Record | The Cult of Saints

Name

Mary, Mother of Christ

Saint ID

S00033

Number in BH

BHG 1046-1161; BHL 5334-5414

Gender

Female

Type of Saint

Mary, Virgins

Related Evidence Records

ID	Title
E00040	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (8.5.1-2), describes how, on 2 February 602, the emperor Maurice attended the liturgy for the feast of Christ's Presentation at the Temple (Candlemas) at the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the Blachernae district of Constantinople, where relics of the robes of Mary were kept and venerated. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00041	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (5.15.8-10), describes how the Persian King Khosrau II had a vision of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in 596 or later, promising him victory. He related the vision to Probos, bishop of Chalcedon and venerated a portable icon of her carried by the bishop; all in Ctesiphon (Persia). Written in Greek in Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00045	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (8.8.11 and 13), describes the patrician Germanos seeking sanctuary at the shrine of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the Constantinople district of Cyrus in November 602, after being accused of conspiracy. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00046	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (5.10.4-5), describes how allied Roman and Persian troops in Mesopotamia used the name of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as a password, while helping the deposed Persian king Khosrau II to regain his throne. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00047	Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (5.16.7-8), describes the emperor Maurice sleeping in Saint Sophia, hoping to receive divine guidance through a dream, in the autumn of 590, prior to his expedition to Anchialus (eastern Balkans). The next day he attended the Eucharist at the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Pege, just outside Constantinople. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00164	Greek Calendar of Church Services to be performed at different churches in Oxyrhynchus (Middle Egypt) from the end of October to the end of March of the years 535–536, providing information on the names of many churches, and on the saints’ days celebrated in the city.
E00257	Sulpicius Severus, in his Dialogues (2.13) on Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), recounts how Martin often conversed with a number of major saints in heaven: Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and also how he knew demons by name. Written in Latin in Primuliacum (south-west Gaul), c. 404-406.
E00367	Gregory of Tours writes the Glory of the Martyrs (Liber in Gloria Martyrum), in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594. Overview entry.
E00368	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (1), tells of a well in Bethlehem from which *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) used to draw water; people of a blameless mind can see the star of the Magi moving over its waters. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00369	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (4), writes of the departure of the soul of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) with the assistance of Michael (the Archangel, S00181), and of her subsequent bodily Assumption. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00378	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (8), tells how, during the construction of a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) by the emperor Constantine (324-337), probably in Jerusalem, she appeared to the architect and told him how to raise the building's columns; her feast is also mentioned. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00379	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (8), tells how, on the feast of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), he witnessed a miraculous light emanating from her oratory on a rural estate at Marsat (central Gaul). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594..
E00380	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (9), tells the legend of a Jewish boy in the East receiving the Eucharist in a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), being thrown into a furnace by his enraged father, and being protected by her from the fire. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00381	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (9), tells the story of a monastery in Jerusalem dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) being miraculously supplied with grain and gold. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00383	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (10), tells how relics of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) and unnamed Apostles (S00084), which he wore on him in a golden cross, miraculously extinguished a fire consuming a poor man's house. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00413	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to Diocaesarea (Palestine) and veneration there of objects belonging to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00414	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to the house in Nazareth of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), now a basilica; also miracles performed by her clothes, the beauty and kindness of the Jewish women of Nazareth (Palestine), and the general well-being of the region. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00450	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to the place from which the Elijah/Elias (Old Testament prophet, S00217) was taken into heaven, and mentions a miraculous cloud which travels from the river Jordan to sit over the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and of *Sophia (personified Holy Wisdom, S00705) in Jerusalem. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00454	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to an oratory of *Mary (Mother of Christ, 0033) in Jericho (Palestine). Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00457	The Piacenza Pilgrim mentions the basilica of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) outside Jerusalem, formerly her house, from which she was taken from the body. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00458	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to the tomb of Christ in Jerusalem, where, with other relics, he saw the likeness (species), girdle, and head-band of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00467	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to a basilica of holy Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), its hospices for pilgrims and the sick, and the basilica of Sophia (personified Holy Wisdom, S00705), all in Jerusalem. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00471	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to a basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in a portico by a pool, and to the church of Isicius (probably Hesychios, priest and saint of Jerusalem, S00261), outside the walls; both at Jerusalem. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00473	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (18), recounts the story of a man from Gaul who acquired in Jerusalem relics of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), which, during his journey home, were unharmed by fire. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00474	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (19), tells of perjurers being punished after falsely swearing at the altar of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and John the Baptist (S00020) in Tours. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00482	The Piacenza Pilgrim records, on the road from Jerusalem to Bethlehem, the graves of Rachel (wife of the patriarch Jacob, S00701) and Benjamin (Old Testament patriarch, S00702), and his visit to the church [of the Kathisma] where *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), rested and water comes from the rock. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00511	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to a church in Memphis (Lower Egypt), formerly a pagan temple, into which *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) stepped with the young Jesus. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00557	A set of five Greek epigrams, referring to Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and Michael (the Archangel, S00181), probably from inscriptions describing a pictorial ensemble, and possibly from a church dedicated to Michael in Constantinople. Of uncertain date, possibly Middle Byzantine; recorded in the 10th c. Greek Anthology.
E00568	Two Greek epigrams by George Pisides in the shrine of the Blachernae at Constantinople, celebrating the miraculous raising of the 626 siege of Constantinople with the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Recorded in the 10th c. Greek Anthology.
E00690	The Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae, a guide to saints' graves around Rome, closes with the church and grave of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on the 'via Vaticana', north-west of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 625/649. A description of the basilica, added in the later 8th c., lists many of the altars of saints within the church.
E00708	Fragmentary Greek inscription from Ephesos (western Asia Minor) with an excerpt from a letter, probably from the emperor Justinian (527-565), stating the unique dignity of John (Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) and his precedence over Polycarp (bishop and martyr of Smyrna, S00004).
E00729	Greek inscription cut in the face of a quarry in Şenol on the island of Prokonnesos (Sea of Marmara). The quarry is named after *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) or a sanctuary dedicated to her. Probably the 5th c. or later.
E00730	Greek inscription on a capital found at Doğu Çamlik on the island of Prokonnesos (Sea of Marmara) with a dedication to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Tentatively dated stylistically to the Theodosian period (late 4th - earlier 5th c.).
E00739	Cave (so-called 'Grotto of Paul') at Ephesos (on the slope of Bülbüldağ, western Asia Minor), with painting, perhaps of the 5th c., showing Paul (the Apostle, S00008) and Thekla (the follower of Paul, S00092), and with undated graffiti invoking Paul (and other saints). Shrine continually in use, probably from the 5th c.
E00741	Greek list from the city of Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), presenting festal payments expected from various churches and shrines, most of them dedicated to saints, including Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Ioustos/Justus (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrrhynkos, S01172), John the Baptist (S00020), Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), Thekla (probably the follower of Apostle Paul, S00092), Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), Neilos (perhaps the martyr of Alexandria, S00405), Viktor (, martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), possibly Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Philoxenos (saint with cult at Oxyrhynchos, S00443), and Ioulianos/Julianus (probably the martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt, S00305); datable to the 5th c.
E00742	Greek inscription inscribed on a column in Ephesos (western Asia Minor), invoking the aid of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) for the city. Probably late antique (5th-8th c.).
E00765	Fragmentary Greek inscription with remnants of what could have been a governor's letter, possibly dealing with the status of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the church of John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042) in Ephesos. Found in Ephesos (western Asia Minor), at the site of the church of Mary. Probably 6th c.
E00766	Fragmentary Greek inscription with headings of two imperial letters, apparently from Justinian to Hypatios, bishop of Ephesos (western Asia Minor). The letters probably deal with tensions between the bishop of Ephesos and the clergy of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the church of John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042). 527-533.
E00778	Fragments of a Greek inscription with a letter, probably from a governor (proconsul) of the province of Asia, promulgating imperial resolutions for the episcopal church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and for the church of John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042). Found at the site of the church of *Mary in Ephesos (western Asia Minor), 530-539.
E00780	Greek inscription with a pastoral letter from bishop Hypatios of Ephesos to his community, dealing with the provision of a free burial service by the church of Ephesos, and regulating the behavior of the members of two charitable groups attached to the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in Ephesos (western Asia Minor), 530-539.
E00789	Greek dedicatory inscription on a small stone basin, found in the church of John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042) in Ephesos (western Asia Minor). Dedicated by a monk and priest of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) called 'the one of the Antonianae'. Probably 6th-7th c. or later.
E00805	Fragment of a Greek inscription with the name of a sanctuary dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) called 'the one (of the district?) of the Kyrou.' Found in Miletos (Caria, western Asia Minor), tentatively dated to 5th-6th c.
E00807	Greek inscription labelling a metaton (probably a hostel for pilgrims) of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in Miletos (Caria, western Asia Minor), probably late antique (5th/8th c.).
E00837	Greek graffiti on a marble balustrade, with invocations of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and probably John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), Michael (the Archangel, S00181), and George (soldier and martyr, S00259). Found in Aphrodisias (Caria, western Asia Minor), at the Temple/Church site. Probably 5th/6th c. or later.
E00838	Greek inscription on a small clay pot with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in Aphrodisias (Caria, western Asia Minor). Probably late antique (5th c. or later).
E00840	Fragments of a Greek dedicatory inscription with a poem in honour of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) by an unknown author inspired by the poetry of Nonnos of Panopolis. Found in Aphrodisias (Caria, western Asia Minor). Probably 6th c. or later.
E00852	The Latin Life of Maximus (bishop of Riez, ob. 452/462, S00424), by Dynamius of Marseille, describes the life, many miracles, and death of the saint, with an account of his dedication of a church to Alban (martyr of Verulamium, S01364), and references to churches dedicated to other saints. Written in south-east Gaul, c. 580/590.
E00862	Greek invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) by Modestos, perhaps archbishop of Myra (Lycia, south-west Asia Minor). Found in Myra. Probably 6th c.
E00863	Greek dedicatory inscription engraved on a silver lamp and censer, offered by bishop Eutychianos to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the Holy Sion monastery. Found in Kumluca (Lycia, south-west Asia Minor). Mid-6th c.
E00864	Greek graffito with an acclamation for the good fortune of the 'Marianoi', probably a group venerating *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Xanthos (Lycia, south-west Asia Minor). Probably 5th-7th c.
E00887	Gregory of Nazianzus in his Oration 24, On Cyprian (martyr of Carthage, S00411), of 379/380, refers to a prayer to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as a virgin saint protecting a virgin. It is the earliest recorded attestation of a prayer to her. Written in Greek at Constantinople.
E00898	Greek inscription with an invocation possibly of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer. Found at Akroinos (Phrygia, west central Asia Minor). Probably 6th/7th c.
E00901	Greek invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as 'Mother of God', found in a rock-cut church in Ayazini (area of Ipsos, Phrygia, west central Asia Minor). Late antique or possibly later.
E00910	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Dorylaion (Phrygia, west central Asia Minor). Probably 6th c.
E00920	Greek inscription with a reference to Christ, described as the offspring of the holy Virgin (*Mary, Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Laodikeia/Laodicea Combusta (Pisidia, west central Asia Minor). Probably 6th-8th c. or later.
E00937	Elaborate poetical Greek epitaph for a bishop or a 'countryside bishop' (chorepiskopos), named a 'deacon of the abstemiousness of the Virgin', perhaps a reference to *Mary, Mother of Christ (S00033). Found near Lystra (Lycaonia, central Asia Minor). Probably 4th c.
E00943	Greek graffito commemorating the consecration of a rock-cut church dedicated to Nicholas (probably the bishop of Myra under Constantine, S00520), just possibly with a reference to the intercession of Mary, Mother of Christ (S00033). Found at Strobilos (Caria, western Asia Minor). Probably 7th c.
E00951	Fragmentary inscription with a Greek dedicatory poem commemorating the foundation of a church and monastery of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Nikaia/Nicaea (Bithynia, north-west Asia Minor). Probably c. 650-717.
E00956	Greek inscription with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the Mother of God. Found near Chalcedon (Bithynia, north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople). Probably 6th c. or later.
E00958	Four Greek monograms carved on a column, which may be understood as an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer. Found near Chalcedon (Bithynia, north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople). Probably 6th c. or later.
E00961	In his sermon to catechumens, preached in Latin probably in Carthage, 429/439, Quodvultdeus, bishop of this city, refers to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) as holy, and emphasises her role as both mother and virgin.
E00964	White marble capital with a carving of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) with her Child. Found at Herakleia Pontike (Honoriad, northern Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
E00974	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), addressed as the God-Bearer, authorised by the emperor Anastasius. Found near Neoklaudioupolis (Helenopontus, northern Asia Minor). 491-518.
E00978	Greek epitaph for a woman, 'former deacon of the saints' (unnamed, S00518), ending with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Amisos (Helenopontus, northern Asia Minor). 562.
E00987	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), also called the God-Bearer. Found at Koukousos (Roman province of Armenia II, eastern Asia Minor). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E01002	Greek poetical dedicatory inscription of a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), addressed as '(our) Lady'. Found at Ankyra (Galatia, central Asia Minor). Probably 7th-9th c.
E01010	Greek epitaph for a woman that was a 'servant of God and of the God-Bearer' (*Mary, Mother of Christ, S00033). Found near Tavium (Galatia, central Asia Minor). Probably 6th c. or later.
E01012	Fragmentary Greek inscription with remnants of an apotropaic/liturgical text, referring to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the story of Exodus. Found near Nakoleia and Amorion (Galatia, central Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
E01016	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer and Virgin. Found at Malaya near Kırşehir (close to ancient Paranassos, Cappadocia, central Asia Minor). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E01048	Fragmentary Greek inscription with a reference to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the Theotokos/God-Bearer. Found at Adrassos (Isauria, southern Asia Minor). Probably 5th or 6th c.
E01063	Greek inscription labelling a sarcophagus owned by a burial club or charitable institution named after *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer, perhaps affiliated to a church dedicated to the saint. Found at Korykos/Corycus (Cilicia, south-east Asia Minor). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E01064	Greek inscription labelling a sarcophagus owned by a monastery named after *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer. Found at Korykos/Corycus (Cilicia, south-east Asia Minor). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E01073	Greek inscription with a poem commemorating the construction of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and encouraging her to settle in the sanctuary. Found near Korykos/Corycus (Cilicia, south-east Asia Minor). Probably 5th or 6th c.
E01078	Greek inscription labelling a tomb owned by a house of ascetics (asketerion) of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) venerated as the God-Bearer. Found at Anazarbos (Cilicia, south-east Asia Minor). Probably 6th c. or later.
E01080	Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a building dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer, probably a village church. Found near Flaviopolis (Cilicia, south-east Asia Minor). Very probably 590.
E01130	Greek inscription with a request for God's grace for a household, with an invocation of Christ and possibly *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Priene (Caria, western Asia Minor). Probably late antique or later.
E01139	Small bronze leaf with an inscription labelling animals (probably horses) of a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Now in a private collection. Probably originating from northern or central Asia Minor. Probably 6th c.
E01151	Greek epitaph for a servant of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Found at Germia (Galatia, central Asia Minor). Probably late 5th-6th c.
E01176	Fragment of a Greek inscription referring to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042) as the Theologian, probably with an excerpt from an imperial letter. Found in Pythagorio (Samos, the Aegean Islands). Tentatively dated to mid-5th c., but more likely to be 6th c.
E01180	Greek invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer, asked to 'steer' a city. Found at Mytilene (Lesbos). Possibly late antique or later.
E01197	The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetor recounts how, after the pagan temple in Heliopolis-Baalbek (Lebanon) had been destroyed by lightning in the year 525/526, a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) was built in its place. Written, probably in Amida (northern Mesopotamia), c. 568/569.
E01215	The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite recounts how, during the year 504/505, the eunuch Urbicius made a donation for the building of a martyrium-church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Edessa (northern Mesopotamia). In the same year, the city's governor diverted the oil assigned to Edessa's martyr-shrines to the lighting of the city's street. Written in Edessa, 506/515.
E01218	Fragments of a Greek inscription with an oracle predicting the conversion of a pagan temple into a church dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), also referring to an unnamed Archangel. Found at Ikaria (the Aegean Islands). Probably 5th-6th c.
E01219	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found near Eresos (Lesbos, the Aegean Islands). Probably late antique.
E01223	Coptic Encomium on Apa *Mena/Menas (soldier and martyr buried at Abu Mena, S00073) attributed to John, archbishop of Alexandria, most likely John IV (775-789), who had been an oikonomos at the saint’s shrine, presenting a history of the saint’s life as a man from Nikiu (in the Nile Delta, Lower Egypt), his martyrdom and afterlife, with a detailed account of the development of his shrine at Abu Mina.
E01225	Coptic Martyrdom of Paese and Thekla (brother and sister, martyrs of Alexandria, S00750) from Pousire in the Hermopolite nome and from Antinoopolis, both martyrs in Alexandria under the dux Armenios, but beheaded on their way south. The account includes: the martyrdom of Viktor (son of Romanos, Egyptian martyr, S00749) at Alexandria; miracles performed by and on the saints through Raphael (the Archangel, S00481); a visit of Paese to the heavenly Jerusalem; a boat trip on which Thekla meets Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Elisabeth (mother of John the Baptist, S01328), and the Archangels Gabriel (S00192) and *Raphael (S00481); an account of the benefits that will be gained by adherents of Paese and Thekla's cult. Probably written in the 6th/7th c., preserved in a 9th c. manuscript.
E01227	Greek inscription with an invocation perhaps of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Found near Lartos (Rhodes, the Aegean Islands). Probably 6th c. or later.
E01228	The so-called cave of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), on the island of Tinos (the Aegean Islands) houses dozens graffiti and dipinti invoking God, Stephen, and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Probably 6th-13th c.
E01232	Rocks near Grammata on the island of Syros (the Aegean Islands) are covered with dozens of graffiti, mostly authored by ship-owners and sailors asking for a safe journey and invoking God as the Lord, Phokas (martyr of Sinope, S00052), and unnamed Apostles. The graffiti also contain references to ships named after *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01238	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription with a reference to a ship named after *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the founder (sic!) of the mosaic. Found at Mastichari (Kos, the Aegean Islands). Probably 500-554.
E01247	Coptic funerary inscription on marble from the necropolis of the monastery of Apa Ieremias at Saqqara (Lower Egypt) with an invocation to the typical group of saints celebrated at Saqqara: Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Adam (the first man, S00772), Apa *Ieremias, Apa Enoch, and Ama Sibylla (saints of Saqqara, S00773); datable to the 8th/9th c.
E01248	Coptic joint funerary inscription on marble probably from the monastery of Apa Ieremias at Saqqara (Lower Egypt) with an invocation to the typical group of saints celebrated at Saqqara: Apa Ieremias, Apa Enoch, and Ama Sibylla (saints of Saqqara, S00773), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and *Michael (the Archangel, S00181); possibly of the 8th/9th century.
E01249	Coptic joint funerary inscription on marble most likely from the necropolis of the monastery of Apa Ieremias at Saqqara (Lower Egypt) with an invocation to the typical group of saints celebrated at Saqqara: Ieremias, Enoch and Sibylla (saints of Saqqara, S00773), the Archangels Michael and Gabriel (S00181 and S00192),Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Adam and Zoe/Eve (the first man and woman, S00772), Apollo, Phib and Anoup (monks and monastic founders, S00774), and other holy men; possibly of the 8th/9th century.
E01251	Coptic funerary inscription with a long invocation to a large number of saints including Michael (the Archangel, S00181),Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Adam and Zoe/Eve (the first man and woman, S00772), the Prophets, the Apostles, the Martyrs and Confessors, and Apollo, Anoup and Phib (monks and monastic founders, S00774), as well as a long list of other holy monastic figures. The inscription on a limestone stele presumably dates to the 6th/9th century, and most likely comes from Bawit (Middle Egypt).
E01252	Coptic funerary inscription, probably from Bawit, with a long invocation to a large number of saints including the Archangels Michael and Gabriel (S00181 and S00192),Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Adam and Zoe/Eve (the first man and woman, S00772), the Apostles (S00084), the martyrs Viktor (martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), Phoibammon (soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and Menas (soldier and martyr buried at Abu Mena, S00073), and Pamoun (possibly the monk and martyr of Alexandria, S00775), as well as a long list of monastic figures that includes Apollo, Anoup and Phib (monks and monastic founders, S00774); of unknown date, presumably 6th/9th century and most likely from Bawit (Middle Egypt).
E01257	A graffito in Greek, probably of the 7th/9th c., in the basilica of Demetrios (martyr of Thessalonike, S00761) in Thessalonike (south Balkans/Greece), invokes Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Demetrios (martyr of Thessalonike, S00761), and Theodore (martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480).
E01271	The church of Panagia Drosiani on the island of Naxos (Aegean Islands) houses labelled pre-iconoclastic paintings of saints, datable to the 7th/8th c.: Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); possibly Solomon (Old Testament king of Israel, S00270); John the Baptist (S00020); just possibly Catherine (martyr of Alexandria, S00765); possibly George (soldier and martyr, S00259); and *Ioulianos/Julianus (possibly the martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt, S00305).
E01279	Greek inscriptions from the chancel screen from the cathedral church Katapoliani/Ekatontapyliani on the island of Paros (Aegean Islands) suggest that this important sanctuary was originally dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Probably mid-6th c.
E01295	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Xystus III (bishop of Rome, ob. 440, S00764) describes the construction and decoration of several churches in Rome during his episcopate (432-440): the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), present-day Santa Maria Maggiore, the confessiones of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), and a basilica and confessio of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037).
E01302	Coptic funerary inscription from Bawit (Middle Egypt) with a long invocation to a large number of saints including the Archangels Michael (S00181) and Gabriel (S00192), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Adam and Zoe/Eve (the first man and woman, S00772), the Apostles (S00084), the martyrs Viktor (son of Romanos, Egyptian martyr, S00749), Phoibamon (soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), Menas (soldier and martyr buried at Abu Mena, S00073), the Martyrs of Thone (S00771), and a long list of monastic figures including *Apollo, Anoup and Phib (monks and monastic founders, S00774); presumably 6th/8th century.
E01306	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Hilarus (bishop of Rome, ob. 468, S00566), tells how he issued a decree at the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) inside Rome, and of his burial in a crypt outside the city, near Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and close to the body of Xystus III (bishop of Rome, S00601) [AD 468].
E01307	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Hilarus (bishop of Rome, ob. 468, S00566) names his refurbishments in, and offerings to, several churches and oratories in Rome: dedicated to John (Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E01313	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Simplicius (bishop of Rome, ob. 483, S00729) tells how he dedicated churches in and around Rome to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), and Bibiana (martyr of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00728); made arrangements concerning clergy in the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037); and made gifts to St Peter's basilica; it closes with a record of his burial in St Peter's basilica on 2 March [AD 483].
E01316	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Gelasius (bishop of Rome, ob. 496, S00789), recounts his burning of heretical books before the doors of the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Rome; his dedication of a basilica of Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) in Tibur/Tivoli, and basilicas of Eleutherius (martyr of Rome, S01661), Nicander (saint of Rome, S00788), and Andreas (probably Andrew the Apostle, S00288) on the via Labicana, outside Rome; his building of a basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) on the via Laurentina; and his burial in the basilica of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 21 November [AD 496]. A later interpolation records the discovery of the sanctuary of the Archangel *Michael (S00181) on Monte Gargano (southern Italy).
E01318	A lead leaf and a lead tablet with similar Greek popular exorcisms, invoking Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Ouriel (the Archangel, S00770), Raphael (the Archangel, S00481), Enoch (Old Testament patriarch, S00762), Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), and *Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282). Said to have been found near Trikomo (Cyprus). Probably 7th-8th c.
E01321	Painted Greek inscription with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer, asked to protect a comes. Found in Salamis/Constantia (Cyprus). Probably 5th-6th c.
E01338	The church of Panagia Kanakaria at Lythrankomi (north-eastern Cyprus) houses a mosaic with depictions of Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), unnamed Archangels (almost certainly Michael, S00181, and Gabriel, S00192), and with labelled depictions of Apostles and Evangelists. Probably 525-550.
E01339	The church of Panagia Angeloktistos at Kiti (southeastern Cyprus) houses a mosaic with depictions of Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and unnamed Archangels (almost certainly Michael (S00181) and Gabriel (S00192)). Probably 6th c.
E01340	The church of Panagia tes Kyras near Livadia (eastern Cyprus) houses a mosaic with depictions of Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and an unnamed Archangel. Probably 6th c.
E01345	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Symmachus (bishop and confessor of Rome, ob. 514, S00793), mentions the ordination of his rival, Laurentius, in the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); the murder of priests of the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), called 'in chains', and of Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00384); and the burial of Symmachus at St Peter's basilica on 19 July [AD 514]; all in Rome. In the second edition, Symmachus is described as a 'confessor', one who suffered for his faith.
E01350	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of *Symmachus (bishop and confessor of Rome, ob. 514, S00793), lists his building works at, and donations to, the churches of various saints in Rome and its region during his episcopate (498-514).
E01357	The second edition of the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome between the 530s and 546, in its account of John I (bishop of Rome, ob. 526, S00308), lists his renovation works in the cemeteries of Nereus and Achilles (eunuchs and martyrs of Rome, S00403), of Felix and Adauctus (martyrs of Rome, S00421), and of Priscilla, all in the suburbs of Rome; his adornment of the confessio of Paul (the Apostle, S00008); as well as offerings made by the emperor Justin I to the churches in Rome of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), of Paul (the Apostle, S00008), of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037).
E01365	Coptic miniature parchment codex with oracle answers (sortes sanctorum) presented in the name of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); of unknown provenance, datable to the 6th c.
E01366	Greek inscription with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer. Found near the village of Agioi Deka, close to ancient Gortyna (southern Crete). Probably 5th-6th c.
E01371	Fragment of a Greek inscription just possibly referring to a martyr shrine (martyrion), and to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer. Found near the village of Agioi Deka, close to ancient Gortyna (southern Crete). Probably 6th c. or later.
E01379	Greek inscription with a request for the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer, and of a saint whose name is lost. Found near Eleutherna, central-west Crete. Probably 5th c.
E01382	Fragmentary Greek inscription referring to unnamed Holy Fathers and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Found in Prines Mylopotamou near Eleutherna, central-west Crete. Perhaps late antique.
E01388	Seals with invocations in Greek, and depictions of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God Bearer. Found in the ruins of Gortyna (south Crete). Probably 6th-8th c.
E01391	Greek inscription on a bronze round object (identified as a buckle) with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Found at Knossos (north Crete). Probably 7th c.
E01392	Seals with bilingual Greek/Latin inscriptions of owners, and with images of saints: Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), John the Baptist (S00020), and *Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192). Found in various locations on Crete. 5th-7th c.
E01395	Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History (7.5), reports miraculous visions and cures at the Anastasia church of Constantinople, which are ascribed to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/450.
E01403	Greek dedicatory inscriptions on four capitals, commemorating the offering of columns to a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in the 17th c. church in the village of Aphantos/Afandou, near the city of Rhodes (island of Rhodes; Aegean Islands). Probably late antique.
E01429	The short Life of Boniface IV (bishop of Rome, ob. 615, S00841) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome, early in the 7th c., mentions his conversion of the Pantheon into the church of the blessed Mary, 'ever-virgin' (S00033), and of All Martyrs (S02818), and Boniface's burial in the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), all in Rome.
E01430	Copper disc with a depiction of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192) in the Annunciation scene. Probably from Constantina/Tella (north Mesopotamia/Osroene). Probably 6th c.
E01460	So-called Basilica A/the 'Great Basilica' in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), a major place of the cult of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), housing the relics of the saint probably since at least the last third of the 5th c. A number of important inscriptions and substantial archaeological evidence, relating to the cult of Sergios, were found at the site.
E01461	Greek, Syriac, and Arabic graffiti from so-called Basilica A/the 'Great Basilica' in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), a major place of the cult of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), with invocations of Sergios, and of other saints and Old Testament figures. From the 6th c. onwards.
E01462	Greek inscriptions from so-called Basilica B in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), one just possibly referring to the cult of Leontios (martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), and one to that of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Probably 6th c.
E01612	The Syriac Letter Sent by the Abbots of Arabia to the Orthodox Bishops is subscribed by a monk of a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the Roman province of Arabia. Written in Arabia in 569/570.
E01613	The Syriac Letter Sent by the Abbots of Arabia to the Orthodox Bishops is subscribed by the abbot of a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the Roman province of Arabia. Written in Arabia in 569/570.
E01625	Greek inscription on a lintel, with an invocation of Christ as the Messiah and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Ḥūarte/Hawarte, close to ancient Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Perhaps late 6th-7th c.
E01627	Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions, commemorating the completion and paving of a memorial shrine (martyrion) of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer. Found at Abou Roubeis near ancient Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh (central Syria). Dated 7th July 530; 529; 540.
E01629	The short Life of Theodorus (bishop of Rome, ob. 649, S00856) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, records his transfer of the bodies of Primus and Felicianus (martyrs of Rome, S00855) from the via Nomentana outside Rome to the intramural church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and his gifts there; the building of a church of Valentinus (priest and martyr of Rome, S00433) on the via Flaminia to the north of Rome; and oratories dedicated to Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400) at the Lateran, and Euplus (martyr of Catania, S00207) outside the gate of St Paul (the Apostle, S00008). It also refers to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) 'at the Crib' [= S. Maria Maggiore], and to Theodorus' burial at St. *Peter's (the Apostle, S00036) on 14 May.
E01634	The short Life of Martin (bishop and confessor of Rome, ob. 653, S00859) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions a miracle which saved his life at the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) 'at the Crib' in Rome; his death in exile as a 'confessor' at Chersonesos (in the Crimea); his burial, perhaps in a church of Mary, on 17 December; and posthumous miracles.
E01642	Greek votive inscription on a marble altar table, now in the Louvre Museum, commemorating its offering to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Unknown provenance, possibly Syria, the territory of Palmyra (central Syria/Phoenicia Libanensis). Probably 6th c.
E01643	The short Life of Vitalianus, bishop of Rome (ob. 672, 00682) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, describes the visit to Rome in 663 of the emperor Constans II: he visited the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), making gifts at each, and processing with his army on a Sunday to St Peter's; also mentioned are Constans' removal to Constantinople of the bronze tiles of the church of St Mary 'ad Martyres' (the Pantheon), and Vitalianus' burial at St Peter's on 27 January.
E01644	Greek inscriptions from the Monastery of Symeon the Younger (stylite near Antioch, ob. 592, S00860) at the 'Wondrous Mountain' near Antioch on the Orontes (north Syria), mentioning the joint intercession of Symeon and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), perhaps for the successful restoration of the monastery. 592-13th c.
E01657	Silver and pottery lamps with Greek inscriptions referring to the 'blessing of the God-Bearer', i.e. *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in Syria, exact provenance usually unknown. Possibly produced in Jerusalem. Probably late antique.
E01664	The short Life of Agatho (bishop of Rome, ob. 681, 00872) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions his offerings at the churches of the Apostles, presumably the basilcas of Peter (S00036) and of Paul (S00008), and at the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) 'at the Crib', and his burial at St Peter's on 10 January.
E01665	The short Life of Agatho (bishop of Rome, ob. 681, 00872) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions several cult places in Constantinople: an oratory of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in the imperial palace; the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae; and the church of Sophia (Holy Wisdom, S00705), all visited by the papal legates for the council of 680-681, who are said to have been accompanied by *Peter (the Apostle, 00036).
E01671	Greek dedicatory inscription with probably an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Šeiḥ Sleimān/Shekh Slēmân in the Limestone Massif (north Syria, between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo). Dated 519/520.
E01685	Greek dedicatory inscriptions to Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and busts of: Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Apostles Peter (S00036), and Paul (S00008), engraved on the paten and a chalice from the silver treasure of the Cleveland Museum of Art (Ohio). Provenance: a village of 'Beth Misôna' in Syria. Probably 6th c.
E01686	Fragmentary Greek inscription on a lintel, probably invoking *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Kafr Aqid, to the south of Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably late antique.
E01690	Greek inscription with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), by the founder of a church or a fort, a military dux Fredoulf. Found at ar-Ruwayb in Djebel Ḥaṣṣ, near Chalkis, Beroia/Aleppo, and Anasartha (north Syria). Dated 551.
E01697	Greek inscriptions with epitaphs for lesser clerics from two churches dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), at Tyre (west Phoenicia). Probably 6th/7th c.
E01698	The short Life of Benedict II (bishop of Rome, ob. 685, S00887) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, names his refurbishments at, and offerings to, churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), Valentinus (priest and martyr of Rome, S00443), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), in and around Rome; names the feast of Valentinus; and mentions Benedict's burial at the church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 8 May.
E01722	Greek dedicatory inscription to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at the island of Chios (the Aegean Islands). Exact provenance unknown. Possibly late antique.
E01724	Fragmentary Greek inscription mentioning the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Found at Argala near Mytilene (island of Lesbos; Aegean Islands). Probably late antique.
E01728	Greek inscription on a reused sarcophagus with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Kalliopi (island of Lemnos; Aegean Islands). Possibly late antique.
E01730	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at ar-Raqqah (ancient Kallinikon; Osroene). Dated 590-602.
E01734	A Coptic list of holy books belonging to the monastery of Apa Elijah/Elias (probably the Old Testament prophet, S00217) 'on the mountain', presumably at Aphroditopolis/Atfih (Middle Egypt), lists a papyrus manuscript containing the Life of Mary (possibly Mary of Egypt, S00903); list datable to the 7th/8th century.
E01758	Amulets from the collection of S. Ayvaz with Greek inscriptions invoking the Archangels: Michael (S00181), Gabriel (S00192), Ouriel (S00770), and depictions showing Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and a holy rider. Found in Syria, various locations. Probably Roman impeiral, late antique, and/or middle Byzantine. Pagan and/or Christian.
E01761	Painted roundel with a bust of a female saint, probably *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), painted on a tomb above an epitaph dated 12 August 440. Found at the necropolis of Tyre (west Phoenicia).
E01765	Fragmentary Greek painted inscription on a column, with an invocation of God as the Lord and an acclamation of Tyre as the city of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), here named the God-Bearer. Found at Tyre (west Phoenicia). Probably 6th or 7th c.
E01772	An unpublished fragmentary inscription with remnants of a poem, perhaps praising the seizure of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Tyre by the Chalcedonians. Found in Tyre (west Phoenicia). Probably 6th c.
E01781	'Tessera' with a labelled depiction of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the Christ Child. Found near Beroia/Aleppo (central Syria). Possibly late antique.
E01790	Greek inscriptions commemorating the construction of an oratory (eukterion) of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) by two men of importance (provincial tax-officers), of the rank of megaloprepestatoi. Found at Rasm al-Hagal, to the southeast of Chalkis and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). One of them is dated 553/554 or 555/556.
E01792	Greek inscription invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Mektebeh, to the southeast of Chalkis and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Probably late antique.
E01793	Greek inscription invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Mektebeh, to the southeast of Chalkis and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Probably 6th c.
E01795	Greek inscription possibly referring to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Burdj Sbinneh/Borg Sbinne near Chalkis and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Probably late antique.
E01799	Greek lintel inscription with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), asked to help an architect. Found at the larger church at Šeiḥ Sleimān/Shekh Slēmân between Beroia/Aleppo and Antioch on the Orontes (north Syria). Probably late 5th-early 7th c.
E01801	Fragmentary Greek inscription with the name of a saint, possibly *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), possibly labelling a relief with her bust. Found at Refāde/Sitt er-Rum, between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo. Probably late antique.
E01803	Greek inscription with an invocation of God and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), asked to help a presbyter. Found at Deir Rehšān near Antioch on the Orontes (north Syria). Probably late antique.
E01804	Greek building inscription invoking *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), asked to help the founders and donors of her shrine (hagios oikos). Found at Dāna/Al-Dana, between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria) in Jabal Halaqa. Probably 5th-7th c.
E01809	Fragmentary Greek lintel inscription, apparently with the name of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) included in the Trinitarian formula. Found at Deir Sēta between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Probably the 6th c.
E01813	Greek inscription with invocations of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and probably Dometios (probably the monk of Syria, later 4th c., S00414). Found at Kfer Fenche, between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Probably 6th c.
E01869	Greek inscription on a lintel, invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), probably for a household and its owner. Found at I'djāz near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01876	Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and a relief carving of Mary with her Child from a pillar of the chancel screen. Found in Church B at Ḥawa near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01879	Gregory of Nyssa in his Life of Gregory the Miracle-Worker (bishop and missionary in Pontus, S00687), of the late 370s or the 380s, recounts a vision experienced by the saint (purportedly in the early 3rd century), with John the Evangelist (S00042) and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) revealing the doctrine of the Trinity. Written in Greek in Asia Minor.
E01882	Labelled relief of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) with her Child, a possible invocation of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and a building inscription, all from a church dedicated to Mary at Rouweyḍa near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Dated 554/555.
E01885	Greek inscription invoking the protection of God for a tower, through the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and of All Saints (S01151). Found at Qaṣr el-Mouḥarram near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Dated 551.
E01886	Greek inscription invoking the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) to protect a gateway. Found at Qaṣr el-Mouḥarram near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably c. 570.
E01887	Greek inscription invoking *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer and perhaps as the mother of saved Christians. Found at Qaṣr el-Mouḥarram near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably 6th c.
E01888	Greek building inscription for a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at el-Hazime/Al-Hazim to the east of Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Dated 390/391.
E01891	Greek building inscription on a tower, invoking the help of the God born of Mary (Mother of Christ S00033), and possibly referring to the intercession of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Fān eš-Shemāli near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Dated 576/577.
E01893	Greek building inscription with a prayer addressed to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found probably at er-Rouḥaiye, to the east of Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Probably later 5th-7th c.
E01894	Syriac inscription followed by the name 'Maria' in Greek letters, possibly referring to a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Ḥalbān near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01895	Greek building inscription for a tower (pyrgos), probably recorded as built through the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), unnamed Archangels, and unnamed *Apostles. Found at eṭ-Ṭayyibe near Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01898	Greek building inscription on the doorway of a tower, invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Tamak, to the east of Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Dated 540/541.
E01901	Coptic Encomion on *Theodore 'Stratelates' (general and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00136), attributed to Anastasios of Euchaita and presented on the saint's feast day, relating how his father was a Christian Egyptian, how he slew a dragon and was martyred, and how his mother took his body to be buried 'at the mountain of Shotep' in Upper Egypt. Written sometime in the 6th/8th c., preserved in a manuscript dated to 861.
E01926	Greek inscription from a boundary stone marking the asylum of a church, or churches, dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385). Found at Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Probably 6th c.
E01929	Greek building inscription for an oratory (eukterion) of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Mariamme/Mariamīn near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria) and Ḥimṣ/Emesa. Dated 493.
E01933	Fragmentary Greek inscription possibly referring to a monastery (phrontisterion) named after *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Garion/Ghoūr to the west of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01937	Greek inscription invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), possibly for a miaphysite presbyter. Found at Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Dated 568/569.
E01944	Greek building inscription commemorating a construction (ktisma) 'in the name of the God-Bearer (Theotokos)', i.e. *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Salamiye (ancient Salamias), to the northeast of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Dated 604.
E01949	Greek building inscription for a church (oikos) dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), possibly by a miaphysite group. Found at Khirbet et-Tīn, to the west of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Dated 592.
E01952	Fragmentary Greek inscription invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), for a local community and probably for a presbyter. Originally situated at Liftāya to the west of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Probably the 6th-7th c.
E01953	A labelled depiction of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), on a marble plaque, in a relief Nativity scene. Found at Iabrouda/Yabrūd to the south of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (south Phoenicia). Probably the 6th-7th c. or later.
E01954	Greek inscription from a boundary stone marking the asylum of a church/oratory (eukterios oikos) dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Anğarr, near el-Maṣna and Heliopolis/Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley (east Lebanon/southwest Phoenicia). Probably 6th c.
E01955	Greek graffito with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in the temple of Bel at Palmyra (east Syria/northeast Phoenicia Libanensis). Probably 6th-7th c.
E01971	Syriac inscription on the gateway of a monastery, recording the dedication of its church to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the God-Bearer. Found at Qaṣr ed-Deir in Jabal al-Ala to the west of Beroia/Aleppo (central Syria). Probably late antique.
E01972	Syriac inscription commemorating the construction, probably of a monastic church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Kefr Derian in Jabal Barisha, to the west of Beroia/Aleppo (central Syria). Probably late antique.
E02051	Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions commemorating the completion and paving of a church (naos) dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in 533, and the restoration of the mosaics in 582. Also the help of the God of Mary and of All Saints (S01151) is invoked. Found at Riḥāb, between Bostra and Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/the Roman province of Arabia).
E02058	John of Ephesus, in his Ecclesiastical History (III.6), records how in the year 577, after the unsuccessful siege of the city of Tella de-Mawzelat/Constantia in Mesopotamia, the Persian troops destroyed the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) located outside the city. Written in Syriac in Constantinople, 588/589.
E02114	Greek inscription, probably recording a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Izra/Zorava near Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 5th-6th c.
E02117	Greek dedicatory inscription with a prayer addressed to Christ, asked to accept offerings through the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Izra/Zorava to the northwest of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 6th c.
E02146	Greek building inscription for a church (oikos) dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as the God-Bearer (Theotokos). Found at Sakkaia/Maximianopolis near Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E02149	Greek inscription with a poem commemorating the construction of a church of 'immeasurable beauty' dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), probably by Antipater, archbishop of Bostra, and comparing his doctrinal disputes with the triumph of the martyrs. Found at Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Possibly c. 460-470.
E02151	Greek papyrus from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt) with the beginning of a lease involving a church of Mary, presumably *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as the lessor to a female lessee, dated 17 October 516.
E02223	Greek fiscal codex from the village of Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a church and a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); dated to the year 716/717.
E02229	Fragment of a Greek fiscal register, from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning an institution dedicated to Mary, presumably *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the beginning of the 8th century
E02240	Greek inscription just possibly referring to a Saint John (if so, probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), as well as Christ. Found at Muṭā'iyyeh, to the west of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 5th-6th c.
E02244	Greek inscription with an invocation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Ta'leh, to the north of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late antique.
E02250	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (7.10), recounts how in 584 Rigunth, daughter of King Chilperic and Fredegund, took up residence in the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Toulouse (south-west Gaul). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 584/594.
E02285	Greek amulet from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), invoking the help of Mary (Μother of Christ, S00033), John (the Apostle and Εvangelist, S00042), Serenos/Sirenos (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrhynchos, S00134), Philoxenos (saint with cult at Oxyrhynchos, S00443), Viktor (presumably the martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), Ioustos/Justus (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrrhynchos, S01172), and all saints; datable to the 5th century.
E02294	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of Marianus and Iacobus (clerics and martyrs of Numidia, S01132); he compares the mother of Marianus to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and encourages his audience to imitate the martyrs. Sermon 284, delivered in Latin, probably in Carthage (central North Africa), possibly in either 397 or 418.
E02306	Greek list of furniture from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), mentioning two gilded icons, one of Kollouthos (physician and martyr of Antinoopolis, S00641), the other of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), located in the triclinium of a suburban villa; datable to the late 6th/early 7th century.
E02322	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (8.40), tells the story of a perjurer who swore a false oath in the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Tours and died shortly afterwards; his wish to be buried in a church of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) at Candes (Touraine, north-west Gaul) was miraculously confounded; all in 586. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 586/594.
E02341	A niche at the entrance to the 'episcopal complex' of Gerasa/Jerash (Roman province of Arabia) has painted inscriptions, with the names of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and of the Archangels Michael (S00181) and *Gabriel (S00192). Probably 5th c. or later.
E02346	Greek account, from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), concerning the collection of bricks for building works, listing some intended for an institution dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the 6th century.
E02369	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (9.42), quotes the letter that Radegund (former queen, and monastic founder, ob. 587, S00182) wrote in 560/561 in defence of her monastery in Poitiers (western Gaul), setting it under the protection of the Holy Cross, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183) and Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050); in the same letter Radegund asks to be buried in the church of Mary that she is building within the monastery. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 589/594.
E02374	Greek land lease, from Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), mentioning an oratory dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the first half of the 7th century.
E02380	Fragmentary Greek inscription asking *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), to accept an offering. Found at Gerasa/Jerash (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 6th c.
E02397	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.1), quotes in full the instructions of Pope Gregory the Great in 590 to the people of Rome, then suffering the plague, for a sevenfold litany (septiformis letania), with seven supplicatory processions through the city to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) [Santa Maria Maggiore], departing from different churches: of Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385); Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313); Marcellinus and Petrus (priest and exorcist, martyrs of Rome, S00577); Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome, S00384); Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017); Clemens/Clement, (bishop of Rome, martyr of the Crimea, S00111). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 590/594.
E02403	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), recounts how Ommatius, the twelfth bishop of Tours (bishop 521-525), restored the church of Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313), began to construct the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and was buried in the church of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397,S00050); all in Tours. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02405	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), records that Iniuriosus, the fifteenth bishop of Tours (bishop 529-546), completed the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Tours, and that in his time the church of Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 448, S00455) at Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne in the Touraine was constructed. Injuriosus was buried in the church of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in Tours. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02477	Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions from the rotunda church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Madaba (Roman province of Arabia), with a poem praising Mary as the Mother of God and possibly indicating the presence of her image, a dedicatory text dated probably 767, and an invocation to her (probably c. 607/608).
E02524	The so-called Madaba Mosaic Map shows a number of labelled places of the cult of saints in the Holy Land (mainly monasteries). Found in Madaba (Roman province of Arabia). Probably mid-6th c.
E02548	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the completion of a chapel of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), at the basilica of Moses at Mount Nebo/Siyagha (Roman province of Arabia); also a marble reliquary. Probably c. 600-610.
E02563	Two floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions: one (of probably c. 550-600) invoking the intercession of unnamed saints for an 'abbot of the whole desert', a stylite, and other monks; the other, dated 762, commemorating the restoration of a monastic chapel (septe mone) dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Wadi 'Ayn al-Kanisah on Mount Nebo (Roman province of Arabia).
E02633	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription with a poem describing an image of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at el-Rashidiyah, near Buseira (ancient Bosor in Edom) and Gharandal (ancient Arindela) in south Jordan/Roman province of Palaestina III. Dated 574.
E02677	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Confessors (64), tells how a man buried in the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Lyon (south-east Gaul) appeared to his pious wife in a vision to reveal the fraud of a priest who was stealing the fine wine she was donating to the church. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 587/588.
E02682	Fragmentary Greek inscription invoking Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the Michael (the Archangel, S00181). Found at Sala/Saleh, near Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 6th-7th c.
E02731	Fragmentary Greek inscription from a lintel, probably commemorating the construction of a monastery (mone) dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and an unspecified John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042). Found at Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Precise provenance unknown. Probably 6th c.
E02733	Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a charitable institution for elderly poor women or nuns (gerokomeion), by a church or monastery of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) or through the intercession of the saint. Found at Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Precise provenance unknown. Probably 6th c.
E02796	Greek painted inscriptions on pottery fragments, just possibly mentioning 'alms of the God-Bearer', i.e. *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at the Nea Church at Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). 6th c. or later.
E02804	Gregory of Tours, in his Miracles of Martin (1.5), tells how Ambrose (bishop of Milan, ob. 397, S00490) attended in a dream the funeral of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) in 397. Gregory also mentions how Martin was welcomed into heaven by Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Michael (the Archangel, S00181). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/576.
E02820	Bronze medallion with a Greek inscription invoking the help of possibly *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at 'Ein Ya'el near Jerusalem. Probably 6th c. or later.
E02822	Mosaic panels from excavations under the modern Church of Mary's Nativity on the Via Dolorosa (Jerusalem), just possibly mentioning Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and her parents: Joachim and Anne (S01327). Possibly 7th c. or later.
E02826	Hymn in honour of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) composed in Latin in Hispania, possibly in the 7th century.
E02830	Clay lamps with Greek inscriptions with names of saints: Elijah/Elias (Old Testament prophet, S00217) and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably late 5th - early 8th c.
E02857	Greek inscription, once wrongly thought to have mentioned a Christian orphanage affiliated with a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Caesarea Maritima (Roman Province of Palaestina I). Probably 5th - mid-7th c.
E02871	Large marble block with a Greek inscription labelling it as a 'weight of (a church) of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Caesarea Maritima (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably late antique.
E02883	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, and partly on various Byzantine Synaxaria, commemorates on 16 January the annunciation to Joachim (father of Mary, S01327) of the birth of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the martyrdom of *Sisinnios and his Companions (perhaps the Anaunian martyrs, S00608).
E02884	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, commemorates on 18 January the consecration of the Monastery of Choziba of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), the bishops of Alexandria, Alexander (ob. 326/328,S00294), Athanasios (ob. 374, S00294), and Kyrillos/Cyril (ob. 444, S00733), and *Paul of Thebes (the first anchorite, S01349).
E02899	Lead seals of officials and ecclesiastics, decorated with images of saints, mainly *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), including a seal of the Nea Church in Jerusalem, dedicated to Mary. All found at Caesarea Maritima (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th-7th c.
E02949	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 18 January, at the Monastery of Choziba, the dedication of the Monastery of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E02963	Lead seals: of the emperor Phocas and of local notables, perhaps all from Askalon (Roman province of Palaestina I). Five are decorated with images of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), one of an unnamed orant saint, and one probably bears an invocation of Mary. Probably 6th-7th c.
E02964	Floor-mosaic with a fragmentary Greek inscription, possibly referring to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Ozem, 15km to the east of Askalon (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 5th-6th c.
E03066	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem celebrates on 25 March the Annunciation to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03078	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on the second Tuesday of Pascha, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Holy Women (S01375).
E03081	Clay stamp for making eulogiae with a Greek inscription referring to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and probably the Archangels Michael (S00181) and *Gabriel (S00192). Found at Tel Mefalsim/Khirbet Deir Dusawi near Gaza (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th c.
E03093	Eustratius, presbyter of Constantinople, composes a Life of *Eutychios (patriarch of Constantinople, ob. 582,S01383), probably to be read out at the first anniversary of his death; it presents Eutychios as an exemplary and unswervingly orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, describing his patriarchate, his persecution, and the miracles effected through him. Written in Greek in 583, or soon after. Overview entry
E03137	Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions commemorating the paving of a church in a monastery dedicated to Elijah/Elias (Old Testament prophet, S00217), and mentioning a presbyter, possibly of a church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Kissufim (Kibbutz Magen/Tell Jamma) in the north-west Negev desert, to the south-east of Gaza (Roman province of Palaestina I). Dated 576.
E03216	The Lives of the Fathers of Mérida (1), recounts how Agustus, a young boy serving the church of *Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407) falls ill and during his illness has a vision of heaven and the saints; on the night following his death he is seen as a figure in white; he is buried in the basilica of Eulalia. Written in Latin in Mérida (south-west Spain), 633/660.
E03237	The Latin Life of Gaudentius (bishop of Novara, ob. 417, S01531) narrates Gaudentius’ association with Laurentius (priest and martyr of Novara, S02438), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050), Eusebius (bishop of Vercelli, S01219) and Ambrose (bishop of Milan, S00490); his miracles, appointment as bishop of Novara (northern Italy) and incomplete building of a basilica; after his death, the miracles performed by his uncorrupt body on display in the church of the mother of God (Mary, mother of Christ, S00033), then in a tomb in the finished basilica. Written presumably in Novara, at an uncertain date, perhaps in the late 7th or early 8th c., and by the 9th c. at the latest.
E03238	The Latin Apparition on Monte Gargano of Michael (the Archangel, S00181) narrates the miraculous origins of the cave-church of the Archangel on Monte Gargano and details of the cult practices that occur there. Also mentioned are the adjacent church dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), with altars for Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and John (the Baptist, S00020). Written presumably on the Gargano peninsula (southern Italy), perhaps in the later 7th c., and by the 9th at the latest.
E03239	The Latin Life of Eusebius (bishop of Vercelli, ob. 371, S01219), set in the context of the period (notably the Arian controversy), narrates Eusebius’ youth and career, the miracles he effected, his exile to Scythopolis and return to Vercelli, where he is martyred and buried in a basilica that he had built next to the body of Theognistus (martyr of Vercelli, E02469), where many miracles occur. Written presumably in Vercelli (northern Italy), at an uncertain date between the late 6th and early 9th c.
E03246	The Latin Martyrdom of Firmus and Rusticus (martyrs of Verona, S01487) and Translations of Firmus and Rusticus narrate (starting with the Martyrdom) Firmus and Rusticus’ arrest, trial in Milan and travel to Verona (both in northern Italy), where they are further tortured and beheaded; their bodies are taken away on a boat by seven angels. The Translations follows, narrating that they are buried by angels in Precones in the province of Carthage (central north Africa); their bodies are later miraculously found by a merchant named Terentius and his son Gaudentius, who is freed from a demon by touching the saints’ tomb; the bodies are purchased and brought by them to Capris in Istria (at the top of the Adriatic) and buried in a church dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033); finally, after an Avar invasion, the bodies are taken to nearby Trieste, purchased by bishop Anno of Verona together with the bodies of Primus, Marcus, Apollinaris and Lazarus, translated to Verona and buried in a basilica dedicated to them, miracles occurring on the way to Verona and in their shrine. Written presumably in Verona, at an uncertain date between the 8th and mid 9th c.
E03249	The Latin Martyrdom of Secundus (martyr of Victimulae and Turin, S02500) narrates Secundus’ travel to Italy with a legion, his trial and death witnessed by the future martyr Mauritius (commander of the Theban legion, S00339), who holds vigils at his body on the site of martyrdom in Victimulae (close to Turin, northern Italy); the theft of the body which is brought to Turin and buried next to the river Dora, where miracles abound. Additional account about visitors to the oratory of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) in Turin taking dust and scraps from the tomb of Iuliana, who buried the saint Solutor and his companions (martyrs of Turin, S01116). Written presumably in Turin, at an uncertain date, by the early 9th c. at the latest.
E03293	The Lives of the Fathers of Mérida makes numerous references to the church in the city of *Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407). Written in Latin in Mérida (south-west Hispania), 633/660.
E03347	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 11 August the dedication of the Church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03350	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 15 August *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03377	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 8 September at the Probatika, at the house of Joachim (father of the Virgin Mary, S01327), the birth of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03381	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem prescribes a synaxis 12 September in the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03408	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 24 October the dedication of the altar of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03435	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 20 November the dedication of the Church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) by the Emperor Justinian.
E03511	The Lives of the Fathers of Mérida (4.9) tells a story about a man who went at night to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Mérida and witnessed there the Lauds celebrated by the saints; after the office, he saw them go to the adjoining basilica of John, the Baptist (S00020). Written in Latin in Mérida (south-west Spain), 633/660.
E03661	Fragments from one or more ecclesiastical document(s) in Greek on papyrus, probably mentioning a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), likely to be the cathedral of Petra, and, probably, a monastic establishment named after a certain 'Theodoros'. Found in Petra (Roman province of Palaestina III). Dated c. 561.
E03689	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, celebrates on 25 March the Annunciation to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the appearance of the Mother of God to Sabbas the Sanctified (founder of the Mar Saba Monastery, S00910).
E03696	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, commemorates on 1 April the visitation of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) to Elisabeth (mother of John the Baptist, S01328), Stephen the Sabaite, 8th c. monk, Mary of Egypt (S00903), the martyrdom of Agape, Chione and Eirene (virgins and martyrs of Thessalonike, S00206), and the beginning of the week of the Annunciation.
E03720	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 25 April Mark (the Evangelist, S00293), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Mary (mother of James, New Testament figure, S01818), Salome (follower of Jesus, S01819), Ioanna (the Myrrhbearer, New Testament figure, S01820), and Mary and Martha of Bethany (followers of Jesus and sisters of Lazarus, S01326).
E03740	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, celebrates on 15 May the entry of the Mother of God into the Temple, and commemorates Alexander (bishop of Prusa), and *Isidoros (martyr of Chios, S00425).
E03765	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 9 June Golinduch (Persian convert to Christianity, S00019) and the dedication of the Probatica, the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and *Kyrillos/Cyril (bishop of Alexandria, ob. 444, S00874).
E03829	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 11 August the dedication of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the monastery of Spoudaion, Afra (martyr of Augsburg, S01797), Myron, (bishop of Crete under Decius, S01798), and 'Elioz', probably Elianos (martyr of Amman, S00889).
E03831	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, prescribes on 13 August synaxis at the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S 00033), and commemorates Aeglon (anchorite in Sketis, S01514) and *Maximos (the Confessor, ob. 662, S01455).
E03832	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, prescribes on 14 August synaxis for Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and commemorates Aeglon (anchorite in Sketis, S01514), and Dometios (monk of Syria, later 4th c., S00414), and Elianos (martyr of Amman, S00889).
E03833	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, celebrates on 15 August the feast of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and commemorates Georgios (possibly the monk of Choziba monastery, ob. after 614, S01522) and *Gerontios (possibly martyr in Carthage under Decius, S01432).
E03834	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, celebrates on 16 August the assumption of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and commemorates Makarios (Bishop of Jerusalem, S01428).
E03835	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 17 August in the building of Priest Sabinos Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), *Paulos and Iouliana/Juliana, martyrs in Ptolemais, ob. 270, S01535).
E03839	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 21 August Abraham (Old Testament patriarch, S00275), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Bassa (martyr of Edessa in Macedonia under Galerius, S01796) and Aeglon (anchorite in Sketis, S01514).
E03840	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 22 August Isaac (Old Testament patriarch, S00275), and Jacob (Old Testament Patriarch, S00280), Loukianos (martyr of Heliopolis-Baalbek, S00831) and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and *Agathonikos (martyr of Bithynia and Thrace, S01628).
E03849	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 31 August 1003 martyrs of Nikomedia (under Diocletian, S01513), Joseph of Arimathea (New Testament figure, S01787), Nicodemus (the Pharisee, S01788), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and *Symeon the Elder (stylite of Qal‘at Sim‘ān, ob. 459, S00343).
E03858	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 7 September Lazarus (friend of Jesus, S01417), Phokas (possibly martyr of Antioch on the Orontes, S00413), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Sozon(martyr of Cylicia under Maximian, S01624).
E03859	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 8 September the birth of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03866	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 15 September the death of John Chrysostom (bishop of Constantinople, ob. 407, S00779) and Niketas the Goth (martyr of the Danube region, buried at Mopsuestia, S00711), and probably *Martin (confessor and bishop of Rome, ob. 655/656, S00859).
E03886	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 5 October, at the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S,00411), Thomas (the Apostle, S00199), and Aaron (first High Priest, brother of Moses, S01427)
E03933	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 21 November Philemon (probably the martyr of Antinoopolis, S00386), Matthew (Apostle and Evangelist, S00791), Akakios (probably the soldier and martyr of Byzantion, S00468), and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033).
E03944	In case of his imminent death, Flavios Obodianos, son of Obodianos, sets out on a papyrus in Greek (and partially in Latin), the donation of all his property to the monastery (hagios oikos/domus) of Aaron (first High Priest, brother of Moses, S01427) on Jabal Hārūn near Petra, and to a hostel (xeneon) of Kyrikos (child martyr of Tarsus, S00007). The Church of Petra dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) is also mentioned as the church of the clerics witnessing the donation. Found in Petra (Roman province of Palaestina III). Dated 573.
E04025	Coptic agreement from Jeme (Upper Egypt) settling a dispute over inheritance, listing among the witnesses a deacon of a local church dedicated to the Apostles (S00084), as well as a deacon and a priest of the local church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); dated 26 February 738.
E04036	Coptic will of Paul, from Jeme (Upper Egypt), requesting a donation for his soul to be made to the shrine (topos) of the martyr Apa Phoibammon (presumably the soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080). The scribe of the document seems to be a lector of the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); dated to 28 December 733 or 748.
E04040	Coptic inscription on nummulitic limestone, presumably from Middle Egypt, with a long invocation to a large number of saints including Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Adam (the first man, S00772), the Patriarchs (S00138) and Apostles (S00084), the martyrs Viktor (martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), Phoibammon (soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080), Paul (the first anchorite, S00089) and his brothers, as well as list of holy monastic figures, such as Apollo, Anoup and Phib (monks and monastic founders, S00774), Patermoute (perhaps the saint with cult at Jeme,S01222), *Proou, and all the saints; datable to the 6th/9th century.
E04121	Lead plaque with an image of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) labelled in Greek. Found in the monastery on Tell Iztabba at Beit She'an/Skythopolis (Roman province of Palaestina II). Probably second half of the 6th/first half of the 7th c.
E04126	The anonymous Greek Life of Symeon Stylites the Younger (stylite near Antioch, ob. 592, S00860) recounts his ascetic withdrawal, life as a stylite, and numerous miracles in life. It includes references to miracles and shrines of John the Baptist (S00020), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103). Written, probably by a monk of the monastery and shrine of the 'Wondrous Mountain' near Antioch (Syria), in the late 6th or early 7th c.
E04127	The anonymous Greek Life of *Martha (mother of Symeon the Stylite the Younger, S00864), recounts her holy life, death, and burial at the 'Wondrous Mountain', and several posthumous miracles. Written, probably by a monk of the monastery and shrine of the Wondrous Mountain near Antioch (Syria), probably in the 7th c.
E04159	Greek dedicatory inscription invoking the God of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Khirbet Futeis (ancient Photis) in the Negev desert, to the west of Beersheva, near Gaza and Menois (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th c.
E04163	Greek inscriptions from the 'South Church' at Avdat/Oboda in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), invoking the God of Theodore, and Theodore himself (probably the soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480). *Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033) may also be mentioned in a scarcely legible passage. Probably second half of the 6th c.
E04219	Law of King Ervig ordering that all the Jews living in the Visigothic kingdom should abstain from work on Sundays and on the major Christian festivities, among them the feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Latin law issued in 680 in Spain and included in the codification known as Lex Visigothorum.
E04221	The laws of King Ervig concerning the Jews, included in the codification of law known as the Lex Visigothorum, are read in the basilica of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Toledo (central Spain) in 680.
E04233	The Miracles of Artemios (12) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed a boy suffering from a testicular hernia. After initially seeking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at her shrine in the Kyros quarter, the boy's mother was instructed in a dream vision to take him to the shrine of Artemios; here she experienced a dream vision of the saint, who cured her boy. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04253	The Miracles of Artemios (37) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128), at his shrine in Constantinople, healed Andrew, a monk of the Pege Monastery, from a hernia. Artemios also punished a sceptic, Peter, who accompanied Andrew, with a hernia, before healing him. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E04283	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built three churches to *Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033) in the suburbs of Constantinople: at Blachernae (built in the reign of Justin I, 518-527), at Pege, and at the place known as Hieron. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04284	Fragmentary painted inscription in Greek, invoking the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and of unnamed saints. Found in the late antique church at Khirbat edh-Dharih to the northwest of Petra and Arindela (Roman province of Palaestina III/south Jordan). Probably 6th c.
E04291	Greek fiscal codex from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a monastery of Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) and a hamlet named after Pinoution (S01613); dated 21 March 723.
E04292	Greek fiscal codex from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a monastery of Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) and a hamlet named after Pinoution (S01613); datable to the 8th century.
E04294	Greek fiscal codex from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning payments from various 'places' (topoi) dedicated to saints, such as a topos of Enoch, Mary, Viktor (presumably the martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), Phoibammon, and Papnouthios (probably the ascetic and martyr of Egypt, S01509), as well a district or institution named after Pinoution (S01613); dated 18 June 706.
E04301	Greek fiscal codex from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a district and a monastery dedicated to *Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) and an institution dedicated to Pinoution (S01613), dated 19 September 707.
E04303	Greek fiscal codex from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a district and a monastery dedicated to *Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) as well as a hamlet and an institution dedicated to Pinoution (S01613), dated 20 February 719.
E04306	Greek list of payments from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a district and a monastery dedicated to *Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) and an institution dedicated to Pinoution (S01613); datable to the 8th century.
E04308	Greek list of payments from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a district dedicated to *Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) and a hamlet dedicated to Pinoution (S01613), dated either 701–702 or 716–717.
E04309	Greek list of payments from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning a district dedicated to *Mary (presumably the Mother of Christ, S00033) and a hamlet dedicated to Pinoution (S01613); datable to the 8th century.
E04317	Greek list of tax payments from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning an institution dedicated to Herakleios (S01785) and another dedicated to Mary (presumably Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the 8th century.
E04321	Greek list of payments from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt), mentioning an institution dedicated to George (presumably the soldier and martyr, S00259), people associated with Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and a district of *Philotheos (probably the child martyr of Antioch, S00878); datable to the 8th century.
E04323	Coptic fiscal document from Aphrodito (Upper Egypt) mentioning a monastery of *Mary (presumably Mary, Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E04343	Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the God of All Saints, the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably the *Forty Martyrs (of Sebasteia, S00103, or of the Sinai Desert, S01620), and saints whose names are lost. Found in Room 7 at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 5th-7th c.
E04344	Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the help of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), of the God of Sergios, and of a saint whose name is lost. Found in the north and east complexes at the North Church of Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04347	Greek inscription on the abacus of a capital, invoking the mercy of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in the South Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Dated 601/602.
E04371	Greek fragmentary account of a desert trading company/caravan (koinotes), containing a prayer for the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), John (the Baptist, S00020), and 'all the holy martyrs'. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 89, probably late 6th/early 7th c.
E04374	Greek daily record on papyrus of sales of dates, including eight entries on purchases by one Eusebios affiliated to an institution named after 'Holy Mary' (Mary, Mother of Christ, S00033), and two by Menas affiliated to an institution named after the Three Hebrew Youths (of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198). Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 90, probably 6th-7th c.
E04387	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) rebuilt the church of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) and established a shrine of Priskos and Nikolaos (martyrs venerated at Blachernae, S00391) near the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae (suburb of Constantinople). Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04398	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) rebuilt the shrines of Michael (the Archangel, S00181) at Anaplous and Brochoi, on the Bosphorus, and a nearby church of Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04401	Greek inscription/graffito invoking the mercy of Jesus and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Pharan/Tell Pheiran in the Sinai desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 5th-7th c.
E04404	Floor-mosaic with a Greek funerary inscription for the presbyter and abbot Kyriakos, describing him as the founder of an oratory (eukterion) of George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and mentioning a donation to the Justinianic 'Nea' Church in Jerusalem, dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Jericho (Roman province of Palaestina I). Dated 566.
E04414	Greek graffito invoking *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found on a piece of plaster in buried debris at the site of the Church of the Annunciation in Nazareth (Roman province of Palaestina II). Probably predating mid-5th c.
E04415	Fragmentary Greek inscription discovered at the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) on Mount Gerizim (Roman province of Palaestina I), tentatively and probably wrongly identified as an invocation of Mary. Probably late 5th c. - 8th c.
E04419	Canon 1 of the Tenth Council of Toledo, issued in Latin in 656, institutes the celebration of the feast of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) on 18 December and declares it equal to the feast of Nativity.
E04425	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built a splendid church of Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033) and a church of Michael (the Archangel, S00181) in the city of Antioch on the Orontes in Syria. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04437	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (1.9), describes six miracles effected by Bonifatius (bishop of Ferento, 6th c., S01715): two in childhood and two when he was a bishop; one of these took place in a church dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); all in the region of Ferento, central Italy. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04441	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (1.12), describes a resurrection miracle effected by Severus (priest of Interocrina, 6th c., S01718) in Interocrina, central Italy. Severus was a priest of a church dedicated to Mary, Mother of Christ (S00033). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04468	Fragmentary Greek inscription carved on a lintel, invoking the help of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) for an emperor Constantine, probably Constantine IV (AD 668-685). Found at the gateway of Hisar Kapısı at Bursa/ancient Prusa ad Olympum (Bithynia, north-west Asia Minor).
E04477	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (3.14), refers to a virgin called Gregoria who was at that time living in Rome, near a church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), almost certainly S. Maria Maggiore. She provides information about Isaac, (abbot of Spoleto, 6th c., S01755). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04518	Greek list of churches from Arsinoe (Fayum) including a church of Dorotheos (saint with cult at Arsinoe, S02929) and a church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the 6th/7th century.
E04524	Scarcely legible Greek inscription on a lintel, with a building inscription probably mentioning *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and possibly a martyrion. Found at Ramsâniyye, near Quneitra and Paneas/Caesarea Philippi, in the Golan Heights, to the north-east of the Sea of Galilee (Roman province of Phoenicia Paralias). Probably 6th c.
E04533	Greek inscription on a bronze cross, asking *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) to give repose to a deceased person. Found at Shiloh near Sebaste (Samaria, Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably mid-5th – early 6th c.
E04560	The Greek Life of Daniel the Stylite (ob. 493, S00342) recounts the life and manifold miracles of an ascetic who, imitating Symeon the Stylite (the Elder, ob. 459, S00343), lived on a pillar and founded a monastic community at Anaplous on the Bosphorus. The text mentions shrines of martyrs and prophets in Constantinople, the use of holy oil and images, and the transfer of relics of Symeon the Stylite and the *Three Hebrew Youths (of the Old Testament Book of Daniel, S01198) to Constantinople. Written in Constantinople, 493/518.
E04568	Fragmentary Greek inscription, published only in part, referring to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and apparently from a church dedicated to her. Found at Kyaneai (Lycia, south-west Asia Minor). Probably 6th c.
E04579	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a church dedicated to a saint John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or possibly the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) through the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Khirbet Damun, Mount Carmel, near modern Haifa (Roman province of Phoenicia). Probably 6th c.
E04586	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (4.16), in his account of a community of holy women in Rome, tells us they lived near a church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), almost certainly S. Maria Maggiore. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04588	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (4.18), describes a vision experienced by a young girl, of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04613	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 18 January.
E04631	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) dedicated a magnificent shrine, the Nea Ekklesia, to *Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033) in Jerusalem. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04642	Coptic Homily on the Archangel Michael (S00181), from the monastery of the Archangel Michael near Hamouli in the Fayum (Lower Egypt), attributed to John Chrysostom, discussing Michael’s high status as an intercessor and mentioning Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as another powerful intercessor; allegedly originally written in the early 5th century and translated presumably sometime between the 5th and 9th century.
E04681	The presbyter Chrysippus of Jerusalem composes a Homily on *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), which he delivers during a festival in her honour, probably celebrating the Annunciation. Written in Greek, probably in Jerusalem, 455/479.
E04689	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Zeno (r. 474-491) expelled the Samaritans from Mount Gerizim, near the city of Neapolis in Palestine, and built on its summit a church of *Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033), but only lightly (and ineffectually) fortified it; Justinian (r. 527-565) rendered it impregnable with a new wall. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04896	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built a monastic church of *Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033) at Mount Sinai in Palestine, and also built a fortress there. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04908	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 5 August.
E04913	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 10 August.
E04918	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 14 August.
E04919	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 15 August.
E04921	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 16 August.
E04945	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 8 September.
E04953	The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) recounts the foundation of the monastery of Holy Sion in the village of Pharroa in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor) and the miracles of Nikolaos, its first abbot. A number of shrines of different saints are mentioned in the narrative. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion. Overview entry
E04954	The Greek Life of Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) reports that Nikolaos, bishop of Pinara, built a church for Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Pinara (Lycia, south-west Asia Minor), after a dream vision of her in the mid 6th century. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia.
E04957	The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) mentions fifteen shrines of various saints at villages in the territory of Myra in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor), and the celebration of public feasts with sacrifices of oxen at them, organised by Nikolaos, abbot of the monastery of Holy Sion. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia.
E05076	Evagrius Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical History (4.36), recounts a miracle which occurred at Constantinople under Patriarch Menas (536-552). A Jewish boy is miraculously saved from burning in a furnace and reports a vision of a purple-clad woman, implying *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), who protected him. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 593/594.
E05078	Evagrius Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical History (5.18), reports how a panel painting of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at a prison in Antioch turned around when the crypto-pagan official Anatolius resorted to it as a supplicant in c. 579. Dream visions of Mary are reported to have also condemned Anatolius and presaged his fall. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 593/594.
E05079	Evagrius Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical History (5.21), reports that the future emperor Maurice (r. 582-602), while offering incense at the altar of the basilica of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Antioch (Syria), received a sign of his future greatness. Written in Greek at Antioch, 593/594.
E05099	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) renovated a great number of monasteries in the region of Jerusalem (and elsewhere in the East), many of them dedicated to saints. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E05121	Coptic Encomion on Abbaton, the Angel of Death (S01947), attributed to Timothy, the archbishop of Alexandria (AD 381–384), delivered on the feast day of Abbaton, relating how Timothy visited the shrine (martyrion) of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the Valley of Iosaphat, and how he obtained a book from the library at Jerusalem in which Christ relates the reason for God’s creation of Abbaton to his disciples, from which he then reads or cites to the congregation, explaining to them that honouring the saints is a service to God; written allegedly in the late 4th century.
E05126	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built a church of *Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033) in the city of Augila in Cyrenaica (eastern North Africa) to serve the recently pagan population. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E05127	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built a notable church of *Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033), and four other churches, in the city of Lepcis Magna in Tripolitania (eastern North Africa). Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E05139	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built a shrine of Mary Theotokos, Mother of God (S00033) within the palace at Carthage (central North Africa) and one of Prima (female saint of Carthage, S01895) outside the palace; both after 534. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E05169	The Latin Calendar of Sinai records the feasts of saints through the year, followed by a list of the apostles to various regions of Christianity. Written possibly in North Africa, possibly in the 7th/8th c.; preserved in a manuscript, probably of the 9th c., in St Catherine's monastery, Sinai. Basic Entry.
E05172	Latin Orationale of the Old Hispanic Liturgy of the 7th c. (Orationale Visigothicum), with prayers used on the feasts of saints in December: Leocadia (virgin and confessor of Toledo, S01367), Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407), Mary, Mother of Christ (S00033), Stephen, the First Martyr (S00030), Eugenia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00401), John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042), *Columba (virgin and martyr of Sens, 01862).
E05264	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (46), recounts how Abba Kyriakos, a priest at the Lavra of Kalamon on the Holy Jordan had a dream in which Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) accompanied by John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) and *John the Baptist (S00020) came to him, and revealed that Kyriakos unwittingly had heretical Nestorian writings in his cell. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05276	The Coptic Life of Samuel of Kalamun (monk, monastic founder and healing saint, S01991), presented by Isaak, a monk and priest at the monastery of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) founded by Samuel at Kalamun (in the Fayum) on the saint’s feast day, relates his asceticism and sanctity, his visions of angels, his special bond with the Virgin Mary to whom he dedicated his monastic church, his gift of prophecy, and his miraculous healing powers, referring to the ascetic as a martyr without being beheaded. Written presumably at Kalamun in the later 8th c.
E05283	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several shrines and festivals of saints at Sykeon and other places in Anatolia, the Holy Land, and Constantinople. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05284	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (45),recounts how a certain recluse on the Mount of Olives was attacked by the demon of sexual desire who promised to stop annoying him if he ceased venerating the icon which displayed *Mary (Mother of Christ; S00033) carrying Jesus Christ. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05287	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (68), mentions the New church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), presumably Justinian's 'Nea' in Jerusalem. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05289	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (77), mentions a church of Mary (Mother of God; S00033) founded in Alexandria by Patriarch Eulogius I (580-608), and a church of John (probably the Baptist, S00020), probably also in Alexandria. He also records a legend that Alexander the Great brought the relics of *Jeremiah (the Prophet, S01421) and had them buried at the so-called Tetrapylon in Alexandria. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05291	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619) is written by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, recounting the life, ascetic feats, and miracles of its hero, and the foundation of the monastic centre of Sykeon in Galatia (central Asia Minor). The text mentions several shrines and festivals of saints in cities and villages of Asia Minor, and also in Constantinople and the Holy Land. Written in Greek at Sykeon, in the 640s. Overview entry
E05308	Fragmentary Latin epitaph with an invocation of a female saint whose name is lost, and possibly of unnamed martyrs, asked to accept the soul of the deceased. Found in the ager Veranus, via Tiburtina, Rome. Probably from the cemetery of Cyriaca. Probably late 4th – early 5th c.
E05332	The Greek Life of Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions a pilgrimage of its hero in c. 600 to the shrine of an icon of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Sozopolis of Pisidia (west central Anatolia), which produced a miraculous flow of myrrh. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05336	John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (180), recounts a story about Abba John the Anchorite who lived in a cave 20 miles from Jerusalem. John had an icon of Mary (Mother of Christ; S00033) in his cave. He used to travel to visit martyr shrines, even very distant ones, including those of John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) at Ephesus (western Asia Minor), Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480) at Euchaita (northern Asia Minor), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092) at Seleucia (southern Asia Minor), and *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria). Whenever Abba John was about to set off on a journey, he lit a lamp and prayed to Mary asking her to keep it from going out. When he returned from a journey, he always found the lamp alight. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05349	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several festivals of saints, including processions, night vigils and the celebration of the Eucharist, celebrated in the 6th and 7th centuries at Iouliopolis, Germia and Sykeon (all in central Asia Minor), and in Constantinople. Written at Sykeon, in the 640s.
E05352	The Greek Life of Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions pilgrimage visits by its hero to the Anatolian shrines of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Heraclea of Pontus and Sozopolis of Pisidia, Michael (the Archangel, S00181) at Germia, and Autonomos (martyr of Nicomedia, S00016) in Bithynia. Some of these visits are described as vows. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05361	The Greek Life of Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions the acquisition of bodily relics of George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and of the cloak of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), by the monastery of Theodoros at Sykeon. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05442	Coptic funerary inscription from Wadi Sarga (Upper Egypt), with an invocation of Michael (S00181), Gabriel (S00192), Mary (S00033), the Apostles (S00084), Anoup (the monk and monastic founder,S00774, or the saint with cult at Wadi Sarga, S02068), Apa Thomas (S01695), and Apa *Paese (S02067); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E05446	Fragment of a Coptic funerary inscription from Wadi Sarga (Upper Egypt), with an invocation of Mary (S00033) and Adam (the first man, S00772); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E05457	Proclus of Constantinople composes his Homily 1, On *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), which he delivers during her feast of 26 December at the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. It was received as a landmark text for the theology of the role of Mary in the Incarnation of Christ. Written in Greek in 430.
E05458	Proclus of Constantinople composes his Homily 5, On *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), which focuses on the theology of the Incarnation of Christ, and is thought to be related to a new feast of Mary, established at Constantinople in that period. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 420s or 430s.
E05459	Proclus of Constantinople (?) composes his Homily 6, On *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the early 5th c. The attribution to Proclus is uncertain.
E05503	The Miracles of Saint Thekla (14) recounts how *Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092) made a certain Hypsistios convert to the Christian faith at the entreaty of his wife's prayers, by first striking him with illness and then curing him. Written in Greek at Seleucia ad Calycadnum (southern Asia Minor) in the 470s.
E05555	Venantius Fortunatus writes eleven books of Poems in Latin, mainly in western and north-western Gaul, 565/600; many of them with reference to saints. Overview entry.
E05635	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem (1.15) to Leontius, bishop of Bordeaux, tells of the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) founded by him in Bordeaux (south-west Gaul), in 542/571. Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E05665	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (4.8), reports that the emperor Zeno (r. 474-475, 476-491) converted the temple of the goddess Rhea in Cyzicus/Kyzikos (north-west Asia Minor) into a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05727	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (15.8), reports that, after the Samaritan revolt of Justasas, the emperor Zeno (r. 474-491) rebuilt the church of Prokopios (martyr of Caesarea of Palestine, S00118) in Caesarea, and converted the Samaritan synagogue of Mount Gerizim into a church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); all in Palestine. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05735	John Malalas in his Chronographia (Book 17), in an account of events in Antioch (Syria) in the early 6th century, mentions the local shrines of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), unnamed Prophets (S00139), Zachariah (probably the father of John the Baptist, S00597, or the Old Testament Prophet, S00283), and Kosmas and Damianos (brothers and physician martyrs, S00385), as well as a Gate of *Ioulianos (martyr of Cilicia buried at Antioch, S00305). Written in Greek at Antioch or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05747	John Malalas, in his Chronographia (18.132 and 141), mentions that, in the context of events in 551 and 562, people sought sanctuary at the shrines of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae (Constantinople) and Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) at Chalcedon (north-west Asia Minor, near Constantinople). The authorities arrested them none the less. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the 560s.
E05786	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, refers to the foundation of a church dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Pula (Istria) and the decoration of a church dedicated to Andrew (the Apostle, S00288) in Ravenna (northern Italy); he claims these events took place in 546/557. Account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05790	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, refers to the foundation and decoration of several churches and monasteria dedicated to Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and Paul (the Apostle, S00009) in Ravenna (northern Italy). He claims these events took place between 475 and 691. Account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05811	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, quotes Latin inscriptions and refers to foundations in honour of the Vitalis (martyr of Ravenna, S02826), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Gervasius and Prostasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313), and Nazarius (martyr of Milan, S00281) in Ravenna (northern Italy). Agnellus claims these inscriptions and foundations were made during the episcopate of Ecclesius (bishop of Ravenna, 522-532); account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05815	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, refers to the reconciliation to Orthodoxy by Bishop Agnellus (557-570) of several previously Arian churches, located in and around Ravenna (northern Italy). The new dedications are recorded as being to Eusebius (bishop of Vercelli, ob. 371, S01219), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), all in Ravenna; to Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Classe; and to *Zeno (bishop of Verona, ob. 371, S01558) in Caesarea. Account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05840	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in January. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05858	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in August. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05859	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in September. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05868	An authentic Anglo-Saxon charter records a grant by Wihtred, king of the people of Kent (south-east Britain), of land to the church at Lyminge, Kent, dedicated to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin, probably in Kent, July 697 or 712.
E05878	Romanos the Melodist composes his kontakia /cantica (hymns) 57 and 58, on the *Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103); they are invoked as heavenly protectors of the state and allies of the emperor at war. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the mid-6th c. (possibly after 548).
E05886	Hesychius of Jerusalem preaches his Homilies 1 and 2 on the feast of Hypapante (the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple), celebrated on 14 February at the Martyrion (Golgotha) in Jerusalem; it contains extensive references to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Jerusalem, in the 410s or 420s.
E05887	Hesychius of Jerusalem composes his Homily 5, On *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), which he delivers during a feast, perhaps the earliest version of the Marian feast of 15 August, celebrated at the shrine of Kathisma, between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Written in Greek at Jerusalem, in the 430s.
E05888	Hesychius of Jerusalem composes his Homily 6, On *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), focused on the Annunciation; it was probably preached during a feast held at the church of Holy Sion in Jerusalem four days after Epiphany. Written in Greek at Jerusalem, in the 410s or early 420s.
E05916	List of the churches and monasteries in and around Auxerre (central Gaul) whose clergy were to conduct mass in the cathedral of Auxerre in given weeks throughout the year. Written in Latin at Auxerre (central Gaul) in the time of Bishop Tetricus or Treticus (692-707), probably in the year 692/3. It lists churches dedicated to Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 448, S00455), Amator (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 418, S01980), Marianus (ascetic of Auxerre, 5th c., S02175), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Julian (martyr of Brioude, S00035), Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), Eusebius (probably the bishop of Vercelli, ob. 371, S01219), Nazarius (martyr of Milan, 00281), Memmius (first bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne, S01285), *Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313).
E05940	Ildefonsus of Toledo (Spain) begins his work On the Virginity of Holy Mary with an elaborate prayer to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033). Composed in Latin in Toledo, before 667.
E05965	The will of Desiderius, bishop of Cahors (ob. c. 655), summarised in the Latin Life of Desiderius (E08220), leaves property to churches or monasteries in and around Cahors (south-west Gaul), dedicated to fourteen named saints or pairs of saints. Summary written in Cahors, c. 670/700.
E05971	Coptic ostracon from the area of Hermonthis (Upper Egypt) with an excerpt from a calendar of saints’ feast days, such as those of Jakob (S00858), Arsenios and Loukios (ascetics of Syrian origin, and martyrs near Panopolis, S02600), Theognosta (perhaps the mother of George, S01537), Athanasios (possibly the bishop of Alexandria, ob. 373, S00294), David (Old Testament king of Israel and Psalmist, S00269), Daniel (possibly the disciple and biographer of Arsenios, S02379) Zoilos (possibly the disciple of Arsenios, S02378) and Anna (possibly the mother of Mary, S01614), Maria (possibly Mary, mother of Christ, S00033) and Sophia (perhaps the head of a convent in Edessa, ob. 363, S02381); datable to the 7th century.
E05991	Coptic ostracon from Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt) with a list of saints or rather institutions dedicated to saints, such as Mary (presumably Mary, mother of Christ, S00033), Apa Michael (presumably the Archangel, S00181), and Apa Biktor (possibly Viktor, son of Romanos, S00749), possibly also one to *Mena (presumably Menas, soldier and martyr celebrated at Abu Mena); datable to the 7th century.
E06074	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), adjoining the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06076	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to Jerusalem, where he saw a cloth said to be woven by Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), depicting Christ and the twelve Apostles (S02422). Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06077	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in the valley of Josaphat, Jerusalem, containing her empty tomb. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06079	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a cave in Jerusalem, containing the four tables where the *Apostles (S02422) sat with Christ. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06082	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a church dedicated to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), at the site of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06091	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a church in Nazareth, built on the site where Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192) spoke to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06095	The will of Bertram/Bertrand, bishop of Le Mans, of 27 March 616, establishes as the bishop's heirs two churches at Le Mans (north-west Gaul), one dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), the other to the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), which Bertram himself had built; and makes provisions concerning numerous properties across Gaul, including churches associated with various saints, mostly in or around Le Mans. Written in Latin at Le Mans.
E06105	A late 5th to 7th century Greek homily On Luke (the Evangelist), misattributed to Hesychius of Jerusalem, is the earliest extant source for the saint’s feast on 18 October. The text stresses Luke's role as source of our knowledge about Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). A subscript mentions the saint’s death in Thebes of Boeotia (Greece). Unknown provenance.
E06117	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, relates a story the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf heard, during his recent visit to Constantinople, about an image there of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), which miraculously exuded oil. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/9.
E06143	Three authentic or substantially authentic Merovingian royal diplomas survive from before 700, which record the concessions of successive Frankish kings of a royal property at Ardin (western Gaul) to the cathedral of Le Mans (north-west Gaul) dedicated to Gervasius (martyr of Milan, S00349), and also Mary (mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin in Gaul, 669/670-698.
E06145	A substantially authentic Merovingian royal diploma in the name of Theuderic III, king of the Franks, records a dispute over a women's monastery in Tuffé (north-west Gaul) dedicated to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin, probably at Compiègne (north-east Gaul), 677.
E06224	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the gift of the forest of Cormeilles by Childebert III, king of the Franks, to the women's monastery at Argenteuil (northern Gaul) dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008) and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin, probably at Compiègne (northern Gaul), 697.
E06226	Two authentic Merovingian royal diplomas record the foundation and endowment by Sigebert III, king of the Franks, of the monasteries at Stavelot and Malmedy (north-east Gaul), which hold relics of, Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and other unnamed saints; and their later confirmation by Theuderic III, king of the Franks; in this confirmation the monasteries are recorded as being in honour of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), of the apostles Peter and Paul, and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, 643/7 and 679/91.
E06227	A substantially authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the immunity confirmed by Clovis III, king of the Franks, to the monastery at Sithiu (now Saint-Bertin) (north-east Gaul) dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008), and other unnamed saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, 692.
E06230	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the immunity confirmed by Childebert III, king of the Franks, for the monastery at Fossatus (now Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) (northern Gaul) dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and other *unnamed saints (S00518). Written in Latin in Gaul, 694/711.
E06232	The Formulary of Marculf includes a template for a charter with which to found a monastery or oratory dedicated to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), or alternatively another saint. Written in Latin in Gaul, probably c. 650/730.
E06237	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem on virginity (8.3), gives a list of prominent female virgin saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, probably in the early 570s.
E06245	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poem on virginity (8.3), when describing the court of heaven lists numerous saints with the cities of their resting-place. Written in Latin in Gaul, probably in the early 570s.
E06246	Ten episcopal charters of debated authenticity, granting privileges of immunity to monasteries, record various dedications to saints at monastic churches in Gaul. Some of the charters note among their precedents the special privileges already enjoyed by the church at Chalon-sur-Saône dedicated to Marcellus (martyr of Chalon-sur-Saône, S00323) and 'the place of the saints of Agaune' (north-east Gaul), i.e. its monastery dedicated to The Theban Legion (martyrs of Agaune, S00339). Written in Latin in Gaul, 637-92.
E06261	Cyril of Alexandria in 431, during the Council of Ephesus, preaches three homilies on Mary (Mother of God, S00033) and one on John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); two are explicitly delivered at the Ephesian shrines of the two saints. Written in Greek at Ephesus (western Asia Minor).
E06266	The Latin Life of Lady *Balthild (queen of the Franks, ob. 680, S02359) records the saint's life, death, and one posthumous miracle. Written in Gaul, possibly at the monastery at Chelles (near Paris), 680/690. Overview entry
E06281	Fragmentary Greek epitaph on a marble slab mentioning Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and invoking God to grant the deceased rest together with All Saints (S01151). Found in the Basilica of St Kodratos at Corinth (northeastern Peloponnese). Probably 5th-6th c.
E06283	The Latin Life of *Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491), records in two books the bishop's life, miracles (several through objects that had been in contact with the saint), and death. Several churches and feasts in Arles are mentioned. Written by five clerics of the ecclesiastical province of Arles (southern Gaul), 542/5.
E06310	Coptic invocation possibly from Panopolis (Upper Egypt) addressing* Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00030), Zechariah (presumably the father of John the Baptist, S00597) and 5400 Martyrs (unnamed, S00060) to cause someone physical harm; datable to the end of the 4th/beginning of the 5th century.
E06319	The Lives of the Abbots of Habendum (Remiremont, eastern Gaul) records the abbacies and early cults of Amatus (ob. 627, S02407), Romaric (ob. 653, S02973) and *Adelphius (ob. c. 670, S02974). Written in Latin in Gaul, probably at Habendum, c. 670/700.
E06331	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 2.12) of 592, to Bishop Importunus (probably a bishop in Campania, southern Italy), mentions a church dedicated to *Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033) in Importunus' diocese. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06347	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 3.58) of 593, to Fortunatus, bishop of Naples, mentions the foundation of an oratory dedicated to *Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033) in the city or territory of Naples (southern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06388	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.49) of 598, to Bishop Chrysantus of Rieti, asks him to consecrate contact relics (sanctuaria) of Hermes (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus, S00404), Hyacinthus (companion of Protus, and martyr of Rome, S01556) and Maximus (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus, S00173) at a font in a church dedicated to Christ and to Mary (the mother of Christ, S00033) in Rieti (central Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06389	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.54) of 598, to Romanus, defensor of the papal patrimony in Sicily, asks him to help the abbess of a monastery of *Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033) in Naples (southern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06409	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.210) of 599, to Romanus, defensor of the papal patrimony in Sicily, writes about a slave of a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Saponara (Sicily). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06429	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 13.10) of 602, to its abbess Talasia, grants privileges to a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Autun (central Gaul). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06432	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 13.22) of 602, to Honorius, bishop of Taranto, authorises the building of a baptistry in a church dedicated to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) in Taranto (southern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06442	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 14.9) of 603, to Iohannes, bishop of an unnamed see, authorises the consecration of a basilica dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) somewhere in southern Italy. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06446	Gregory the Great, in a general admonition (Register, Appendix 4), encourages participation in the annual 'greater litany' (laetania maior), with a supplicatory procession from the church of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S01229) 'of Lucina', to that of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) [at the Vatican]; all in Rome, 590/604. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06449	Gregory the Great in a document of 603 (Register, Appendix 9) issues instructions for a sevenfold litany (septiformis letania), with seven supplicatory processions through Rome to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) [Santa Maria Maggiore], seeking the end of an unspecified scourge from God; the processions are to leave from the following churches: of John (the Baptist, S00020); Marcellus (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00529); Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome, S00384); Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385); Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); Vitalis (martyr of Ravenna, S02826); Caecilia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00146). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06450	Gregory the Great with a papal letter (Register, Appendix 10) of 599, to Secundinus, an anchorite, sends images of Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), as well as a cross and a key, the latter probably containing a relic. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06466	The Latin Life of *Maurilius (bishop of Angers, ob. 453, S02421), primarily an account of the saint's many lifetime miracles, is written by Magnobodus, bishop of Angers (north-west Gaul), in about 620.
E06468	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Euthymios (monastic founder in Palestine, οb. 472, S01352), recounting his life as a miracle-working ascetic, adding a set of posthumous miracle stories, and including references to the cult of several other saints. Written in Greek at the New Laura in Palestine, in 555/557. Overview entry
E06487	Baudonivia's Life of *Radegund (former queen and monastic founder, ob. 587, S00182), recounts the abbess' life, death, and miracles, detailing in particular her collection of relics, as well as wider cult activity in and around the city of Poitiers (western Gaul). Written in Latin at Poitiers, 587/613.
E06492	The Latin Life of *Rusticula, also known as Marcia (abbess of Arles, ob. 627/632, S02433), is written by the presbyter Florentius; it recounts her pious childhood, her many years as abbess of the monastery of saint John at Arles (southern Gaul), her political travails, and several lifetime and posthumous miracles. Written in southern Gaul, c. 627/640. Overview entry.
E06493	The Latin Life of *Sadalberga (abbess of Laon, ob. 671/8, S02434) records the saint's life, miracles, and death. Written perhaps at Laon (north-east Gaul), c. 680.
E06498	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Ioannes/John the Hesychast (ascetic in Palestine, ob. 559, S02544), recounting his life as a miracle working ascetic, while the hero is still alive. Written in Greek in Palestine, 555/557.
E06517	Jerome, in his Letter 108, describes how Paula in 385/6 visited the birthplace of Jesus in Bethlehem, referring to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine), 404.
E06533	Hymn in honour of *John, the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042), composed in Latin presumably in Spain in the 7th c.
E06541	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in February.
E06542	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in March.
E06573	Aldhelm, in his prose On Virginity, names *Apollonius (ascetic and monastic leader in Egypt, 4th c., S02466) as an exemplary virgin. Written in Latin in southern Britain, for the nuns at the monastery at Barking (south-east Britain), c. 675/686.
E06574	Aldhelm, in his prose On Virginity, names *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) as an exemplary virgin. Written in Latin in southern Britain, for the nuns at the monastery at Barking (south-east Britain), c. 675/686.
E06575	Aldhelm, in his prose On Virginity, names *Caecilia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00146) as an exemplary virgin. Written in Latin in southern Britain, for the nuns at the monastery at Barking (south-east Britain), c. 675/686.
E06588	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in August.
E06589	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in September.
E06606	The Greek Martyrdom of Anastasios the Persian (monk and martyr of Persia, ob. 628, S02052) recounts the conversion of a young Persian soldier to Christianity and his martyrdom in the reign of Khusro II: Anastasios learned of Christianity when the True Cross was transferred to Persia after the conquest of Jerusalem [in 614], and was baptised soon thereafter in the Holy City, where he became a monk; his wish to suffer martyrdom led him to Caesarea, where he was apprehended, interrogated, imprisoned and tortured; he was then transferred to Persia, where he was tried and executed by strangulation. His body was buried by a monastery of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Persia, where his tunic effected a posthumous miracle. Written shortly after the martyrdom [in 628], by an anonymous monk of the lavra of St Sabas, near Jerusalem.
E06659	Aldhelm's verse On Virginity lists a range of saints as exemplary virgins, with some variations to the list found in the earlier prose version of the same treatise. Written in Latin in southern Britain, for the nuns at the monastery at Barking (south-east Britain), c. 675/710. Overview entry
E06677	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Sabas (‘the Sanctified’, monastic founder in Palestine, ob. 532, S00910), recounting his life as a miracle working ascetic and founder of numerous monasteries, adding a set of posthumous miracle stories, and including references to cults of several other saints. Written in Greek at the New Laura in Palestine, 555/557. Overview entry
E06737	Greek building inscription on a marble threshold probably referring to the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found in the early Christian basilica of Paiania near Athens (Attica, central Greece). Probably 5th or first half of the 6th c.
E06769	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Theodosios (the Coenobiarch, abbot in Palestine, ob. 528, S01325), recounting his life as a miracle working ascetic. Written in Greek in Palestine, 555/557.
E06812	Greek account book from Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), listing institutions dedicated to Kollouthos (physician and martyr of Antinoopolis, S00641), Phoibammon (presumably the soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080), and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033); datable to the beginning of the 7th century.
E06887	List of subscriptions documenting foundations dedicated to saints in Constantinople, Syria, and Palestine, preserved in a petition to Pope Agapitus I from eastern monks. Written in Greek in Constantinople in 536.
E06917	Aldhelm's poem On the Basilica of the Blessed Mary, Perpetual Virgin records the dedication of a church to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), presumably in Britain. Written in Latin in southern Britain, c. 670/710.
E06918	Aldhelm's poem On the Church of Mary Built by Bugga records the consecration on 15/16 August of a church with an apse dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), constructed by a daughter of Centwine, king of the West Saxons (south-west Britain), apparently in that same kingdom. Written in Latin in southern Britain, 689/710.
E06932	Will of Caesarius, bishop of Arles, making provisions for ecclesiastical foundations dedicated to John (the Baptist, S00020), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Arles (southern Gaul). Written in Latin at Arles, 512/42.
E06972	A probably partly authentic papal letter of privilege issued by Pope John IV in 640/2 grants special rights to a now-unidentifiable women's monastery in Gaul, possibly at or near Sens (northern Gaul), dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), Columba (virgin and martyr of Sens, S01862), *Agatha (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794), and other unnamed martyrs. Written in Latin at Rome.
E06978	Sophronius of Jerusalem, in his Miracles of the Saints Cyrus and John (12), recounts how Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Egypt, S00406) healed a rich and dissolute young man of Alexandria, Ioulianos, in both body and soul by making him renounce the heresy of the Gaianites and join the Catholic Church in a church of Alexandria dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek in Alexandria, 610/615.
E07001	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the martyrs' burials around Rome, is followed by an Appendix listing 21 churches dedicated to saints within the Aurelianic walls of Rome. Written in Latin in Rome, certainly after 625 and before 790, possibly in 642/683.
E07032	Coptic Homily on the Virgin *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–387), supposedly written and translated in the 4th to 6th century. Skeleton entry
E07041	Coptic fragments from the Life of Apa Thomas (presumably the ascetic and patron saint at Wadi Sarga (Upper Egypt), S01695), of unknown Egyptian provenance, mentioning a vision of Mary (Mother of Christ S00033) resulting in the making of a new member of the monastic community; datable to the 7th/8th c.
E07119	The Greek Life of Alexios the Man of God (ascetic of Edessa and Rome, S01211) reproduces an earlier Syriac edifying story about a disguised ascetic holy man, but places his death in Rome (not Edessa in northern Mesopotamia), and claims that he was buried at the church of Bonifacius (martyr, buried on Rome's Aventine hill, S00523). It mentions a speaking image of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Edessa. Probably written in Rome, in the 7th century or later.
E07159	Procopius of Caesarea, in his Secret History (3.21-29), recounts how Photius, foster son of Belisarius, when trying to escape house arrest imposed on him by the empress Theodora, sought asylum in the churches of Mary (Mother of Christ; S00033) and Sophia (Holy Wisdom, S00705); Photius also had a vision of *Zechariah (Old Testament Prophet, S00283) who bade him escape to Jerusalem. Written in Greek in Constantinople, in 550/562.
E07175	The Life of Georgios (monk of Choziba, ob. after 614, 1522), by Antonios of Choziba, recounts his life, miracles, and doctrines, and includes stories of miracles of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) occurring at Choziba (Palestine). Written in Greek in the monastery of Choziba, 614/628.
E07176	The Miracles of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) at the Monastery of Choziba, by Antonios of Choziba, includes a reference to the healing miracles that occur at the tomb of the first five holy monks of the monastery, Promos, Elias, Gannaios, Aian, and Zenon (monks of Choziba, S02757). The tomb also produced a miraculous flow of healing oil. Written in Greek at the monastery of Choziba (Palestine), between 614 and 628.
E07375	Sophronius of Jerusalem, in his Miracles of the Saints Cyrus and John (36), recounts how Kyros and Ioannes/Cyrus and John (physician and soldier, martyrs of Egypt, S00406), through multiple appearances in dreams healed from gout and converted Theodoros, a man from Thennesos (Lower Egypt) who was a heretical follower of Julian of Halicarnassus, at their shrine at Menouthis (near Alexandria, Lower Egypt). An icon is described which represented Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and *John (the Baptist, S00020), surrounded by prophets, apostles and martyrs. Written in Greek in Alexandria, 610/615.
E07377	Lombard charter recording a dispute between the bishops of Siena and Arezzo (central Italy), concerning rural churches dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Ansanus (martyr of Siena, S01345), John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Restituta (probably the virgin and martyr of Africa, S02765) and *Gervasius (martyr of Milan, S00313). Written in Latin, probably at Siena, c. 650.
E07666	On the Miracles which Took Place after the Death of the Blessed Abbess *Gertrude (of Nivelles, ob. 659, S02402) supplements the saint's Life with nine miracle stories, many involving the bed on which she died. Written in Latin, probably at Nivelles (north-east Gaul), 691/c.700.
E07673	Greek inscription on a floor-mosaic commemorating the paving of an aisle in a church under a servant of *Konon (one of the several homonymous Anatolian martyrs). Exact provenance unknown, probably the environs of Tyre, Lebanon. Dated probably 25 March 560 (if so, on the feast of the Annunciation, not mentioned explicitly in the text).
E07748	List of relics and diptych from the monastery of the Holy Apostles (S02422) and Martyrs (S02818) at Arles (southern Gaul), giving the names of saints whose relics were deposited in the monastery and the people for whom prayers were to be offered in the liturgy. The list contains the names of all the Apostles, as well as Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), John the Baptist (S00020), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), together with four Gallic martyrs, Genesius (martyr of Arles, S00263), Symphorianus (martyr of Autun, S00322), Baudilius (martyr of Nîmes, S00383), and Victor (martyr of Marseille, S00382), and three Gallic bishops, Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491). Written in Latin at Arles, in 600/650.
E07793	Will of Burgundofara, disciple of Columbanus and monastic founder, including donations to her monastic community, dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Peter (the Apostle, S00036), at Faremoutiers, northern Gaul. Written in Latin at Faremoutiers, 633/4.
E07795	'Testament' of Leodebodus, abbot of the monastery of St Anianus at Orléans (north-west Gaul), granting property to the church of Anianus (bishop of Orléans, S01206) at Orléans, the church of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) at Fleury (near Orléans), and establishing a monastery at Fleury dedicated to *Peter (the Apostle, S00036). Written in Latin at Orléans, 640/650.
E07796	Will of Hadoind, bishop of Le Mans, of 643, leaving property to the cathedral at Le Mans, dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313), and to the churches at Le Mans of Victorius (bishop of Le Mans, ob. c. 490), of the apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and of *Vincent (deacon and martyr of Zaragoza, S00290); also to the church of Mary at Évron (in the territory of Le Mans) Written in Latin at Le Mans (north-west Gaul).
E07822	The Miracles of Artemios (39) recount how Artemios (martyr of Antioch under Julian, S01128) healed a certain George (the same George as in Mir. 38 and 40), appearing to him on the island Plateia. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 582/668; assembled as a collection, 658/668.
E07844	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poetic epitaph (4.26) for a young woman named Vilithuta (Poem 4.26), depicts patriarchs, apostles, and celebrated virginal saints taking part in the judgement of sinners after death, mentioning Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), Enoch (Old Testament Patriarch, S00762), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033), Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), and Agatha (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794). Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E07923	Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, in his list of holy sites within Jerusalem, notes the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00030) in the valley of Josaphat. Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E07934	Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, describes the failed attempt by Urbicius (imperial praepositus sacri cubiculi) to remove to Constantinople the rock of the Kathisma (near Jerusalem), where *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) had rested on the road to Bethlehem. Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E07942	The Breviarius, a brief guide to the holy places of Jerusalem, which survives in two distinct versions, mentions a number of buildings and relics associated with saints and Old Testament figures. Written in Latin, presumably in Jerusalem, perhaps (in its two surviving states) around AD 500.
E07947	The rule for nuns produced by Aurelianus, bishop of Arles (ob. 551), founds in Arles a monastery dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), with a basilica of the same saint. Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 546/551.
E07948	John, bishop of Arles (ob. after 668), in a letter to nuns in Arles, mentions that their monastery was dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), c. 660/c. 668.
E07949	Caesarius, bishop of Arles, in his Rule for Virgins, refers to the basilica of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Arles. Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 524/534.
E07972	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 624 the emperor Heraclius left Constantinople on the day of the Annunciation of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07973	The Paschal Chronicle records that the city of Constantinople was saved by the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) when it was besieged by the Avars and the Persians in 626. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07976	The Paschal Chronicle, in its account of the siege of Constantinople in 626, states that an attack on the city in boats across the Golden Horn, by Slav troops in the Avar army, was defeated through the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07977	The Paschal Chronicle, in its account of the siege of Constantinople in 626, states that the Chagan of the Avars saw *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) defending the walls of Constantinople. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07978	The Paschal Chronicle records that during the siege of Constantinople in 626 the Avars burnt down the churches of Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) and Nicholas (bishop of Myra, S00520) in the suburb of Blachernae, but were miraculously prevented from burning the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07979	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 627 a wall was built around the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) outside the walls of Constantinople [at Blachernae]. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07981	The Paschal Chronicle, in its entry for 628, quotes the victory despatch from the emperor Heraclius attributing his victory over the Persians to the assistance of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E07998	A church council is held at Arles in 524 at the dedication of a basilica to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), built by Caesarius of Arles. Recorded in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul).
E07999	A document, probably by Caesaria the Younger, abbess of the women's monastery in Arles, regulates burials in the triple church dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), John (the Baptist, S00020), and *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) by Caesarius of Arles. Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 550/570.
E08003	The Latin Life of Rusticula (abbess of Arles, ob. 627/632, S02433) describes the funeral of Rusticula in either 627 or 632, during which a blind man was healed, and her burial in the basilica of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in Arles. Written in southern Gaul, 627/640.
E08033	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6064) mentions under the year 571/572 that the emperor Justin II built churches in Constantinople dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), and expanded the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08034	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6069) states that the emperor Justin II turned a confiscated synagogue into a church dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in 576/577. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08035	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6080) states the emperor Maurice established a new litany at the church of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Blachernae. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08038	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6090) mentions two churches dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) which were built in Constantinople during the reign of Maurice. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08042	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6117) attributes a victory over the Persians in 624/625 to a miraculous hail storm, brought about by the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08043	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6117) attributes the failure of the siege of Constantinople in 626 to the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08044	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6118) attributes victories of the emperor Heraclius over the Persians in 627/8 to the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts
E08048	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6165), in its entry for 672/673, attributes the Byzantine victory in the first Arab siege of Constantinople to the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts
E08049	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6186) describes how in 693/694 a church in Constantinople near the palace, dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), was demolished and rebuilt elsewhere by the emperor Justinian II. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts
E08052	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6086) states that in 593/594 Philippikos, the brother-in-law of the emperor Maurice, founded a monastery at Chrysopolis near Constantinople dedicated to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts
E08053	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 5923) states that the future patriarch of Constantinople, Proklos/Proclus, denounced Nestorius in a homily delivered on the feast of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) in 430. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08079	Three relic labels, datable by their script to the 7th/8th c., for relics, at the monastery of Saint-Maurice d'Agaune (Agaunum, south-east Gaul), of various saints. Written in Latin, either where the relics originated, or at Saint-Maurice d'Agaune.
E08131	The Greek Life of Matrona (abbess in Constantinople, 5th c., S01829) recounts the story of an aristocratic woman who entered the ascetic way of life disguised as a eunuch at the male monastery of Bassianos (5th c. abbot in Constantinople, S02890), and later founded her own nunnery in the same city. Written in Constantinople in the late 6th century.
E08220	The Latin Life and Acts of *Desiderius (bishop of Cahors, ob. 655, S02958) is a composite text, combining documentary records concerning the bishop, with an account of his life, death and miracles. Written in Gaul, probably at Cahors (south-west Gaul), perhaps c. 670/700, with later amendments and miracle stories, 8th-9th c.
E08222	The Gothic Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710. Overview entry.
E08226	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast of the Assumption of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08227	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day of *Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08232	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day of *Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08289	Avitus of Vienne delivers a homily (Homily 22/23) in a church of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), somewhere in the region of Vienne (south-east Gaul). Delivered in Latin in the region of Vienne, 494/518.
E08315	35 relic labels at Sens (northern Gaul), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of a great diversity of saints. Written in Latin, perhaps at Sens, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.
E08330	Haregarius, Truda and Tenestina establish and endow a monastery dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and to the apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008) at Le Mans (north-west Gaul); later the monastery is granted to Tenestina in precarial tenure; charters written in Latin in Le Mans, possibly in 513 and 524, or in 696/7 and 708.
E08335	The Bobbio Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in south-east Gaul, perhaps at or near Vienne, c. 675/725.
E08336	Bishop Aiglibert of Le Mans issues a privilege, in 683 and 700, for a monastery of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) outside the walls of Le Mans (north-west Gaul), and in 692 orders tithes to be paid to it; charters written in Latin in Le Mans.
E08343	The coffin of Cuthbert (bishop and anchorite of Lindisfarne, ob. 687, S01955) is constructed of oak and decorated with images of the archangels, apostles, evangelists and Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), whose names are inscribed in Latin (some with runic letters). Made for the saint's translation at Lindisfarne, 698.
E08349	Venantius Fortunatus writes the Life of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050). It is an adaptation in epic verse of the Life of Martin and of books 2 and 3 of the Dialogues of Sulpicius Severus; in a final envoi, the book travels from Poitiers to Fortunatus' home city of Ravenna, stopping at the shrines of many saints along the way. Written in Latin, in Poitiers (western Gaul), between 573 and 576. Overview entry.
E08361	Fourteen relic labels discovered within the Sancta Sanctorum of the Lateran church of San Lorenzo in Palatio (Rome), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of various saints. One label claims that its relics have come from the monastery of Lérins (southern Gaul). Written in Latin, perhaps at Rome, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.
E08389	Silver denier of the church of Rouen (northern Gaul), bearing the name of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Late 7th c.
E08395	A summary of two charters records grants of property to rural churches in the territory of Viviers (southern Gaul): one by a bishop of the early 6th c. to a church of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and to a church of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050); another by a bishop of the 7th c. to a church of Stephen (which he had built), and to one of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037). Summaries written in Latin in Viviers, probably in the 8th c.
E08402	A charter issued by Chlothild, an 'illustrious woman devoted to God,' records that she has installed her niece Mummola as the abbess of the monastery for women which she has founded at Bruyères-le-Châtel (northern Gaul) in honour of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and other saints, whose relics are deposited there, and that she has granted it a number of properties. Written in Latin, probably at Lamorlaye (northern Gaul), 10 March 673.
E08403	A charter issued by Agerad, bishop of Chartres (northern Gaul), records his grant of privileges to a monastery on the Loire river, founded by Sadreberctana (the mother of Agerad's predecessor), dedicated to *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and other saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, 6 March 696.
E08405	A substantially authentic Merovingian royal diploma in the name of Childeric II, king of the Franks, records a grant of immunities to the cathedral of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at Speyer (eastern Gaul). Written in Latin in Gaul, 662/75.
E08408	The will of Ermentrude/Erminethrudis outlines the arrangements for numerous bequests of possessions, properties and slaves; among the beneficiaries are churches dedicated to various saints in or near Paris (northern Gaul). Written in Latin at Paris, 6th or 7th c, perhaps c. 630, or after c. 650.
E08409	A charter issued in the name of Abbess Irmina records her grant of the villa of Echternach (north-east Gaul) to Bishop Willibrord, together with the monastery she has founded there, with basilicas dedicated to the Trinity, Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and *Paul (S00008), and other unnamed saints; two later charters of Irmina record further donations to these churches. Written in Latin at Trier (north-east Gaul), 697/8-99.
E08411	A charter issued by Ansbert, bishop of Autun, grants properties to the cathedral church of Autun dedicated to Nazarius (martyr of Milan, S00281), to the church of Symphorianus (martyr of Autun, S00322), and to the oratory dedicated to Leudegar (bishop and martyr of Autun, ob. 677/9, S02098) at this latter church, where Ansbert hopes to be buried. The charter further notes that Ansbert's sister Segolena has dedicated herself to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin in Gaul, 5 August 696.
E08421	A fragmentary papyrus document from Ravenna (north-east Italy) records a grant to a church at Nepi (central Italy) dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), and refers to monastic dedications to Elijah/Elias (probably the Old Testament prophet, S00217) and (at the same or a separate monastery?) *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin, at Nepi or Rome, in or after June 557.
E08422	Two small fragments of a papyrus inventory, perhaps of church textiles, appear to refer to an image of *Mary (mother of Christ, S00033). Written in Latin, perhaps in northern Italy, c. 700.
E08425	A charter, possibly authentic in its essentials, issued in the name of Bishop Palladius of Auxerre (central Gaul) records the bishop's foundation of a female monastery in the city's suburbs, with basilicas dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), Julian (martyr of Brioude, S00035), and oratories dedicated to Ferreolus (martyr of Besançon, S00348) and Martin (bishop and ascetic of Tours, ob. 397, S00050); it further outlines lighting provisions for this monastery and the episcopal church dedicated to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin in Gaul, possibly at Auxerre, 634 or 637.
E08426	The will of Vigilius, bishop of Auxerre (central Gaul), records the bishop's foundation of a basilica dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and attached to a male monastery in the city's suburbs, and appears to refer incidentally to a vineyard outside the city belonging to a foundation dedicated to Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 448, S00455); as well as further churches dedicated to Symeon (probably the elder of the temple of Jerusalem, S00285) and Ferreolus (martyr of Besançon, S00348). Written in Latin in Gaul, possibly at Auxerre, shortly before 680/86.
E08458	The Miracles of Kosmas and Damianos (Deubner 30; Rupprecht 37) recount how Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) in their church in Constantinople healed a man from an abscess in his hips by conducting surgery on his wound, after the man had prayed before an image at the entrance to the shrine, representing Christ, Mary (Mother of Christ, 00033) and Kosmas and Damianos. Written in Greek in Constantinople; assembled as a collection between the 6th and 10th centuries.
E08473	A homily, probably by Theodore Syncellus, celebrates the recent return of the robe of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) to her church at Blachernae. The homily tells how the robe was acquired in the region of Nazareth and brought to Constantinople, where the emperor Leo I [r. 457-474] housed it appropriately at Blachernae; how, faced by an Avar threat [in 623], it was taken to safety inside the walls, to the church of Hagia Sophia, and then solemnly returned when the threat was lifted; and how, during this process, the reliquary was opened and the woollen robe found to be intact. Written in Greek in Constantinople, 623/624.
E08474	Greek fragmentary inscription with an invocation to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and reference to a church, presumably dedicated to her. Said to be from Cyrene (Cyrenaica, eastern North Africa). Probably 6th c.
E08475	Greek fragmentary inscription with invocation to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), probably from a church dedicated to her. Probably found at Barka (Cyrenaica, eastern North Africa). Probably 6th c.
E08479	Latin inscribed terracotta plaques with an invocation to *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Found at Cillium (Byzacena, central North Africa), probably later-5th/6th c.
E08518	Eustratius, in his Life of Eutychios (patriarch of Constantinople, ob. 582,S01383), tells how a mosaic-worker of Amaseia (northern Asia Minor), while removing a mosaic of Aphrodite, in order to turn a room of a private house into a chapel of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) - with a chapel of *Michael (the Archangel, S00181) above it - was afflicted in his hand by a demon residing within the mosaic; going to Eutychios, the mosaicist is cured, and then sets up an image (εἰκόνα) of his deliverer in the house where the incident occurred. Written in Greek in 583, or soon after.
E08532	The Miracles of Kosmas and Damianos (Rupprecht 15) recount how *Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) in their church in Constantinople cured a woman suffering with dropsy, after one of the saints was seen to descend from an image of the two set up at the entrance to their church. Written in Greek, probably in Constantinople, between the 6th c. and the 11th c.; preserved in an Egyptian manuscript of the 11th c.

The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity

from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world

Mary, Mother of Christ

S00033

BHG 1046-1161; BHL 5334-5414

Female

Mary, Virgins