Greek epitaph for a girl buried 'in the holy place of John', probably *John the Baptist (S00020). Found near Tyana (Cappadocia, central Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
Evidence ID
E01022
Type of Evidence
Inscriptions - Funerary inscriptions
ἡ τὴν ἅπασαν
κοσμικὴν ὕλην
θᾶθτον διαλα-
θοῦσα Κελσῖνα,
(5) θυγάτηρ Θεοπ-
ρεπίδος κὲ Οὐι-
κτωρίνου {κελ},
κατὰ χάριν θε-
οῦ ἀμίαντος
(10) παρθένος νεο-
φώτιστος ἄπιμ-
ι πρὸς τὸν θεόν.
τόδε σκήνω{μα}-
μα μου ἐν τῷ ἁ-
(15)γίῳ τόπῳ Ἰωάν-
νου ἔνθα ἔκτισ-
εν ἡ γλυκυτάτ-
η μου μήτηρ {θ}
Θεοπρεπίς
'Having prematurely escaped from all the earthly matter, I, Kelsina, daughter of Theoprepis and Viktorinos, by the grace of God depart to God, just baptised and as an undefiled virgin. My sweetest mother Theoprepis built this tomb of mine inside the holy place of John (en to hagio topo Ioannou).'
Text: I. Tyana, no. 108.
Cult PlacesPrayer/supplication/invocation
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesWomen
Cult building - independent (church)
Non Liturgical ActivityPrayer/supplication/invocation
Burial ad sanctos
Consecrating a child, or oneself, to a saint
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesWomen
Children
Other lay individuals/ people
Source
A greyish-white marble slab, found at Bor, Armutlu Mah (near ancient Tyana, Cappadocia, eastern Asia Minor). H. 1.60 m; W. 0.415 m; Th. 0.16 m; letter height 0.03-0.04 m. Photographed by Dietrich Berges.Tyana was one of the most prominent cities in Cappadocia, the capital of the province of Cappadocia Secunda (after its creation by the emperor Valens in 372) and the rival city of Kaisareia/Caesarea.
Discussion
The inscription is the epitaph for a young girl, Kelsina. It is remarkable for its peculiar phrasing and an explicit reference to a burial 'ad sanctos', close to a saint.The author of the epitaph must have had some knowledge of philosophy or theology, and of the technical terms of these disciplines, as death is here described as the escape from 'all earthly matter' / ἡ ἅπασα κοσμικὴ ὕλη. Virginity is praised as the most prominent virtue of the deceased, and the fact the girl was baptised, probably shortly before death, is also important for the author.
The second part of the epitaph provides some detail of the place of burial. It was almost certainly a burial ad sanctos, as the inscription says that Kelsina was buried 'in the holy place of John' / ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ τόπῳ Ἰωάννου ἔνθα. The identity of this John is disputable, but he is likely to be John the Baptist, as another epitaph from the area of Bor attests to a burial close to or at a sanctuary dedicated to this saint (see E01023). Unfortunately, it is not stated whether any relics, corporeal or contact, were kept at the sanctuary. It is also not explicit that the saint, and closeness of his shrine, were expected to aid the deceased in any way.
The tomb is denoted as σκήνωμα / 'tent, quarters, shrine', which is quite a rare usage. Interestingly, though in lines 5-7 both parents, Theoprepis and Viktorinos, are specified (note that the mother is mentioned before her husband), in lines 17-19 only the mother is indicated as the builder of the tomb. Presumably Viktorinos had died before his daughter. The family was certainly of local importance, as burials ad sanctos were available to a limited number of people in the East and the size of the plaque is much larger than in the case of regular tombstones.
Bibliography
Edition:Die Inschriften von Tyana, no. 108 (after Berges' photograph).
Images
)
Photograph. From: I. Tyana 2, Tafel 117.
Record Created By
Pawel Nowakowski
Date of Entry
27/12/2015
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00020 | John the Baptist | Ἰωάννης | Uncertain | S00042 | John, the Apostle and Evangelist | Ἰωάννης | Uncertain |
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Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Pawel Nowakowski, Cult of Saints, E01022 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01022