius took refuge in a church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Constantinople in 551, when he was pressured by Justinian to condemn the Three Chapters. Written in Latin, probably in Milan, 551/2.
E08325	Jerome responds to the treatise of the Gallic cleric Vigilantius, written and distributed in Gaul in the early 400s, which attacked some new religious practices, including the cult of relics. Jerome defends them all, justifies the cult of relics, and lists examples of their veneration. Against Vigilantius, written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine) in 406. Overview entry
E08330	Haregarius, Truda and Tenestina establish and endow a monastery dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and to the apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008) at Le Mans (north-west Gaul); later the monastery is granted to Tenestina in precarial tenure; charters written in Latin in Le Mans, possibly in 513 and 524, or in 696/7 and 708.
E08332	Latin dedicatory inscription of the church of *Peter the Apostle (S00036) in Antequera (southern Hispania), probably 7th c.
E08335	The Bobbio Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in south-east Gaul, perhaps at or near Vienne, c. 675/725.
E08342	Jerome, responding to a no-longer extant treatise by Vigilantius criticising the cult of relics, written and distributed in Gaul in the early 400s, quotes the example of the bishops of Rome, who celebrate the eucharist over the graves of the Apostles Peter (00008) and Paul (00036), and refutes Vigilantius' mockery of the link between the souls and the bodies of the martyrs. Against Vigilantius, written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine) in 406.
E08343	The coffin of Cuthbert (bishop and anchorite of Lindisfarne, ob. 687, S01955) is constructed of oak and decorated with images of the archangels, apostles, evangelists and Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), whose names are inscribed in Latin (some with runic letters). Made for the saint's translation at Lindisfarne, 698.
E08347	Jerome answers Vigilantius of Calagurris' criticism of the cult of relics, using mostly scriptural arguments and attacking his opponent. Jerome, Letter 109, written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine) in 404.
E08348	Pope Pelagius I, in a letter of 558/9, sends relics of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) to Eutychius, bishop of Constantinople: contact relics (sanctuaria), filings from Peter's chains, and a tunic which had been placed for three days in an 'inner part' of Peter's tomb. Written in Latin at Rome.
E08349	Venantius Fortunatus writes the Life of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050). It is an adaptation in epic verse of the Life of Martin and books 2 and 3 of the Dialogues of Sulpicius Severus; in a final envoi, the book travels from Poitiers to Fortunatus' home city of Ravenna, stopping at the shrines of many saints along the way. Written in Latin, in Poitiers (western Gaul), between 573 and 576. Overview entry.
E08363	Seven relic labels from Cantù (north-west Italy), datable by their script to c. 700, for relics of various saints. Written in Latin, perhaps at Cantù, or possibly Rome or Milan.
E08364	Latin inscription recording the renovation and re-dedication of a church to the Apostles *Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008). Found at Aïn Ghorab, in the region of Theveste (Numidia, central North Africa). Later 5th/6th c.
E08375	The anonymous author of the Theodoriciana (the so-called Anonymus Valesianus pars posterior) tells of the visit of Theoderic to Rome in 500 and his veneration there of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin probably in Ravenna (northern Italy) in the mid-6th century.
E08391	The canons of the church council of Paris (northern Gaul) of 614 record that it met in the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Paris in 614.
E08396	The will of Romulf, bishop of Reims (c. 590-596/613), leaves property to the matricola of Martialis (first bishop of Limoges, S01168), the church of Remigius (bishop of Reims, ob. c. 533, S00456), a female monastery of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and other unnamed churches in Reims, Soissons and Tours (all northern Gaul). Will of c. 590/596; summary, written in Latin in the 940s by Flodoard, in his History of the Church of Reims (2.4).
E08397	The will of Somnatius, bishop of Reims (c. 613 - after 626), leaves property and money to many churches at Reims and elsewhere in northern Gaul. Will of c. 620; summary, written in Latin in the 940s by Flodoard, in his History of the Church of Reims (2.5).
E08398	The will of Lando, bishop of Reims (mid-7th c.), leaves property to many churches of Reims. Will of mid-7th c.; summary, written in Latin in the 940s by Flodoard, in his History of the Church of Reims (2.6).
E08404	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma in the name of Sigibert III, king of the Franks, records that the king had previously granted the villa of Trébosc (south-west Gaul) property to the cathedral dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at Cologne and that dedicated to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at Metz (both north-east Gaul). Written in Latin in Gaul, 640/7.
E08406	A charter issued by Wademer and his wife Ercamberta grants properties to churches dedicated to diverse saints in Paris and elsewhere in northern Gaul, including one dedicated to *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050) at Précy, where they wish to be buried. Written in Latin, probably at Chambly (northern Gaul), 690/91.
E08408	The will of Ermentrude/Erminethrudis outlines the arrangements for numerous bequests of possessions, properties and slaves; among the beneficiaries are churches dedicated to various saints in or near Paris (northern Gaul). Written in Latin at Paris, 6th or 7th c, perhaps c. 630, or after c. 650.
E08409	A charter issued in the name of Abbess Irmina records her grant of the villa of Echternach (north-east Gaul) to Bishop Willibrord, together with the monastery she has founded there, with basilicas dedicated to the Trinity, Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008), and other unnamed saints; two later charters of Irmina record further donations to these churches. Written in Latin at Trier (north-east Gaul), 697/8-99.
E08412	A charter of debated authenticity records the foundation by Ansemund and his wife Ansleubana of a female monastery dedicated to Andrew (the Apostle, S00288) at Vienne (south-east Gaul), where the couple will be buried; it refers also to an older foundation at the city dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Gaul, possibly in Vienne, 558/61.
E08413	The will of Leudegar, bishop of Autun, records arrangements for the church of Nazarius (martyr of Milan, S00281) at Autun (central Gaul), and an alms-house (matricula) built at the church's door. It ends with an anathema invoking Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Cressy-sur-Somme, 675/6.
E08427	A charter issued by Aquilinus, bishop of Narbonne (south-west Gaul) records his gift of properties to the monastery at Asán (north-east Hispania) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin, perhaps at Narbonne, 22 February 576.
E08428	A charter/royal diploma issued by Reccared, king of the Visigoths, records his gift of fiscal properties to the monastery at Asán (north-east Hispania) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Vincent (deacon of Zaragoza and martyr of Valencia, S00290), Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407), and Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050). Written in Latin at Toledo (central Hispania), 13 December 586.
E08473	A homily, 'On the Robe', probably by Theodore Syncellus, celebrates the recent return of the robe of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) to her church at Blachernae. The homily tells how the robe was acquired in the region of Nazareth and brought to Constantinople, where the emperor Leo I [r. 457-474] housed it appropriately at Blachernae; how, faced by an Avar threat [in 623], it was taken to safety inside the walls, to the church of Hagia Sophia, and then solemnly returned when the threat was lifted; and how, during this process, the reliquary was opened and the woollen robe found to be intact. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 623/624.
E08514	A church council is held in the basilica of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Paris (northern Gaul) in 573. Written in Latin in Paris.
E08515	Eustratius, in his Life of Eutychios (patriarch of Constantinople, ob. 582,S01383), tells how Peter (the Apostle, S00036) appeared in a dream-vision to the emperor Justinian and told him to appoint Eutychios as patriarch of Constantinople; in 552. Written in Greek in 583, or soon after.
E08570	Mosaic of Christ flanked by the twelve *Apostles (S02422), on the triumphal arch over the central apse of the basilica of Eufrasius at Poreč (ancient Parentium) on Istria. Datable to the mid-6th c.

The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity

from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world

Peter, the Apostle

S00036

BHG 1483-1501, BHL 6644-6688

54

69

Male

Twelve Apostles and Paul, Miracle-workers in lifetime, Martyrs, Bishops