Record | The Cult of Saints

Name

John the Baptist

Saint ID

S00020

Number in BH

BHG 831-867
BHL 4290-4315

Reported Death Not Before

30

Reported Death Not After

35

Gender

Male

Type of Saint

Other New Testament saints, Martyrs

Related Evidence Records

ID	Title
E00019	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (8.10.1), mentions the coronation in 602 of the usurping emperor Phocas at the church of *John the Baptist (S00020) in the Hebdomon suburb of Constantinople. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00020	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (1.14.7-8), reports the destruction in 585 by an invading Persian army of a church of *John the Baptist (S00020) with monastery near Martyropolis (Mesopotamia). Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00049	Gregory of Tours writes the Life of *Gregory (bishop of Langres, ob. 539/540, S00038): the saint, a former count of Autun, then bishop of Langres (eastern Gaul), is presented as a miracle worker both during his lifetime and after his death. Gregory, Life of the Fathers Book 7, written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/594. Overview of Gregory's Life of Gregory of Langres.
E00053	Gregory of Tours, in his Life of Gregory (bishop of Langres, ob. 539/540, S00038), recounts how, on the saint's death in Langres, his body was taken to Dijon for burial in the church of John (either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); all in eastern Gaul. From Gregory's Life of the Fathers (7.3-4), written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/594.
E00055	Gregory of Tours, in his Life of Gregory (bishop of Langres, ob. 539/540, S00038), tells how, with accompanying miracles, the body of the saint was moved to a newly built apse in the church of John (either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist S00042) in Dijon (eastern Gaul) by his son and successor as bishop of Langres. From Gregory's Life of the Fathers (7.4-5), written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/594.
E00081	The Syriac Chronicle of Edessa records that in 457 Nonnos became bishop of Edessa (northern Mesopotamia), and built there a church dedicated to John the Baptist (S00020) and another to Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385). Written in Edessa, in second half of 6th c.
E00093	The Piacenza Pilgrim tells how he saw the head of *John the Baptist (S00020), displayed in Emesa (north-west Phoenicia) in a glass jar and adored by pilgrims. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, in Piacenza (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00102	Agathangelos' History of Armenia, also known as the History and Life of St Gregory, tells the story, set in the early 4th c., of Gregory the Illuminator (converter of Armenia, S00251) establishing, with the help of relics, the commemoration in Armenia of John the Baptist (S00020) and *Athenogenes (bishop and martyr of Pedachthoe, S00065), to replace the feasts of pagan deities. Written in Armenian in the middle of the 5th c.
E00160	Greek private letter, from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt) concerned with greetings and the transport of goods, providing a list of five saints to be invoked on the sender’s behalf: John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and *Ioulianos (probably the , martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt S00305), datable to the 4th/5th c.
E00164	Greek Calendar of Church Services to be performed at different churches in Oxyrhynchus (Middle Egypt) from the end of October to the end of March of the years 535–536, providing information on the names of many churches, and on the saints’ days celebrated in the city.
E00244	The Epic Histories (3.3), traditionally attributed to P'awstos, record the commemoration of John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles (S00084), and other martyrs, by Patriarch *Vrt'anēs (patriarch of Greater Armenia (333-341),S00297) in the earlier 4th c and his miraculous survival of an assassination attempt, when the attackers are miraculously incapacitated. Written in Armenia in the second half of the 5th c.
E00367	Gregory of Tours writes the Glory of the Martyrs (Liber in Gloria Martyrum), in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594. Overview entry.
E00386	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (11), narrates how during the beheading of *John the Baptist (S00020) a woman from Gaul collected his blood and later placed it in the altar of the church of John the Baptist in Bazas (south-west Gaul). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00387	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (13), narrates the story of the thumb of *John the Baptist (S00020) brought from the shrine of his tomb (in an unspecified place) to Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (south-east Gaul) by an unnamed woman; there drops of blood from the thumb were obtained by three bishops and taken to their cities; an archdeacon who attempted to take the thumb to Turin (northern Italy) died within three days. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00406	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, recounts the founding and endowment of a basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and *John the Baptist (S00020) in Ostia, close to Rome, by the emperor Constantine (312-337).
E00407	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, recounts the founding and endowment of a basilica of *John the Baptist (S00020) in Albanum, close to Rome, by the emperor Constantine (312-337).
E00409	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, mentions a silver statue of *John the Baptist (S00020), commissioned by the emperor Constantine for the Lateran baptistery in Rome (312-337).
E00415	The Piacenza Pilgrim mentions a church of *John the Baptist (S00020), in Neapolis (Palestine, modern Nablus). Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00452	The Piacenza Pilgrim records events at Epiphany at the site on the Jordan river where Jesus was baptised, and mentions there a large monastery of *John the Baptist (S00020) with two hospices. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00466	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (14), recounts the miracles which happened when he deposited relics of John the Baptist (S00020) in an oratory in the forecourt of the church of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in Tours. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00469	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (15), recounts a story about relics of *John the Baptist (S00020) in the village church in Langeais (north-west Gaul); a woman miraculously punished for working on Sunday was healed there. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00474	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (19), tells of perjurers being punished after falsely swearing at the altar of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and John the Baptist (S00020) in Tours. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00547	Greek epigram, probably from a dedicatory inscription in the church, recording the dedication by the consul Stoudios of a basilica to *John the Baptist (00020) on his estate in Constantinople before 454. Recorded in the 10th c. Greek Anthology.
E00570	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (49), mentions the martyrdom of Photinus/Potheinos, bishop and one of the Martyrs of Lyon (S00316), and tells of the martyrdom of his successor Irenaeus (bishop and martyr of Lyon, S02832), who is buried in the church of John (probably the Baptist, S00020, possibly the Evangelist and Apostle, S00042) in Lyon (south-east Gaul), next to Epipodius and Alexander (martyrs of Lyon, S00318); dust gathered from their graves can cure the sick. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00690	The Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae, a guide to saints' graves around Rome, closes with the church and grave of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on the 'via Vaticana', north-west of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 625/649. A description of the basilica, added in the later 8th c., lists many of the altars of saints within the church.
E00703	Isidore of Seville in his Latin Chronicle written in two redactions in 615/616 and 626 states that the body of Antony ('the Great', monk of Egypt, ob. 356, S00098), was discovered through revelation, transferred to and buried in Alexandria, in the church of John the Baptist, during the reign of Justinian (527-565).
E00712	Victor of Tunnuna, in his Chronicle, recounts how the body of Antony ('the Great', monk of Egypt, ob. 356, S00098), was discovered, transferred to, and buried in Alexandria, in the basilica of John the Baptist (S00020), in 561. Written in Latin in Constantinople, 565/566.
E00726	Victricius of Rouen lists the relics of saints already present in Rouen: John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles Andrew (S00289) and Thomas (S00199), Gervasius and Protasius (bothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313), Agricola (martyr of Bologna, S00310), Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), and *Luke (the Evangelist, S00442). Account in Victricius' Praising the Saints, written in Latin, c.396 in Rouen (northern Gaul).
E00741	Greek list from the city of Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), presenting festal payments expected from various churches and shrines, most of them dedicated to saints, including Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Ioustos/Justus (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrrhynkos, S01172), John the Baptist (S00020), Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), Thekla (probably the follower of Apostle Paul, S00092), Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), Neilos (perhaps the martyr of Alexandria, S00405), Viktor (, martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), possibly Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Philoxenos (saint with cult at Oxyrhynchos, S00443), and Ioulianos/Julianus (probably the martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt, S00305); datable to the 5th c.
E00747	Bishop Nicetius of Trier, in a letter to Chlodosinda, queen of the Lombards (Austrasian Letter 8), claims that relics and churches dedicated to the saints are ineffective for Arians; he mentions Gothic veneration for the Apostles (S02422), and alludes to churches or shrines of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and John (probably the Baptist, S00020), all probably at Rome. Written in Latin, presumably at Trier (eastern Gaul), 561/569.
E00793	Fragmentary Greek inscription on a lintel, with an invocation of *John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042) asked to help a steward/oikonomos Isidoros. In the Museum of Izmir; said to be from Ephesos (western Asia Minor). Possibly 5th/7th c. according to the first edition, but most likely dating from the 10th or 11th c.
E00837	Greek graffiti on a marble balustrade, with invocations of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and probably John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Michael (the Archangel, S00181), and George (soldier and martyr, S00259). Found in Aphrodisias (Caria, western Asia Minor), at the Temple/Church site. Probably 5th/6th c. or later.
E00882	Prudentius, in his poem (Crowns of the Martyrs V) on Vincent (deacon and martyr of Zaragoza and Valencia, S00290), tells of saints accompanying Vincent on his way to heaven; among them he explicitly mentions John the Baptist (S00020), as a fellow sufferer in prison. Written in Latin in Calahorra (northern Hispania), c. 400.
E00928	Scarcely legible Greek inscription marking boundaries of an estate belonging to a church, probably of John (the Baptist, S00020), or, which is less plausible, of Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612). Found at Kana (Lycaonia, central Asia Minor). Probably 6th c.
E00929	Greek inscription marking boundaries of an estate belonging to a sanctuary of *John (the Baptist, S00020). Found at Çandır Yaylası, to the east of ancient Kana (Lycaonia, central Asia Minor). Probably 6th c.
E00979	Greek epitaph with an elaborate invocation of *John (the Baptist, 00020), addressed as the Forerunner, apparently commemorating a burial close to or at a rock-cut church of John the Baptist near Amisos (Helenopontus, northern Asia Minor). Probably 5th-6th c.
E00984	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a monastery of *John (the Baptist, S00020). Found near Komana/Comana Pontica (Pontus Polemoniacus, north-east Asia Minor). 582-590.
E01022	Greek epitaph for a girl buried 'in the holy place of John', probably *John the Baptist (S00020). Found near Tyana (Cappadocia, central Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
E01023	Greek epitaph for a married couple buried at the entrance to a sanctuary of *John the Baptist (S00020). Composed in elegiac couplets. Found near Tyana (Cappadocia, central Asia Minor). Probably 5th-6th c.
E01038	Greek epitaph for a presbyter of a church of *John (probably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found near Diokaisareia/Diocaesarea (Isauria, southern Asia Minor). Probably 6th c.
E01092	Fragmentary Greek fiscal codex from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), containing an account of public taxes and mentioning a monastery of Shenoute (abbot of the White Monastery, ob. 465, S00688) as well as an institution dedicated to John (presumably the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); datable to the 8th c.
E01144	Coptic legal document concerning a donation or regular payment to an oratory, probably of *John (if so, presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) in the area of Hermopolis (Middle Egypt); datable to the 8th century.
E01145	Coptic acknowledgement of a financial debt to an oratory of *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) in Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), possibly due to a pledge by the deceased mother of the debtor; datable to the 8th century.
E01200	The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetor recounts how, at the time of the Justinianic plague (541-542), many citizens of Emesa (northwest Phoenicia) sought the help of the relic of the head of *John the Baptist (S00020); demons testified to the power of the saint. Written, probably in Amida (northern Mesopotamia), c. 568/569.
E01216	The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite recounts how Alexander, governor of Edessa (northern Mesopotamia) during the year 497/498, held weekly audiences in the martyrium church dedicated to John the Baptist (S00020) and Addai/Thaddeus (the Apostle, one of the seventy-two, S00255), during which he would settle lawsuits free of charge. Written in Edessa, 506/515.
E01239	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription mentioning the founder of a church dedicated to *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found at Mirties/Panormos (Kalymnos, the Aegean Islands). Probably 5th c.
E01267	Inscribed terracotta disc, almost certainly a bread stamp for making eulogia, with a Greek inscription referring to a saint *John (probably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found near Porinos Oikos on Delos (Aegean Islands), probably 5th-7th c.
E01271	The church of Panagia Drosiani on the island of Naxos (Aegean Islands) houses labelled pre-iconoclastic paintings of saints, datable to the 7th/8th c.: Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); possibly Solomon (Old Testament king of Israel, S00270); John the Baptist (S00020); just possibly Catherine (martyr of Alexandria, S00765); possibly George (soldier and martyr, S00259); and *Ioulianos/Julianus (possibly the martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt, S00305).
E01307	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Hilarus (bishop of Rome, ob. 468, S00566) names his refurbishments in, and offerings to, several churches and oratories in Rome: dedicated to John (Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E01328	Fragment of a limestone bread mould with a fragmentary Greek inscription, probably labelling bread as eulogia of *John the Baptist (S00020). Found at Karpasia (Cyprus). Probably 6th-7th c.
E01330	Movsēs Xorenac'i's History of Armenia (3.2) recounts how Katholikos Vrtanēs' (katholikos of Greater Armenia, ob. 341, S00297), son of Gregory the Illuminator (converter of Armenia, S00251), was miraculously protected at the martyr shrine of *John the Baptist (S00020) when the local inhabitants wished to kill him. Written in Armenian and traditionally considered a 5th c. text, but probably of the early 8th c.
E01347	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of Symmachus (bishop and confessor of Rome, S00793), lists his extensive work at the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Rome, honouring a number of different saints.
E01392	Seals with bilingual Greek/Latin inscriptions of owners, and with images of saints: Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), John the Baptist (S00020), and *Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192). Found in various locations on Crete. 5th-7th c.
E01425	The short Life of Sabinianus, bishop of Rome 604-606, in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, early in the 7th c., mentions his provision of lights in St.Peter's (the Apostle, S00036), his funerary procession which left the city by the gate of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020), and his burial at St Peter's; all in Rome.
E01655	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the paving of a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *John the Baptist (00020). Found at Umm Hartaine, to the northeast of Ḥamāh (ancient Amathe/Epiphaneia, central Syria). Dated 500.
E01689	Greek inscription on a house at Barad/Brad in the Limestone Massif (north Syria), with a list of six or more saints: a saint John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Dometios (monk of Syria, later 4th c., S00414), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), Christophoros (martyr of Pamphylia, S00616), Euphemia (probably the martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), Philotheos (possibly the martyr of Antioch, S00878), possibly Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Egypt, S00406), a certain Eusebios, possibly *Thomas the Apostle (S00199), and other unnamed martyrs. Probably 5th/6th c.
E01742	A Coptic list of holy books belonging to the monastery of Apa Elijah/Elias (probably the Old Testament prophet, S00217) 'on the mountain', presumably at Aphroditopolis/Atfih (Middle Egypt), lists a papyrus manuscript containing a Martyrdom of John the Baptist (S00020); list datable to the 7th/8th century.
E01796	Greek inscription on a lintel, referring to a saint *John (probably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found at Abouḍḍouhour/Abu al-Duhur, between Beroia/Aleppo and Ḥamāh (central Syria). Dated 502.
E01935	Greek inscription with a Christian acclamation and an invocation of the help of a 'Saint John' (probably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), possibly by soldiers garrisoned at the citadel of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Found at a gateway, at the citadel. Dated probably 509.
E01965	Greek inscription just possibly for a church dedicated to a saint John (if so, probably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found at Tell eḍ-Ḍahab near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E02040	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the laying of the mosaic in 'Church 95' in Khirbet es-Samra to the southeast of Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/the Roman province of Arabia), dedicated to a 'martyr' *John (almost certainly the Baptist, S00020), and invoking the help of the God of that Saint John. Probably earlier 7th c., possibly 634 or 638.
E02123	Greek list from the city of Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), listing churches, most of them dedicated to saints, including Viktor (presumably the martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), Neilos (perhaps the martyr of Alexandria, S00405), an Evangelist (possibly Mark, E00293), Zechariah (presumably the father of John the Baptist, S00597), John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Kollouthos (physician and martyr of Antinoopolis, S00641), John the Baptist (S00020), Theodore (presumably the soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), Ioustos (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrrhynchos, S01172), and *Phoibammon (presumably the soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080); datable to the 6th century.
E02124	Greek list from the city of Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), presenting churches, chapels, and martyria, most of them dedicated to saints, including Serenos/Sirenos (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrhynchus, S00134), Anoup (presumably the monk and monastic founder, S00774), Menas (soldier and martyr buried at Abu Mena, S00073), and John (presumably the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); datable to the early 6th century.
E02126	Greek order from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt) to supply wine for widows of the martyr shrine of *John, (presumably either the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042, or the Baptist, S00020), datable to the 5th/6th century.
E02143	Bilingual Greek-Arabic building inscription for a martyr shrine (martyrion) of John (probably John the Baptist, S00020), constructed by a phylarch. Found at Ḥarrān, to the north-west of Bostra and Dionysias (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 568.
E02163	Greek lease of an epaulis (rural dwelling) from the area of Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), addressing the dikaion of an oratory of *John the Baptist (S00020); dated 8 July 551.
E02167	Greek order for a payment in wine, from the Fayum, to be made to the reader of a church of *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); datable to the 5th century.
E02197	Calendar of the Church of Carthage (central North Africa) lists saints whose liturgical commemorations were celebrated in June. Written in Latin in Carthage, probably between 505 and 535.
E02203	Calendar of the Church of Carthage (central North Africa) lists saints whose liturgical commemorations were celebrated in December. Written in Latin in Carthage, probably between 505 and 535.
E02231	Greek order for payment of wine, from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), mentioning a door keeper to an institution dedicated to *John (presumably either the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042, or the Baptist, S00020); dated to the year 503.
E02240	Greek inscription just possibly referring to a Saint John (if so, probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as well as Christ. Found at Muṭā'iyyeh, to the west of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 5th-6th c.
E02340	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the eve of the feast of the nativity of John the Baptist (S00020), referring also to the forthcoming feast of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008). Sermon 279, delivered in Latin, possibly in Carthage (central North Africa) in 401.
E02345	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). He emphasises that it is the only earthly birthday of a man other than Christ which is celebrated by the Church and explains why it falls on the summer solstice, 24 June. Sermon 287, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) in the later 420s.
E02356	Greek loan acknowledgement, from Alexandria (Lower Egypt), mentioning a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *John the Baptist (S00020); dated to the years 494–500.
E02357	Greek antichretic loan, from Alexandria, mentioning a martyrion of *John the Baptist (S00020); dated to the year 499/500.
E02364	Coptic acknowledgement of debt, from Herakleopolis/Hnes (Middle Egypt), mentioning a church of *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist; S00042); dated to the year 783/784.
E02367	The so-called 'complex of John the Baptist (S00020)' in Gerasa/Jerash (Roman province of Arabia) comprises three churches (two oratories/eukteria and one naos), dedicated respectively to John the Baptist, George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and *Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physicians martyrs of Syria, S00385). Floor-mosaic inscriptions with dedicatory poems date the completion and paving of the church of George to 529/530, of John to 531, and of Kosmas and Damianos to 533. Two reliquaries were found in the church of George.
E02376	Painted inscription (dipinto) in Greek from the church of John the Baptist (S00020) in the 'complex of John the Baptist' in Gerasa/Jerash (Roman province of Arabia), mentioning the saints venerated there: John, George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and *Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physicians martyrs of Syria, S00385). After 531.
E02392	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), gives the list of fasts and vigils instituted by Perpetuus, the sixth bishop of Tours (bishop 460-490), in the churches of Tours (most frequently in that of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050)), the majority associated with the commemoration of saints, both local and international. These fasts and vigils were still being held in Gregory of Tours' times. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02393	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), records that Volusianus, the seventh bishop of Tours (bishop 491-498), built the church of *John the Baptist (S00020) at the abbey of Marmoutier, near Tours. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02417	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). He emphasises that it is the only earthly birthday of a man other than Christ which the Church celebrates, and explains why it falls on the summer solstice. Sermon 288, delivered in Latin, possibly in Carthage (central North Africa) in 401.
E02419	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), recounts how he, the nineteenth bishop of Tours, sought relics of the Theban Legion (soldiers and martyrs of Agaunum, S00339), which he had been told were in Tours; found the reliquary with their relics and the relics of other (unnamed) martyrs and confessors in the church of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050); kept vigils and masses to honour the saints; placed some of these relics in the cathedral of Tours; placed relics of Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) in Martin’s cell adjoining the cathedral; decorated the walls of Martin’s church; built the new baptistery there and placed in it relics of John the Baptist (S00020) and Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023); placed relics of Benignus (martyr of Dijon, S00320) in the old baptistery at Martin's church; and wrote seven books of Miracles and The Life of the Fathers; all in 573-594. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02422	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 289, delivered in Latin in an unknown city of central North Africa, possibly in 400/410.
E02423	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 290, delivered in an unknown city of central North Africa, possibly in 412/416.
E02426	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 291, delivered in an unknown city of central North Africa, possibly in 412/416.
E02428	Augustine, probably already bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 292, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo (Numidia, central North Africa) in 397/405.
E02431	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 293, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) in 413.
E02432	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 293A, delivered in Latin in an unknown city of central North Africa, 397/405.
E02433	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020), condemning sacrilegious customs, still practised on this day, mostly by young people. Sermon 293B, delivered in Latin, possibly in Carthage (central North Africa) in 401.
E02438	Coptic letter, from the monastery of Epiphanius at Thebes (Upper Egypt), mentioning an oath sworn to *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); datable to the end of the 6th/beginning of the 7th century.
E02441	Coptic letter, from the monastery of Epiphanius at Thebes (Upper Egypt), mentioning an institution dedicated to *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042);datable to the first half of the 7th century.
E02466	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 293C, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) in 397/405.
E02524	The so-called Madaba Mosaic Map shows a number of labelled places of the cult of saints in the Holy Land (mainly monasteries). Found in Madaba (Roman province of Arabia). Probably mid-6th c.
E02542	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 293D, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430.
E02585	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of Gudden (martyr of Carthage, S01258), three days after the feast of the nativity of John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 294, delivered in Carthage (central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430.
E02586	Isidore of Seville in his Latin Chronicle written in two redactions in 615/616 and 626 mentions the translation of the head of *John the Baptist (S00020) to Constantinople during the reign of Valentinian II and Theodosius (383-392).
E02593	The Martyrdom of Iulianos of Emesa, surviving only in Georgian, recounts the martyrdom and death of Iulianos/Julian (martyr of Emesa, S01259) and of three other martyrs, Silouan/Silvanos, Lukas and Mokimos (martyrs of Emesa, S01272). The events were soon followed by the translation of the head of John the Baptist (S00020) to Emesa. Translated in or before the 8th c. from a lost Greek original.
E02629	Greek inscriptions carved on a quarry-face, mentioning the financial supervisor of a church dedicated to *John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), probably in Bostra. Found at a limestone quarry sited c. 4 km to the southwest of Qaṣr al-Ḥallābāt and c. 40 km to the south of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 5th-7th c.
E02637	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the paving of a church (naos) dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00020). Found at Riḥāb, between Bostra and Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/Roman province of Arabia). Dated 604 or 619.
E02692	A grotto and a church reportedly dedicated to John the Baptist (S00217) or Elijah/Elias (Old Testament prophet, S00020) at Sapsaphas/Wadi-Kharrar (= Ainon/Betharaba in Bethany, Palaestina I). Possibly with a Greek floor mosaic inscription referring to the saint(s). Probably late antique.
E02723	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription containing an acclamation of unnamed martyrs. Found at 'Ein Kerem, south-west outskirts of Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I), at the cave traditionally identified as the birthplace of John the Baptist. Probably 5th-7th c.
E02726	Palladius of Helenopolis, in his Historical Dialogue on the Life of John Chrysostom, of 408 or shortly after,reports that, in 402, the so-called 'Tall Brothers', a group of Egyptian ascetics, excommunicated by Theophilos of Alexandria, met the empress Eudoxia at the shrine of *John the Baptist (S00020) in the Constantinopolitan suburb of the Hebdomon. Written in Greek at Syene (Aswan, Upper Egypt).
E02731	Fragmentary Greek inscription from a lintel, probably commemorating the construction of a monastery (mone) dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and an unspecified John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found at Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Precise provenance unknown. Probably 6th c.
E02768	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the beheading of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 307, delivered in Latin at Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), possibly in 414/415.
E02815	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the beheading of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 308, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430.
E02831	Bronze cross with a Greek inscription invoking the help of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020). Provenance unknown, probably south-eastern Mediterranean. Late antique.
E02841	In Eugippius' Life of Severinus (hermit and monk in Noricum, ob. 482, S00848), the saint obtains relics of John the Baptist (S00020), and perhaps dedicates a basilica to him, all at Favianis (on the upper Danube), between around 454 and 482. Written in Latin near Naples (southern Italy) in 511.
E02846	Eugippius' Life of Severinus (hermit and monk in Noricum, ob. 482, S00848) tells how monks of a place called Boiotro (on the upper Danube) desired relics of martyrs, and how Severinus deterred them, telling them that relics of John (the Baptist, S00020) would arrive of their own accord. Written in Latin near Naples (southern Italy) in 511.
E02965	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the foundation of a church of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) in 544, and the laying-out of mosaics in 549/550. Found at Tell Skehef, to the east of Askalon and Gaza (Roman province of Palaestina I).
E02967	Lid of a limestone reliquary, covered by four Greek inscriptions referring to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Christophoros (martyr of Pamphylia, S00616), a certain John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), and the Apostles, all of them with unnamed companions (?). Unknown provenance (possibly Syria), now in the Benaki Museum (Athens). Probably 5th-6th c.
E02976	Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, preaches a sermon (Sermon 127) for the feast of *John the Baptist (S00020). Delivered in Latin at Ravenna (northern Italy), c. 450.
E02983	Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, preaches a sermon (Sermon 173) on the death of *John the Baptist (S00020). Delivered in Latin in Ravenna (northern Italy), c. 450.
E02984	Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, preaches a sermon (Sermon 174) on the death of *John the Baptist (S00020). Delivered in Latin in Ravenna (northern Italy), c. 450.
E02985	Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, preaches a sermon (Sermon 179) on *John the Baptist (S00020). Delivered in Latin in Ravenna (northern Italy), c. 450.
E02986	Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, preaches a sermon (Sermon 89) on *John the Baptist (S00020), probably on his feast day. Delivered in Latin in Ravenna (northern Italy), c. 450.
E03146	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 9 May, at the Church of the Apostles in Jerusalem, the deposition of relics of the Apostles Peter (S00036), Thomas (S00199) and John (S00042), of John the Baptist (S00020), Isaiah (Old Testament Prophet, S00280), Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), Claudian (unidentified figure), *Tryphon (possibly the martyr of Nicaea, S00439).
E03205	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 24 June the birth of *John the Baptist (S00020).
E03238	The Latin Apparition on Monte Gargano of Michael (the Archangel, S00181) narrates the miraculous origins of the cave-church of the Archangel on Monte Gargano and details of the cult practices that occur there. Also mentioned are the adjacent church dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), with altars for Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and John (the Baptist, S00020). Written presumably on the Gargano peninsula (southern Italy), perhaps in the later 7th c., and by the 9th at the latest.
E03278	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 18 July commemorates Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701) at her tomb on the road to Bethlehem, the deposition of the relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), John the Baptist (S00020), Zechariah (father of John the Baptist, S00597), Phokas (martyr of Antioch, S00413), *Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs of Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710).
E03285	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 25 July the deposition of of the relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and John the Baptist (S00020).
E03329	Palladius of Helenopolis, in his Lausiac History (44), recounts the story of the ascetic Innokentios who had relics of John the Baptist (S00020) in his private chapel on the Mount of Olives (Jerusalem). The author also mentions the shrine of Lazarus (friend of Jesus, S01417). Written in Greek at Aspuna or Ankyra (both Galatia, central Asia Minor), 419/420.
E03337	Leontius of Constantinople composes a Homily on the Birth of *John the Baptist (S00020), which he delivers during the saint’s feast in Constantinople. Written in Greek, in the late 5th or the 6th c.
E03365	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 29 August the beheading of John the Baptist (S00020), and Elisha (the Old Testament prophet, S00239).
E03387	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 29 September John the Baptist (S00020) and Elijah/Elias (Old Testament prophet, S00217).
E03399	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 15 October the deposition of the relics of John the Baptist (S00020), Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282), Joseph (Old Testament patriarch, S00277), Daniel (Old Testament prophet, S00727), Ezekiel (Old Testament prophet, S01493), and the Three Hebrew Youths, Ananias, Azarias and Misael (of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198).
E03404	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 20 October Thalelaios (monk of Syria, S00375) and the deposition of the relics of John the Baptist (S00020) and *Mark (the Evangelist, S00293).
E03410	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 26 October the discovery of the head of *John the Baptist (S00020).
E03429	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 14 November Leontios (probably the martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), the deposition of the relics of John the Baptist (S00020), Elisha (Old Testament prophet, S00239), and the Archangels Michael (S00181) and *Gabriel (S00192).
E03462	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 15 December the dedication of the church of *John the Baptist (S00020).
E03478	Gregory of Tours, in his Miracles of Martin (2.57), recounts how a woman slave was overcome by blisters and boils while working the fields rather than attending mass for the feast of John the Baptist (S00020); she comes to the tomb of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in Tours, and after four months is cured there and bought out of slavery; AD 580. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/581.
E03504	Greek dedicatory inscription on a bronze lamp-holder (polycandelon), recording its offering to a church of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Provenance unknown, probably Palestine, Syria, or Arabia. Probably 6th-7th c.
E03511	The Lives of the Fathers of Mérida (4.9) tells a story about a man who went at night to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Mérida and witnessed there the Lauds celebrated by the saints; after the office, he saw them go to the adjoining basilica of John, the Baptist (S00020). He also sees demonic figures plotting to hurt *Fidelis (bishop of Mérida, fl. 550/560, S03083). Written in Latin in Mérida (south-west Spain), 633/680.
E03538	Floor-mosaic with a Syriac inscription commemorating the paving of a martyr shrine (bet sahdē), and mentioning a Saint *John (probably the Baptist, S00020; possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found at al-Nabgha al-Kebira (to the northeast of Beroia/Aleppo, north Syria). Dated, probably 406/407.
E03569	Floor-mosaic with a very fragmentarily preserved inscription, once wrongly believed to have mentioned a 'Saint Plesippos', John the Baptist (S00020), and his father Zechariah (S00597). Found on the hill of Bēt Šaʽār, close to 'Ein 'Arrub, to the south of Jerusalem, on the road from Jerusalem to Hebron (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th c.
E03580	Floor-mosaic with a bilingual Greek and Christian-Palestinian Aramaic inscription possibly referring to an unspecified saint John (probably the Baptist, S00020), but sometimes argued to have recorded the names of Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Alexandria, S00406). Found at Khirbet Umm er-Rus near Beit Jimal and Eleutheropolis, in the Judean Hills, c. 20 km to the south-west of Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th-7th c.
E03602	Marcellinus Comes, in his Chronicle, includes a narrative of the discovery of the head of *John the Baptist (S00020) at Jerusalem and its translation to Emesa (Syria). Written in Latin in Constantinople, 518/534.
E03654	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however on 5th c. to 7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, commemorates on 24 February Samuel (possibly the katholikos of Iberia, 5th c., S01627), and the discovery of the head of John the Baptist (S00020).
E03779	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 23 June Prokopios (martyr of Caesarea of Palestine, S00118), Zenon and possibly Zenas (martyrs of Philadelphia/Amman, S01664) and the birth of *John the Baptist (S00020).
E03780	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 24 June Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis, S01632) and the birth of John (the Baptist, S00020).
E03804	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 18 July Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701); the deposition of relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), John the Baptist (S00020), Zechariah (father of John the Baptist, S00597) and forty unnamed martyrs (perhaps the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, S00103); Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs of Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710); Phokas (possibly the martyr of Antioch, S00413); Athanasios (governor of Egypt and martyr of Klysma, S01216), here presented as a brother of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079); and *Dioskoros (probably the Decian martyr of Egypt, S00230).
E03847	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 29 August the beheading of *John the Baptist (S00020).
E03848	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 30 August Phokas (martyr of Antioch, S00413) or Phokas (martyr of Synope, S00052), Jude Thaddaeus (Apostle, one of the Twelve, S01507), Joseph of Arimathea (New Testament figure, S01787), Babylas (bishop and martyr in Antioch, S00061), and Alexandros (bishop of Constantinople, ob. 337, S01789), and the beheading of *John the Baptist (S00020).
E03896	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 15 October John the Baptist (S00020), Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282), Ezekiel (Old Testament prophet, S01493), Daniel (the Old Testament prophet, S00727), Joseph (Old Testament patriarch, S00277), the Three Hebrew Youths (of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198), Ioulianos/Julianus (probably the martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt, S00305), and Longinos (centurion at the Crucifixion, S00926).
E03906	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 25 October Demetrios (martyr of Thessalonike, S00761), Babylas (bishop and martyr of Antioch, and companions S00061), Phokas (probably the martyr of Antioch, S00413), Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385), Varos (soldier and martyr in Egypt under Galerius, S01212), John the Baptist (S00020), and *Sophia and her daughters (martyrs of Rome, S00554).
E03907	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 26 October the discovery of the head of John the Baptist (S00020), and Demetrios (martyr of Thessalonike, S00761).
E03926	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 14 November Leontios (probably the martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), Agapios (martyr of Caesarea of Palestine, S00188), the deposition of the relics of John the Baptist (S00020), Elisha (Old Testament prophet, S00239), Philip (the Apostle, S00109), and the Archangels Michael (S00181) and *Gabriel (S00192).
E03946	Three fragmentary Greek inscriptions (two carved, and one painted), mentioning John the Baptist (S00020), and possibly Aaron (first High Priest, brother of Moses, S01427), and *George (soldier and martyr, S00259). Found in the church and chapel in the monastic complex of Aaron on Jabal Hārūn near Petra (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably late antique.
E03959	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 15 December the dedication of the church of John the Baptist (S00020), Eleutherios (martyr of Rome, S01661), the *Three Hebrew Youths (of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198), and bishop 'Nisthereon' (unidentified figure, name probably garbled).
E04007	Socrates, in his Ecclesiastical History (6.12), reports that in 404 bishop Epiphanius of Salamis visited the shrine of *John (the Baptist S00020, or the Evangelist S00042) at Hebdomon (Constantinople) where he celebrated a service and ordination. Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/446.
E04013	Socrates, in his Ecclesiastical History (6.6), reports that in 400 the emperor Arcadius and the Gothic leader Gainas took oaths of non-aggression at the shrine of Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) at Chalcedon, near Constantinople. Later, Gainas was prevented by angels from torching the imperial palace in Constantinople, and settled at the shrine of John (the Baptist S00020, or the Evangelist S00042) at Hebdomon, pretending to suffer from a demon. Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/446.
E04052	Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History (7.21), recounts the transfer of the head of *John (the Baptist, S00020) to Constantinople: discovered by Macedonianist monks in Palestine, and brought to a village in the territory of Chalcedon (north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople) under Valens, probably in the late 360s or 370s, it was deposited at Hebdomon (suburb of Constantinople) under Theodosius I, after 381. Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/450.
E04126	The anonymous Greek Life of Symeon Stylites the Younger (stylite near Antioch, ob. 592, S00860) recounts his ascetic withdrawal, life as a stylite, and numerous miracles in life. It includes references to miracles and shrines of John the Baptist (S00020), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103). Written, probably by a monk of the monastery and shrine of the 'Wondrous Mountain' near Antioch (Syria), in the late 6th or early 7th c.
E04127	The anonymous Greek Life of *Martha (mother of Symeon the Stylite the Younger, S00864), recounts her holy life, death, and burial at the 'Wondrous Mountain', and several posthumous miracles. Written, probably by a monk of the monastery and shrine of the Wondrous Mountain near Antioch (Syria), probably in the 7th c.
E04196	Philostorgius in his Ecclesiastical History, reports that the relics of the Elisha (Old Testament Prophet, S00239) and John (the Baptist, S00020) were removed from their tombs and desecrated in Palestine under Julian the Apostate (r. 361-363). Written in Greek at Constantinople, 425/433.
E04227	An anonymous author compiles the Miracles of Artemios, a collection of miracles (occurring between c. 582 and c. 668) effected by Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128) and his female assistant Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis, S01588) at Artemios' cult and burial site within the church of *John the Baptist (S00020) in the Oxeia quarter of Constantinople. The miracles are mostly effected through incubation, and the majority of healings are of diseases of the male genitals and groin. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668. Overview entry
E04231	The Miracles of Artemios (6) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed a sailor inflicted with a demon, and suffering from a disease of the testicles; the sailor subsequently experienced a vision of the saint, accompanied by John the Baptist (S00020) and Artemios' fellow healer, Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis, S01588). Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04237	The Miracles of Artemios (17) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed the relative of a patrikios from a hernia, and temporarily punished with the same affliction an Alexandrian actor. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04238	The Miracles of Artemios (18) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128) revealed the identity of the thief to a devotee who had had his clothes stolen while attending vigils at the saint's shrine in Constantinople. The saint made the man swear on an icon of John (the Baptist, S00020), which he had in his home, that he would not do any harm to the thief. Earlier the victim had visited the church of Panteleemon (martyr of Nicomedia, S00596), seeking information about the thief. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04241	The Miracles of Artemios (22) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128) healed a man (the same man as in Mir. 18), who was suffering in hospital with a hernia, after he invoked the saints of Artemios' shrine in Constantinople: John (the Baptist, S00020), Artemios himself (martyr of Antioch, S01128) and *Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis, S01588). Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04243	The Miracles of Artemios (24) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), appeared in a dream to the mother of a girl with a hernia, and advised her to supplicate his co-healer, *Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis S01632), in the same church as Artemios lay; the girl was cured. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04250	The Miracles of Artemios (34) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed a girl, Euphemia, from the plague; the story also tells of veneration of an icon of *John (the Baptist, S00020), in the same church. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04254	The Miracles of Artemios (38) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed a boy, George (the same George as in Mir. 39 and 40), who was a reader in the church; Artemios appeared to him in a dream accompanied by John (the Baptist, S00020) and Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis, S01632), Artemios' companion healer. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04255	The Miracles of Artemios (40) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128) healed of a hernia, George (the same George as in Mir. 38 and 39), then a deacon in a monastery on the island of Plateia; the saint appeared to him in a dream and cured him; George visited Artemios' shrine in Constantinople and there, in a dream vision, saw the saint in his tomb. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04271	The Miracles of Artemios (45) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128) and *Phebronia (virgin and martyr of Nisibis, S01588), at their shrine in Constantinople, healed a woman’s baby of a swollen testicle; appearing to the mother in a dream, Phebronia gave her three jujube berries to eat; on awakening, the baby was cured. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04371	Greek fragmentary account of a desert trading company/caravan (koinotes), containing a prayer for the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), John (the Baptist, S00020), and 'all the holy martyrs'. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 89, probably late 6th/early 7th c.
E04398	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) rebuilt the shrines of Michael (the Archangel, S00181) at Anaplous and Brochoi, on the Bosphorus, and a nearby church of Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04456	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (2.8 and 2.37), describes the foundation of the monastery of Monte Cassino (central Italy) by Benedict (of Nursia, monastic founder, ob. 547, S01727), with its two chapels: one dedicated to Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), in a former temple of Apollo; the other to *John (the Baptist, S00020), on the site of its altar, where Benedict was eventually buried. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04474	Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *John (the Baptist, S00020) by a former soldier, Flavios Naamon. Found at Ramsâniyye/al-Ramthāniye, near Quneitra and Paneas/Caesarea Philippi, in the Golan Heights, to the north-east of the Sea of Galilee (Roman province of Phoenicia Paralias). Dated probably 513, once wrongly dated 377/378.
E04495	Evagrius Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical History (3.12), mentions the existence of a church of *John (the Baptist, S00020) in Alexandria (Lower Egypt) in the late 5th century. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 593/594.
E04506	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (3.37), describes some miracles of Sanctulus (priest of Nursia, 6th c., S01767). One of these stories refers to the destruction and restoration of a church of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), presumably in the region of Nursia (central Italy), and another to a miraculous intervention by *John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04523	Greek inscriptions from the so-called 'martyr shrine' (martyrion) at Ramsâniyye, near Quneitra and Paneas/Caesarea Philippi, in the Golan Heights, to the north-east of the Sea of Galilee (Roman province of Phoenicia Paralias). One of them labels a relief of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020), another commemorates the construction of a building (termed 'holy place', hagios topos) by a former soldier, Flavios Balbion. Probably early 6th c., once wrongly dated 377/378.
E04542	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (00020). Sermon 379, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430, .
E04543	Rufinus of Aquileia, in his Church History (11.27-28), tells the story of the destruction of the tomb of *John (the Baptist, S00020) in Sebaste (Palestine) c. 362, the collection and transfer of his relics to Jerusalem and then Alexandria before 373, and the erection of a new church dedicated to this saint in the place of the destroyed temple of Serapis before 395. Written in Latin in Aquileia (northern Italy), c. 402.
E04546	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020); he emphasises that it is the feast of his earthly birth, not his martyrdom, and that the saint celebrated on this day is John the Baptist, not the Evangelist. Sermon 380, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430.
E04560	The Greek Life of Daniel the Stylite (ob. 493, S00342) recounts the life and manifold miracles of an ascetic who, imitating Symeon the Stylite (the Elder, ob. 459, S00343), lived on a pillar and founded a monastic community at Anaplous on the Bosphorus. The text mentions shrines of martyrs and prophets in Constantinople, the use of holy oil and images, and the transfer of relics of Symeon the Stylite and the *Three Hebrew Youths (of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198) to Constantinople. Written in Constantinople, 493/518.
E04579	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a church dedicated to a saint John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) through the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Khirbet Damun, Mount Carmel, near modern Haifa (Roman province of Phoenicia). Probably 6th c.
E04654	In Praise of St John, a Latin metrical account of the life of *John the Baptist (S00020), possibly by Paulinus bishop of Nola (ob. c. 431); John’s gifts of prophecy and ability to cleanse the sins of others are emphasised. Written in Gaul, probably in the 5th c.
E04680	The presbyter Chrysippus of Jerusalem composes an Encomium on *John (the Baptist, S00020), which he delivers during a festival dedicated to the veneration of his head, which is said to have been discovered at Emesa (Syria). Written in Greek, probably in Jerusalem, 455/479.
E04860	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 23 June.
E04861	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 24 June.
E04868	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 1 July.
E04934	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 29 August.
E04953	The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) recounts the foundation of the monastery of Holy Sion in the village of Pharroa in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor) and the miracles of Nikolaos, its first abbot. A number of shrines of different saints are mentioned in the narrative. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion. Overview entry
E04956	The Greek Life of Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) mentions that the monastery of Holy Sion in Pharroa of Lycia possessed relics of John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), Theodoros (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), Sergios and Bakchos (martyrs of Syria, S00030, S00079), and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103), and describes the place of the relics of *Nikolaos (abbot of Holy Sion and bishop of Pinara, ob. 564) in the same church. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor).
E04957	The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) mentions fifteen shrines of various saints at villages in the territory of Myra in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor), and the celebration of public feasts with sacrifices of oxen at them, organised by Nikolaos, abbot of the monastery of Holy Sion. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia.
E04966	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 24 September.
E05043	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 6 December.
E05044	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 7 December.
E05045	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 8 December.
E05099	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) renovated a great number of monasteries in the region of Jerusalem (and elsewhere in the East), many of them dedicated to saints. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E05102	Paulinus of Nola, in a letter to Sulpicius Severus of c. 400 (Letter 29), describes the visit of Melania the Elder (aristocrat of Rome, monastic founder in Jerusalem, ob. AD 410, S01185) to the shrine of Felix (priest and confessor of Nola, S00000) at Nola/Cimitile (southern Italy). Her sanctity is referred to using hagiographic tropes and her clothes are believed to impart spiritual benefit. Written in Latin at Nola.
E05111	Coptic Martyrdom of *Viktor (martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), relates the saint’s conflict with his father Romanos at Antioch and his subsequent arrest and transportation to Alexandria, ordered and organised by Diocletian; written presumably during the 6th/7th century.
E05112	Coptic Martyrdom of *Viktor (martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), the second Martyrdom, relating the saint’s imprisonment and trial at Alexandria under Armenios, his tortures and miraculous recoveries, a journey into heaven to be greeted by the saints, as well as his eventual transport to the south of Egypt for further trial south of Antinoopolis (Middle Egypt); written presumably in the 6th/7th c.
E05113	Coptic Martyrdom of *Viktor (martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), the third Martyrdom, relates the saint’s transport to the south of Antinoopolis (Middle Egypt) for further trial, as well as his final banishment to an abandoned former military camp at Hierakonpolis (Upper Egypt) where he receives a visit from Christ who lays out the saint’s future cult; written presumably in the 6th/7th c.
E05114	Coptic Martyrdom of *Viktor (martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), the fourth Martyrdom, relates the saint’s interaction with the dux Sebastianos, his miraculous strength during tortures, his contest with a magician who converts to Christianity, and his eventual beheading causing miracles; written presumably in the 6th/7th century.
E05169	The Latin Calendar of Sinai records the feasts of saints through the year, followed by a list of the apostles to various regions of Christianity. Written possibly in North Africa, possibly in the 7th/8th c.; preserved in a manuscript, probably of the 9th c., in St Catherine's monastery, Sinai. Basic Entry.
E05222	The pilgrim Egeria, in her Itinerary, mentions her visit to a spring at the place known as the 'garden of *John' (the Baptist, S00020), near Salim in the Jordan valley (Palestine); many monks travel here to wash at the spring. Written in Latin during Egeria's journey to the East, probably in 381-384.
E05260	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (27), mentions a church of *John the Baptist (S00020) located ten miles from the city of Aigai/Aegae in Cilicia (south-east Asia Minor). Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05264	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (46), recounts how Abba Kyriakos, a priest at the Lavra of Kalamon on the Holy Jordan had a dream in which Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) accompanied by John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) and *John the Baptist (S00020) came to him, and revealed that Kyriakos unwittingly had heretical Nestorian writings in his cell. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05274	Jerome, in his Commentary on Hosea, mentions the tomb of *John the Baptist (S00020) in Sebaste/Samaria (Palestine). Written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine), and sent to Rome, all in c. 400.
E05275	The Coptic Encomion on Makarios (bishop of Tkow/Antaeopolis (Upper Egypt), ob. mid-5th c., S02004), attributed to Dioskoros of Alexandria, relates, among many other things, miracles performed by the bishop as well as his gift of prophecy and miraculous events taking place at his burial in the shrine of John the Baptist (S00020) and the prophet *Elisha (S00239) at Alexandria. Probably written after the end of the 6th c.
E05283	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several shrines and festivals of saints at Sykeon and other places in Anatolia, the Holy Land, and Constantinople. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05289	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (77), mentions a church of Mary (Mother of God; S00033) founded in Alexandria by Patriarch Eulogius I (580-608), and a church of John (probably the Baptist, S00020), probably also in Alexandria. He also records a legend that Alexander the Great brought the relics of *Jeremiah (the Prophet, S01421) and had them buried at the so-called Tetrapylon in Alexandria. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05291	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619) is written by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, recounting the life, ascetic feats, and miracles of its hero, and the foundation of the monastic centre of Sykeon in Galatia (central Asia Minor). The text mentions several shrines and festivals of saints in cities and villages of Asia Minor, and also in Constantinople and the Holy Land. Written in Greek at Sykeon, in the 640s. Overview entry
E05301	Chromatius of Aquileia preaches a sermon (Sermon 26) at the consecration of a church in Concordia (near Aquileia), with relics deposited in its altar of the apostles John (S00042), Andrew (S00288), and Thomas (S00199), and of Luke (the Evangelist, S00442) and *John (the Baptist, S00020). Chromatius refers to the translation of Thomas' relics from India to Edessa (Upper Mesopotamia). Delivered in Latin in Concordia (northern Italy), 388/407.
E05320	Maximus of Turin preaches three sermon (Sermons 5, 6 and 88) in honour of *John the Baptist (S00020), two certainly for his feast day. Delivered in Latin in Turin (northern Italy), between c. 397 and 408/423.
E05338	Gaudentius of Brescia preaches a sermon (Sermon 17) in Brescia (northern Italy), on the dedication of a basilica to the 'Council of Saints', with relics of John (the Baptist, S00020), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), Thomas (the Apostle, S00199), Luke (the Evangelist, S00442), Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313), Nazarius (martyr of Milan, S00281), the Anaunian Martyrs (Sisinnius, Martyrius and Alexander, ob. c. 397, S00605), and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103). Written in Latin, probably 402/403.
E05441	Coptic inscription from Wadi Sarga (Upper Egypt), with an invocation of Moses (S00241), Adam (the first man, S00772), Peter (S00036), John the Baptist (S00020), John the virgin (S00042), the Apostles (S00084), and the *Martyrs (S00060); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E05609	Bede, in his Martyrology, commemorates on 29 August the feast of the beheading of *John the Baptist (S00020), and records the movement of his body to Alexandria (Egypt) and head to Emesa (Syria). Written in Latin at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 725/731.
E05651	Latin Orationale of the Old Hispanic Liturgy of the 7th c. (Orationale Visigothicum), with prayers used on the feasts of saints in June and July: Adrianos and Natalia (martyr of Nicomedia and his pious wife, S01342), John the Baptist (S00020), Peter the Apostle (S00036), Paul the Apostle (S00008), Iusta and Rufina (martyrs of Seville, S02099), and Cucuphas (martyr of Barcelona, S00502).
E05730	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (16.6), mentions the conversion of the synagogue of Daphne at Antioch into a shrine of Leontios (martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), after a riot of the circus factions in 507. In the context of the same events, members of the Greens sought sanctuary in a church of John (probably the Baptist, S00020) outside the walls of Antioch; the right of sanctuary was ignored by the authorities and one person was slain in the church. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05737	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (18.15), reports that in 528, a cleric of the shrine of *John (the Baptist, S00020) in Alexandria was elected as bishop of the newly christianised kingdom of ‘India’ in Africa. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05777	Agnellus of Ravenna, writing in 830/846 in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis (131), tells a story, set in the time of Bishop Damianus (692-708), about an abbot of a monasterium dedicated to *John (probably the Baptist, S00020) at Classe, the port of Ravenna (northern Italy). Written in Latin at Ravenna, 830/846.
E05780	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis (28), describes mosaics of the Apostles in the baptistry of the basilica Ursiana, now the 'Orthodox Baptistery', in Ravenna (northern Italy), and quotes the lost Latin inscription in which Bishop Neon (c. 450-473) celebrated this work. These mosaics survive today. Inscription of 450/473; account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05785	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, refers to the consecration of a church dedicated to *John (the Baptist, S00020) and – implausibly – Barbatianus (in later legend the confessor of Galla Placidia). Agnellus' date is inaccurate, but evidence from his account suggests this consecration probably took place in 575/577; account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05809	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, quotes a 5th c. Latin inscription in honour of *John the Baptist (S00020) from the Church of the Holy Cross in Ravenna (northern Italy); written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05810	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis (42), quotes a now lost Latin inscription in the church of *John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) in Ravenna (northern Italy) [present-day San Giovanni Evangelista], with a dedication to John by the Empress Galla Placidia and her children, and a statement that the church was built in thanks for their being saved from the perils of the sea. Inscription of 425/450; recorded by Agnellus, writing in Ravenna, in 830/46.
E05856	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in June. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05858	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in August. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05859	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in September. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05896	Hesychius of Jerusalem composes his Homily 16, On the Conception of *John (the Baptist, S00020), which he preaches during his feast in Jerusalem. Written in Greek at Jerusalem, in the early 5th c.
E05960	In the Latin Whitby Life of *Gregory the Great (bishop of Rome, ob. 604, S00838), the author notes the lack of miracles attributed to the saint, and theorises on the importance of miracles as proof of sanctity. Written by a monk or nun of Whitby (north-east Britain), 685/714, perhaps 704/14.
E05986	Coptic ostracon from Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt) with a declaration made by a monk of the monastery of Apa *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) in the presence of bishop Abraham; datable around the year 600.
E05992	Coptic ostracon from Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt) with the remains of a contract concerning cultivation of land, mentioning an institution, most likely a monastery, dedicated to Apa John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) as well as the one dedicated to Apa Phoibammon (soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E05993	Coptic ostracon from Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt) with a letter written by bishop Abraham stating that clerics should go to the shrine of Apa *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) to hold a night vigil and not just to receive the canon; datable around the year 600.
E05997	Coptic ostracon from the area of Jeme (Upper Egypt) with a list of donations/payments made to the topos of Apa John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) and Jakob (possibly the Old Testament patriarch, S00280); datable to the 7th century.
E06018	Mosaics in the dome of the Arian Baptistry of Ravenna (northern Italy), depicting the Apostles; late 5th/early 6th c.
E06053	Two anonymous sermons ('Eusebius Gallicanus', Sermons 30 and 31), on *John the Baptist (S00020). Preached in Latin in Gaul, probably in the 5th c.
E06089	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a monastery and two churches, one of which was dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00020), at the place on the River Jordan where he had baptised Christ. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/9.
E06092	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to Damascus, where a great church had been built in honour of *John the Baptist (S00020), and another church had been built by the Saracens. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06225	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the foundation and endowment by Sigebert III, king of the Franks, of the monastery at Cugnon-sur-Semois (north-east Gaul) dedicated to the Apostle Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and John (probably the Baptist, S00020), and other unnamed martyrs (S00066). Written in Latin in Gaul, 643/8.
E06226	Two authentic Merovingian royal diplomas record the foundation and endowment by Sigebert III, king of the Franks, of the monasteries at Stavelot and Malmedy (north-east Gaul), which hold relics of, Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and other unnamed saints; and their later confirmation by Theuderic III, king of the Franks; in this confirmation the monasteries are recorded as being in honour of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), of the apostles Peter and Paul, and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, 643/7 and 679/91.
E06238	Hymn for the feast of the Nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020), composed in Latin in Spain possibly in the 7th century.
E06246	Ten episcopal charters of debated authenticity, granting privileges of immunity to monasteries, record various dedications to saints at monastic churches in Gaul. Some of the charters note among their precedents the special privileges already enjoyed by the church at Chalon-sur-Saône dedicated to Marcellus (martyr of Chalon-sur-Saône, S00323) and 'the place of the saints of Agaune' (north-east Gaul), i.e. its monastery dedicated to The Theban Legion (martyrs of Agaune, S00339). Written in Latin in Gaul, 637-92.
E06278	The Latin Life of *Austregisil (bishop of Bourges, ob. 624, S02365) records the saint's background at the royal palace, his subsequent clerical career, and his miracles in life and death. Written possibly at Bourges (central Gaul), c. 650/700.
E06283	The Latin Life of *Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491), records in two books the bishop's life, miracles (several through objects that had been in contact with the saint), and death. Several churches and feasts in Arles are mentioned. Written by five clerics of the ecclesiastical province of Arles (southern Gaul), 542/5.
E06298	Fragmentary Greek epitaph for a person affiliated to the Corinthian church of *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), probably a reader (anagnostes). Found at Corinth (northeastern Peloponnese). Probably 6th c.
E06301	Audoin's Life of *Eligius (bishop of Noyon, ob. 660, S02032) records across two books the saint's lay and then episcopal career, his posthumous cult, and many miracles. It provides further evidence for many other cults in 7th-century Gaul. Written in Latin in Gaul, possibly in 660/86, with later additions and emendations.
E06327	Jerome, in his Letter 108, describes how Paula travelled to Sebaste (Palestine) in 385/6 to visit the graves of John the Baptist (S00020), Elisha (Old Testament prophet, S00239), and *Obadiah (Old Testament prophet, S01420). Written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine), 404.
E06339	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 3.3) of 592, to Iohannes, an abbot of Syracuse (Sicily), asks that a tunic of Saint *John (either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) be brought to him. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06353	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 5.11) of 594, to Iohannes, bishop of Ravenna (northern Italy), restricts his use of the pallium to certain feast days. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06379	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 8.17) of 598, to Marinianus, bishop of Ravenna, seeks to regulate the affairs of a monastery dedicated to John (probably the Baptist, S00020) and Stephen (the first martyr, S00030) at Classe (the port of Ravenna, northern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06404	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register 9.184) of 599, to Constantius, bishop of Milan (northern Italy), sends contact relics (sanctuaria) of Paul (the Apostle, S00008), John (probably the Baptist, S00020) and *Pancratius (martyr of Rome, S00307), and sets out how they should be deposited. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06406	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.195) of 599, to Scholasticus, defensor, mentions a bequest to a church dedicated to *John (the Baptist, S00020, or the Evangelist, S00042) outside Ortona (central Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06410	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.229b) of 599, to Reccared, king of the Visigoths, mentions relics he has sent the king: a reliquary in the shape of a key, containing iron from the chains that had bound Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and a cross containing both a fragment of the True Cross and some hair of John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06440	Gregory the Great in two papal letters (Register 14.7 and 14.13) of 603 and 604, to Alciso, bishop of Corfu, refers to the deposition of the body of Donatus (bishop of Euria, ob. late 4th c, S01274) in a church dedicated to John (the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) in the fortress of Cassiopus (Corfu, Ionian Islands). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06449	Gregory the Great in a document of 603 (Register, Appendix 9) issues instructions for a sevenfold litany (septiformis letania), with seven supplicatory processions through Rome to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) [Santa Maria Maggiore], seeking the end of an unspecified scourge from God; the processions are to leave from the following churches: of John (the Baptist, S00020); Marcellus (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00529); Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome, S00384); Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385); Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); Vitalis (martyr of Ravenna, S02826); Caecilia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00146). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06546	Aldhelm, in his prose On Virginity, names *John the Baptist (S00020) as an exemplary virgin. Written in Latin in southern Britain, for the nuns at the monastery at Barking (south-east Britain), c. 675/686.
E06586	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in June.
E06588	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in August.
E06659	Aldhelm's verse On Virginity lists a range of saints as exemplary virgins, with some variations to the list found in the earlier prose version of the same treatise. Written in Latin in southern Britain, for the nuns at the monastery at Barking (south-east Britain), c. 675/710. Overview entry
E06661	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope Sergius I grants special rights to the monastery at Malmesbury dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and to another besides the river Frome (both south-west Britain) dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00036). Written in Latin at Rome, 687/701, probably in 689.
E06815	Coptic guarantee document from Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), issued to the dikaion of a monastery dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00020), mentioning also a confraternity of the same saint; datable to the 8th century.
E06816	Coptic rent agreement from Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), mentioning a monastery dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00020) and a confraternity presumably of the same saint; datable to the 8th century.
E06887	List of subscriptions documenting foundations dedicated to saints in Constantinople, Syria, and Palestine, preserved in a petition to Pope Agapitus I from eastern monks. Written in Greek in Constantinople in 536.
E06907	Coptic Encomion on *John the Baptist (S00020), from Edfu (Upper Egypt), attributed to John Chrysostom; allegedly originally written in the early 5th century and translated presumably sometime between the 5th and 9th centuries.
E06932	Will of Caesarius, bishop of Arles, making provisions for ecclesiastical foundations dedicated to John (the Baptist, S00020), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Arles (southern Gaul). Written in Latin at Arles, 512/42.
E07001	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the martyrs' burials around Rome, is followed by an Appendix listing 21 churches dedicated to saints within the Aurelianic walls of Rome. Written in Latin in Rome, certainly after 625 and before 790, possibly in 642/683.
E07025	The Greek Life of *Auxentios (ascetic and monastic founder in Bithynia, ob. c. 470, S01523) recounts the life and miracles of its hero as an ascetic on mount Oxia, near Chalcedon (north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople), and founder of a nunnery at Gyrita near Chalcedon. It mentions shrines near Chalcedon. Written in Constantinople, probably in the mid 6th century.
E07049	Coptic Encomion on *John the Baptist (S00020) from the monastery of the Archangel Michael near Hamuli in the Fayum, attributed to Theodosios, archbishop of Alexandria (535–566), written in the 6th century. Skeleton entry
E07113	Sophronius of Jerusalem, in his Miracles of the Saints Cyrus and John (28), recounts how Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Egypt, S00406) healed from blindness at their shrine at Menouthis (near Alexandria, Lower Egypt) Photeinos, a man who sold fruit in front of the Alexandrian church of the 'three holy children' (certainly the Three Hebrew Youths of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198); involved in the cure was another blind Alexandrian, Nemesion, a rich and influential man who was a follower of the doctrine of fatality; the latter was not cured but commemorated the miracle by setting up at the shrine images of Christ, *John the Baptist (S00020) and Saint Kyros. Written in Greek in Alexandria, 610/615.
E07232	Caesarius, bishop of Arles, in his Sermon 33, On paying tithes: Before the nativity of St. John the Baptist, admonishes people to stay chaste and honest in the days preceding the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020), and to abjure a 'pagan' practice on the festival, of night-time or early morning bathing in springs and rivers. Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 503/542.
E07234	Caesarius, bishop of Arles, in his Sermon 216, On the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, Caesarius bishop of Arles (southern Gaul), explains and extols the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020), and enjoins his congregation to behave appropriately. Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 503/542.
E07235	Caesarius, bishop of Arles, in his Sermon 217, On the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, celebrates the feast of the nativity of *John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 503/542.
E07236	Caesarius, bishop of Arles, in his Sermon 218, On the Martyrdom of the Blessed John the Baptist, celebrates the feast of *John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 503/542.
E07375	Sophronius of Jerusalem, in his Miracles of the Saints Cyrus and John (36), recounts how Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Egypt, S00406), through multiple appearances in dreams healed from gout and converted Theodoros, a man from Thennesos (Lower Egypt) who was a heretical follower of Julian of Halicarnassus, at their shrine at Menouthis (near Alexandria, Lower Egypt). An icon is described which represented Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and *John (the Baptist, S00020), surrounded by prophets, apostles and martyrs. Written in Greek in Alexandria, 610/615.
E07377	Lombard charter recording a dispute between the bishops of Siena and Arezzo (central Italy), concerning rural churches dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Ansanus (martyr of Siena, S01345), John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Restituta (probably the virgin and martyr of Africa, S02765) and *Gervasius (martyr of Milan, S00313). Written in Latin, probably at Siena, c. 650.
E07397	Latin inscription recording the consecration of three churches: of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) by Bishop Paul of Acci in 594; of John the Baptist (S00020) at an unspecified date; and of Vincent/Vincentius (deacon and martyr of Zaragoza and Valencia, S00290) by Bishop Lilliolus of Acci in 607. The church of Stephen, and probably also the other two, were in 'Nativola', an unidentified place, presumably in the diocese of Acci (modern Guadix, southern Hispania). Said to have been found in Granada.
E07669	Jonas' Life of *Iohannes/John (abbot of Réomé, 5th/6th c., S02829) records the life, miracles, death and translation of the saint at Réomé (eastern Gaul). Written in Latin, probably at Réomé or Marchiennes (north-east Gaul), 659 (or shortly after).
E07748	List of relics and diptych from the monastery of the Holy Apostles (S02422) and Martyrs (S02818) at Arles (southern Gaul), giving the names of saints whose relics were deposited in the monastery and the people for whom prayers were to be offered in the liturgy. The list contains the names of all the Apostles, as well as Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), John the Baptist (S00020), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), together with four Gallic martyrs, Genesius (martyr of Arles, S00263), Symphorianus (martyr of Autun, S00322), Baudilius (martyr of Nîmes, S00383), and Victor (martyr of Marseille, S00382), and three Gallic bishops, Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491). Written in Latin at Arles, in 600/650.
E07781	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (8.9), describes how in July 585 King Guntram complained because he had been repeatedly asked to act as godfather to his nephew, Chlothar (the son of Chilperic), but Chlothar had not been produced. One of these occasions was on the feast of *John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 586/594.
E07817	The Miracles of Artemios (10) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed a boy of a hernia; appearing to the boy's mother in a dream-vision, he healed the child with the sign of the cross over his body. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E07913	Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, on a route northwards from Jerusalem notes Neapolis as the burial site of Joseph (Old Testament patriarch, S00277), Sebastea as the place where John (the Baptist, S00020) was beheaded, and Scythopolis as the site of the martyrdom of Basileios (martyr of Scythopolis/Skythopolis, S01150). Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E07914	Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, describes the impressive church of John (the Baptist, S00020), built by the emperor Anastasius by the river Jordan, where John baptised Jesus, and, nearby, a memorial (memoria), with a church built over it, of Elisha (Old Testament prophet, S00239), where he blessed the spring. Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E07942	The Breviarius, a brief guide to the holy places of Jerusalem, which survives in two distinct versions, mentions a number of buildings and relics associated with saints and Old Testament figures. Written in Latin, presumably in Jerusalem, perhaps (in its two surviving states) around AD 500.
E07955	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 362, during the reign of Julian, pagans dug up and profaned the remains of John the Baptist (S00020) at Sebaste, and Patrophilos (bishop of Scythopolis, S02872) at Scythopolis; both in Palestine. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07956	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 391, the head of *John the Baptist (S00020) was discovered and brought to Constantinople, and that the emperor Theodosius founded a church for the relic. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07958	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 406 the remains of Samuel (Old Testament prophet, S01429) were brought to Constantinople, and in 411 were placed in a church dedicated to him, near the church of John the Baptist (S00020) in the suburb of Hebdomon. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07961	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 453 the head of *John the Baptist (S00020) was discovered at Emesa in Syria. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07967	The Paschal Chronicle records that the emperor Phocas was crowned in the church of *John the Baptist (S00020) in Constantinople in 602. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07980	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 627, the former commander Bonus was buried in the monastery of *John the Baptist (S00020) 'of Stoudios', at Constantinople. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07999	A document, probably by Caesaria the Younger, abbess of the women's monastery in Arles, regulates burials in the triple church dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), John (the Baptist, S00020), and *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) by Caesarius of Arles. Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 550/570.
E08007	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 5890) states that the relics of *John the Baptist (S00020) were translated to Alexandria in 398. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08021	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 5957) states that a sanctuary of *John the Baptist (S00020) was built in Alexandria in 464/465. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08022	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6009) states that in 515/516 the Monophysite bishop of Alexandria, Dioskoros, was enthroned in the cathedral of Mark (the Evangelist, S00293) and that the son of the augustalis (governor of Egypt) was killed during a disturbance in the church of John the Baptist (S00020). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08026	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6041) mentions damage caused by a storm on the feast of *John (the Baptist, S00020) in 549. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08123	Anonymous poem, commissioned by Perpetuus (bishop of Tours 458/459-488/489) and recorded in the Martinellus, for a shrine (memoria) with relics of John (the Baptist, S00020), Felix (probably the soldier and martyr of Milan, brother of Nabor, S00609), Victor (probably Victor 'Maurus', soldier and martyr of Milan, S00312), and Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313); probably in, or very near, the basilica of Martin at Tours (north-west Gaul). Written in Latin at Tours.
E08131	The Greek Life of Matrona (abbess in Constantinople, 5th c., S01829) recounts the story of an aristocratic woman who entered the ascetic way of life disguised as a eunuch at the male monastery of Bassianos (5th c. abbot in Constantinople, S02890), and later founded her own nunnery in the same city. Written in Constantinople in the late 6th century.
E08205	Augustine of Hippo reminds his audience of the penance imposed on those who participated in superstitious practices on the feast of the birth of *John the Baptist (S00020). Sermon 196, delivered in Latin, in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), around 415.
E08222	The Gothic Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710. Overview entry.
E08238	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day commemorating the birth of *John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08241	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day commemorating the martyrdom of *John the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08315	35 relic labels at Sens (northern Gaul), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of a great diversity of saints. Written in Latin, perhaps at Sens, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.
E08335	The Bobbio Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in south-east Gaul, perhaps at or near Vienne, c. 675/725.
E08361	Fourteen relic labels discovered within the Sancta Sanctorum of the Lateran church of San Lorenzo in Palatio (Rome), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of various saints. One label claims that its relics have come from the monastery of Lérins (southern Gaul). Written in Latin, perhaps at Rome, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.
E08392	The canons of the church council of Agde (southern Gaul) of 506 record that it met in the basilica of *Andrew (the Apostle, S00288); one of its canons forbids the celebration of the major feasts of the Christian year in rural oratories, another condemns the use of the Sortes sanctorum. Written in Latin in Agde, 506.
E08397	The will of Somnatius, bishop of Reims (c. 613 - after 626), leaves property and money to many churches at Reims and elsewhere in northern Gaul. Will of c. 620; summary, written in Latin in the 940s by Flodoard, in his History of the Church of Reims (2.5).
E08418	A fragmentary papyrus document from Ravenna (north-east Italy) records a grant of property by Iohannes and his wife Stefania, to the women's monastery dedicated to *John the Baptist (S00020), called ad Nauicula. Written in Latin in Ravenna, perhaps c. 700.

The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity

from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world

John the Baptist

S00020

BHG 831-867
BHL 4290-4315

30

35

Male

Other New Testament saints, Martyrs

John the Baptist

S00020

BHG 831-867 BHL 4290-4315

30

35

Male

Other New Testament saints, Martyrs

BHG 831-867
BHL 4290-4315