Record | The Cult of Saints

Name

Stephen, the First Martyr

Saint ID

S00030

Number in BH

BHL 7848-7895, BHG 1649-1649h

Reported Death Not Before

36

Reported Death Not After

40

Gender

Male

Type of Saint

Other New Testament saints, Martyrs, Lesser clergy

Related Evidence Records

ID	Title
E00037	Gregory of Tours, in his Life of Quintianus (bishop of Rodez and Clermont, ob. 525, S00028), recounts the death of the saint, his burial in Clermont (central Gaul) in the church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and miracles at his grave. From Gregory's Life of the Fathers (4.5) written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/594.
E00079	The Syriac Chronicle of Edessa, records that Rabbula became bishop of Edessa in 412 and built a church dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Edessa (northern Mesopotamia), on the orders of the emperor; the building had previously functioned as a synagogue. Written in Edessa, in second half of 6th c.
E00108	According to the Conversion of Georgia, during the rule of King Archil in the early 5th c., Stepancminda, or the church of *Stephen (The First Martyr, S00030) was built on the banks of the Aragvi River. Written in Georgian, possibly in the 7th c.
E00112	Terracotta moulds from Elephantine (Upper Egypt) for the manufacture of lamps and ampullae, with Greek inscriptions naming Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Theodore (probably the soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), and Onnophrios (Egyptian anchorite, 4th c., S00055), with a further mould for a saint whose name is lost. 5th–7th c.
E00165	The Book of Miracles of St Stephen (1.1) tells how the arrival of relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at Uzalis (Proconsularis, central North Africa) in c. 418 was preceded by a vision in which a pious women was assured of their veracity. Written in Latin at Uzalis in the 420s.
E00307	The Book of Miracles of St Stephen (2.2) recounts how a woman suffering facial paralysis touched with her head the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in a church in Uzalis (Proconsularis, central North Africa), in c. 420. Written in Latin at Uzalis in the 420s.
E00330	Lamp from Egypt with Greek inscription (6th–7th c.) referring to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), exact provenance unknown.
E00367	Gregory of Tours writes the Glory of the Martyrs (Liber in Gloria Martyrum), in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594. Overview entry.
E00459	The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit to the basilica of Holy Sion (Jerusalem), formerly the house of James (almost certainly the 'brother of the Lord', S00058), in which he saw relics of the Passion, stones with which Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) was stoned, the stone into which the cross of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) was set, the chalice of the Apostles (S00084), and the elaborately encased skull of the martyr *Theodota (possibly Theodote, martyr of Nicaea, S00257), from which he drank. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00468	The Piacenza Pilgrim records the basilica of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) outside Jerusalem, built by the empress Eudocia and containing the tomb of the martyr, and her tomb close to that of the saint; also the tomb of George (soldier and martyr, S00259) at Diospolis, where miracles occur; all in Palestine. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560.
E00490	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (24), mentions relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at the shrine of the holy spring in Osset near Seville (southern Hispania). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00516	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (33), tells of an oratory of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Tours, which after an enlargement ordered by Gregory was provided with his relics; these were collected from the oratory of the bishop's residence in Tours, from a reliquary containing the relics of several saints, which miraculously, and unaided, first sprung open and later locked itself. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00517	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (33), tells of relics of the blood of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in the altar of a church in Bourges (central Gaul), where a man falsely accusing others of perjury was punished; in the late 560s or early 570s. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00518	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (33), tells of a woman, who in 577/585 experienced while fully awake a vision of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), accompanied by other saints, in the crypt of a church of Peter (the Apostle, S00036) in Bordeaux (south-west Gaul), where relics of unspecified saints were housed; Stephen, who had just rescued a ship at sea, dripped sea water on the floor; absorbed by the woman into a cloth, this acted as a powerful relic and was used by the bishop of Bordeaux in the consecration of churches. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00675	The Revelation of St Stephen, by Loukian of Kfar Gamla, describing the discovery in 415 of the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and his companions Nicodemus, Gamaliel and Abibas, is translated from Greek into Syriac between the middle of the 5th and the middle of the 6th century.
E00720	Inscription with prayer in Greek, from a church in Kasossos near Mylasa (Caria, western Asia Minor). Refers to saints and other holy figures: Abraham (Old Testament patriarch, S00275), Jacob (Old Testament patriarch, S00280), Moses (Old Testament prophet and lawgiver, S00241), Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), Elisha (Old Testament prophet, S00239), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), other unnamed Apostles (S00084), unnamed Confessors (S00184), George (soldier and martyr, S00259), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and a virgin Eirene (possibly the martyr of Magedon, S02162). Probably late antique (6th/8th c.) or later.
E00741	Greek list from the city of Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), presenting festal payments expected from various churches and shrines, most of them dedicated to saints, including Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Ioustos/Justus (saint with martyr shrine at Oxyrrhynkos, S01172), John the Baptist (S00020), Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), Thekla (probably the follower of Apostle Paul, S00092), Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), Neilos (perhaps the martyr of Alexandria, S00405), Viktor (, martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos, S00749), possibly Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Gabriel (the Archangel, S00192), Philoxenos (saint with cult at Oxyrhynchos, S00443), and Ioulianos/Julianus (probably the martyr of Cilicia, buried at Antioch or in Egypt, S00305); datable to the 5th c.
E00826	Greek building inscription for a church founded to the glory of God, Jesus Christ and *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), by Basilios, a bishop presumably of Mylasa (Caria, western Asia Minor). Found in a ruined church near Mylasa. Probably 5th or 6th c.
E00873	Greek inscription commemorating the foundation of a church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) by a family apparently devoted to the saint. Found near Aizanoi (Phrygia, west central Asia Minor).
E00911	Greek dedicatory inscription mentioning *Stephen (the First Martyr, 00030). Found at Dorylaion (Phrygia, west central Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
E00975	Quodvultdeus of Carthage, in his Book of Promises, names several tombs of apostles and saints which guarantee the truthfulness of the doctrine of the Church: in Jerusalem, of James (probably the 'brother of the Lord', S00058) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); at Ephesus, John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042); in Asia, Andrew (the Apostle, S00288); in Rome, the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and *Paul S00008). Written in Latin, probably during Quodvultdeus' exile in Italy, 440/454.
E00983	Greek inscription on a boundary stone of a church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found near Amisos (Helenopontus, northern Asia Minor). 491-518.
E00985	Quodvultdeus of Carthage tells a story of a possessed girl whom the bishop locked in a female monastery in Carthage, in which relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) were deposited, in 434. Account in the Book of Promises, written in Latin, probably during Quodvultdeus' exile in Italy in 440/454.
E01107	Greek inscription with a spurious poem attributed to the empress Eudocia, in honour of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), praising him as the healer of afflictions of the left foot and knee. Found in Safranbolu/Theodoroupolis (Paphlagonia, northern Asia Minor). Long believed to have been carved in 439, but actually dating to the late 19th c.
E01109	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how a blind woman in Aquae Tibilitanae (Numidia, central North Africa) was healed when she touched flowers which had been in contact with a reliquary containing relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), brought to this place by a bishop, in the early 420s. Written in Latin in Hippo Regius (North Africa), 426/427.
E01111	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) were deposited in Castellum Sinitense, close to Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa); the local bishop was healed when he carried them in procession; all in the early 420s. Written in Latin in Hippo, 426/427.
E01116	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), were deposited in Calama (Numidia, central North Africa); a few men, from Calama and other places, were healed there and one man was converted. Written in Latin in Hippo Regius (central North Africa), 426/427.
E01117	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), deposited on the estate named Audurus (central North Africa), saved a child driven over by a wagon. Written in Latin in Hippo (central North Africa), 426/427.
E01118	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how a tunic deposited at a shrine (memoria) of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), on the estate of Audurus (central North Africa), brought to life a virgin devoted to God. Written in Latin in Hippo Regius (central North Africa), 426/427.
E01119	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how the daughter of a Syrian was brought back to life when touched by her dress, which had been taken to the memorial shrine (memoria) of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa). Written in Latin in Hippo, 426/427.
E01120	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how a dead boy in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), anointed 'with oil of the martyr' *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), was brought back to life. Written in Latin in Hippo, 426/427.
E01125	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), claims that a number of miracles were wrought by the power of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), in Hippo Regius, Uzalis, and Calama (all in central North Africa), some of them being recorded in written accounts (libelli), and tells the story of a noble woman who miraculously learned to discard a talisman ring. Written in Latin in Hippo, 426/427.
E01135	Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God (22.8), tells how two siblings from Cappadocia (central Asia Minor)were healed at the memorial shrine of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) at Easter c. 425. The account of this miracle is publicly read in the church. Written in Latin in Hippo, 426/427.
E01228	The so-called cave of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), on the island of Tinos (the Aegean Islands) houses dozens graffiti and dipinti invoking God, Stephen, and Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Probably 6th-13th c.
E01305	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Leo (bishop of Rome, ob. 461, S00423), tells how a certain Demetrias built a basilica of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) on the via Latina outside Rome; how Leo himself established a monastery at St Peter's, built a basilica to Cornelius (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00172) near the cemetery of Callixtus on the via Appia, carried out a number of repairs at the basilicas of the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008) and at the Lateran, and replaced the liturgical vessels of the city's tituli, which had been stolen by the Vandals. It also gives an account of the Council held in the basilica of Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) at Chalcedon, near Constantinople, and records *Leo's burial in Rome at the basilica of St Peter on 11 April [AD 461].
E01307	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Hilarus (bishop of Rome, ob. 468, S00566) names his refurbishments in, and offerings to, several churches and oratories in Rome: dedicated to John (Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), John the Baptist (S00020), the Apostles Peter (S00036) and Paul (S00008), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E01313	The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of Simplicius (bishop of Rome, ob. 483, S00729) tells how he dedicated churches in and around Rome to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), and Bibiana (martyr of Rome under the emperor Julian, S00728); made arrangements concerning clergy in the churches of Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), and *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037); and made gifts to St Peter's basilica; it closes with a record of his burial in St Peter's basilica on 2 March [AD 483].
E01396	The early 5th c. Syriac Martyrology commemorates on 26 December the martyrdom of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Preserved in a manuscript written in Edessa (northern Mesopotamia) in 411.
E01431	Fragmentary Greek dedicatory inscription, commemorating an offering to God and *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably the construction of the building on which the inscription was displayed. Found at Constantina/Tella (north Mesopotamia/Osroene). Probably 5th-6th c.
E01629	The short Life of Theodorus (bishop of Rome, ob. 649, S00856) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, records his transfer of the bodies of Primus and Felicianus (martyrs of Rome, S00855) from the via Nomentana outside Rome to the intramural church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and his gifts there; the building of a church of Valentinus (priest and martyr of Rome, S00433) on the via Flaminia to the north of Rome; and oratories dedicated to Sebastianus (martyr of Rome, S00400) at the Lateran, and Euplus (martyr of Catania, S00207) outside the gate of St Paul (the Apostle, S00008). It also refers to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) 'at the Crib' [= S. Maria Maggiore], and to Theodorus' burial at St. *Peter's (the Apostle, S00036) on 14 May.
E01651	Floor-mosaic showing a church, labelled 'of Saint Stephen' (certainly the First Martyr, S00030). Found in a church at Kapropera/al-Bāra/el-Bāra in the territory of Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably mid-6th c.
E01700	The short Life of Conon (bishop of Rome, ob. 687, S00891) in the Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome soon after his death, mentions a gathering of soldiers at the basilica of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Rome, and Conon's burial at the church of *Peter (the Apostle, S00036) on 21 September.
E01808	Gregory of Nyssa composes his Encomium on Basil (bishop of Caesarea, ob. 379, S00780), which he delivers during the saint’s festival on 1 January. Basil’s memory is added to a series of major feasts, namely Christmas, Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and the Apostles Peter (S00036), James (S00108),John (S00042), and Paul (S00008). The author argues that Basil deserves to be honoured after these figures. He mentions miracles during Basil’s life. Written in Greek in Cappadocia (central Asia Minor), in the 380s.
E01815	Two Greek inscriptions on a boundary stone marking the area of asylum of a church dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found in Djuwaniyeh, between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). One of them is dated 544.
E01819	Fragment probably of a bronze reliquary cross with a labelled depiction of probably *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found near Belen (Amanus Mountains, northwest Syria). 6th c. or later.
E01830	Gregory of Nyssa, in the 380s, delivers his Encomium on *Stephen the First Martyr I (S00030), during a service held on his feast day, probably at Nyssa in Cappadocia (central Asia Minor). He analyses the story as recounted by Acts. Written in Greek.
E01831	Gregory of Nyssa in his Second Encomium on Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), written in 386, refers to the feasts of Stephen, and of the Apostles Peter (S00036), James (S00108), and John (S00042), probably celebrated on 26 and 27 December. Composed in Greek in Cappadocia (central Asia Minor).
E01851	Augustine of Hippo, in his Letter 212 of c. 425, recommends to an African bishop two women who carry relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin in Hippo (Numidia, central North Africa).
E01902	The Apostolic Constitutions, of 375/380, recommend that martyrs be honoured, invoking the examples of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and James ('brother of the Lord', S00058). It also condemns the veneration of false martyrs, and prohibits belching, debauchery, singing, and various pagan practices, perhaps associated with Christian feasts. Written in Greek, probably in Syria.
E01904	Gregory of Nazianzus in his Oration 4 (Against Julian I), of 362/363, refers to the deaths of martyrs, naming the Apostles John (S00042), Peter (S00036), Paul (S00008), and James (S00108), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Luke (the Evangelist, S00442), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), and Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092). He refers to the festivals held in their honour and the miracles effected by their bodily remains. Written in Greek at Nazianzus (central Asia Minor).
E01939	Inscribed element of a reliquary cross with labelled depictions of probably Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and possibly Nicholas (bishop of Myra under Constantine, S00520), and *Helena (empress and mother of Constantine, ob. 328, S00185). Reportedly seen in Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Probably 6th-7th c.
E01951	Greek building inscription probably for a sanctuary of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found near Liftāya to the west of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Dated 573.
E01981	Victor of Vita, in his History of the Vandal Persecution (3.14), recounts how a boy of Carthage (central North Africa), baptised into the Nicene Church, resisted an Arian attempt to re-baptise him, invoking the name of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin, probably in Carthage, 484/489.
E01988	Augustine of Hippo, in a sermon preached in an unidentified city of central North Africa, mentions unspecified healing miracles produced daily through the relics (per memoriam) of a martyr, probably *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Sermon 61A, delivered in Latin in the 420s.
E01999	The Life of Melania the Younger (aristocratic ascetic in Jerusalem, ob. 439, S01134), by Gerontius, a monk at her monastery, recounts how, in 417/418, she placed relics of the prophet Zechariah (S00283), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103) in the oratory of the female monastery she founded on the Mount of Olives outside Jerusalem; and how she later built a small martyrion, whose dedication is not recorded, for the male monastery she had founded subsequently. Written in Greek or Latin, probably in Jerusalem, c. 450.
E02003	The Life of Melania the Younger (aristocratic ascetic in Jerusalem, ob. 439, S01134), by Gerontius, a monk at her monastery, recounts how shortly before her death, on the feast of the martyr, she visited the martyrion of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and later went to the martyrion of the male monastery she had founded, which also had relics of Stephen. Written in Greek or Latin, probably in Jerusalem, c. 450.
E02011	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (1.25), mentions several 1st, 2nd, and 3rd c. martyrs, namely Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), James ('the brother of the Lord', S00058), Mark (the Evangelist, S00293), Stephen (the first martyr, S00030), Clemens/Clement (bishop of Rome, martyr of the Crimea, S00111), Symeon (bishop and martyr of Jerusalem, S01139), Ignatios, (bishop of Antioch and martyr of Rome, S00649), Iustinus (philosopher and martyr of Rome, S01140), Polycarp (bishop and martyr of Smyrna, S00004), Cornelius (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00172), and Cyprian (bishop and martyr of Carthage, S00411). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02013	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (1.31), recounts the coming of Christianity to Bourges (central Gaul), and mentions relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in its most important church. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02021	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.6), describes the miraculous survival of an oratory in Metz (eastern Gaul) with relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), when the city was burnt by the Huns in 451. In a vision, Stephen is seen seeking the help of the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), to save the whole city, or at least his oratory. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02026	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (2.17), tells of narrative frescoes in the church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), constructed in the suburbs of Clermont (central Gaul) by the wife of Namatius, bishop of Clermont (c. 446-462). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 575/594.
E02043	Hydatius in his Chronicle records the discovery near Jerusalem in 415 of the body of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); written in Latin, probably in Chaves (north-west Hispania), c. 468/469.
E02049	Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the completion and paving of a church (naos) dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found at Riḥāb, between Bostra and Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/the Roman province of Arabia). Dated 620.
E02122	Greek inscription on a lintel with the name of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found at Nāmr al-Hawā (to the south of Sheikh Meskin and to the north of Adraha, Roman province of Arabia). Probably late antique.
E02129	Greek list, most likely from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt), presenting deacons and sub-deacons of churches and martyr shrines, including a martyrion of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); datable to the 5th century.
E02131	Floor-moasic with a Greek inscription commemorating the paving of a church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and a reliquary. Found at Umm er-Rasas/Kastron Mefaa, to the southeast of Madaba (Roman province of Arabia). Dated probably 718 or 785.
E02145	Asterius of Amasea, in his Homily XII, On *Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), delivered on the saint’s festival on 26 December, presents a contemplation on the story and martyrdom of Stephen. Written in Greek at Amaseia/Amasea of Pontus (northern Asia Minor), in the late 4th or early 5th c..
E02185	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (6.11), in a story set in 581, mentions the church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) outside Marseille (southern Gaul). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 581/594.
E02203	Calendar of the Church of Carthage (central North Africa) lists saints whose liturgical commemorations were celebrated in December. Written in Latin in Carthage, probably between 505 and 535.
E02294	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of Marianus and Iacobus (clerics and martyrs of Numidia, S01132); he compares the mother of Marianus to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) and encourages his audience to imitate the martyrs. Sermon 284, delivered in Latin, probably in Carthage (central North Africa), possibly in either 397 or 418.
E02344	Avitus, a priest of Braga (north-west Hispania) sojourning in Jerusalem, writes a letter to Bishop Balconius and the clergy of Braga, to accompany relics from the body of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), recently discovered at Caphargamala (near Jerusalem); these Avitus sends in the care of the priest Orosius. With the letter and relics, Avitus also sends his translation of Lucianus of Caphargamala's account of the discovery of the body of Stephen (E07606). Written in Latin in 416. Full text, and full English translation.
E02397	Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.1), quotes in full the instructions of Pope Gregory the Great in 590 to the people of Rome, then suffering the plague, for a sevenfold litany (septiformis letania), with seven supplicatory processions through the city to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) [Santa Maria Maggiore], departing from different churches: of Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385); Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313); Marcellinus and Petrus (priest and exorcist, martyrs of Rome, S00577); Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome, S00384); Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017); Clemens/Clement, (bishop of Rome, martyr of the Crimea, S00111). Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 590/594.
E02467	Coptic letter, from Ape (Upper Egypt), mentioning a church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E02493	The Latin Martyrdom of Euticius (priest and martyr of Ferento, S01228) narrates Euticius’ celebration of liturgy at the tomb of the martyrs Gratilianus and Felicissima (martyrs of Faleri, S01477), his arrest, tortures endured and death, and his burial by the bishop Dionysius in a crypt fifteen miles outside Ferento (near Viterbo, north of Rome), where later, according to an appendix, a church with a miraculous spring is built. Written presumably in the region of Ferento, at an uncertain date between the 6th and the 9th c.
E02566	Greek graffito on a roof tile, with an invocation of Paulos (probably the Apostle, S00008, but perhaps another saintly Paulos) and Germanos (possibly the martyr of Caesarea of Palestine, S00195) on behalf of the circus faction of the Blues; a fragmentary dedicatory inscription to a saint whose name is lost; and a reliquary. All found in the so-called 'Church of St. Paul' at Umm er-Rasas/Kastron Mefaa, to the southeast of Madaba (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late 6th or 7th c.
E02567	John Chrysostom delivers a homily On the Holy Martyrs during a festival at Antioch, held on 2 August, after the feast of the *Maccabean Martyrs (pre-Christian Jewish martyrs of Antioch, S00303); the celebration concerns unnamed martyrs of the countryside near Antioch. John refers to the power of relics, which is not diminished by their partition. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 386/397.
E02690	Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Confessors (72), tells of the cemetery at Autun (central Gaul) where the holy dead are heard singing psalms; two men saw these souls in the adjacent church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and were warned by one of them to leave the town; the one who didn't do so died. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 587/588.
E02707	Fragmentary Greek inscription with the heading of an imperial letter from Justinian, probably concerning the boundaries of asylum of a sanctuary of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Jerusalem, presumably the Eudocian church and monastery to the north of the north city gate. Found in Jerusalem (Roman Palaestina I). Probably c. 533.
E02708	Fragmentary Greek inscription with a list of relics probably deposited by the empress Eudocia at the church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Jerusalem, to the north of the north city gate. Found in Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Possibly 460.
E02836	The Greek Martyrdom of *Polyeuktos (soldier and martyr of Melitene, S00325) recounts the story of two soldiers and friends, the Christian Nearchos and the nominally pagan Polyeuktos; the latter defiantly refuses to sacrifice and is martyred in Melitene (eastern Asia Minor). Probably written in Melitene in the 4th/5th c., with a later appendix.
E02837	The appendix to the Greek Martyrdom of *Polyeuktos of Melitene (soldier and martyr of Melitene, S00325), of the 4th/5th c., mentions the transfer of a blood relic from Melitene to the city of Kana (in Lycaonia or Egypt?). It requires the annual celebration of the saint’s feast and the reading of his martyrdom account, and mentions feasts on 9 January and 25 December. Probably written in Egypt.
E02907	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however 5th-7th c. prototypes from Jerusalem, commemorates on 14 January, in the church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Nino (Enlightener of Georgia, S00072) and *Hermylos and Stratonikos (martyrs of Singidunum, S01814).
E02945	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem prescribes on 14 January service for the saint in the church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E02953	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 22 January, at the church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), All Martyrs (S01151) from Stephen to the present.
E02967	Lid of a limestone reliquary, covered by four Greek inscriptions referring to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Christophoros (martyr of Pamphylia, S00616), a certain John (probably the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), and the Apostles, all of them with unnamed companions (?). Unknown provenance (possibly Syria), now in the Benaki Museum (Athens). Probably 5th-6th c.
E02982	Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna, preaches a sermon (Sermon 154) for the feast of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Delivered in Latin in Ravenna (northern Italy), c. 450.
E03196	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 15 June the deposition of the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E03208	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 27 June, at the church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), the deposition of relics of Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs in Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710).
E03265	The Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem, composed in Greek in the seventh century and translated in the eighth, commemorates on 5 July the deposition of the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E03278	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 18 July commemorates Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701) at her tomb on the road to Bethlehem, the deposition of the relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), John the Baptist (S00020), Zechariah (father of John the Baptist, S00597), Phokas (martyr of Antioch, S00413), *Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs of Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710).
E03285	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 25 July the deposition of of the relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and John the Baptist (S00020).
E03471	The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 27 December *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E03499	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), in which he explains why the Church celebrates only the day of a martyr's death. Sermon 314, delivered in Latin, probably in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 391 and 430.
E03555	Three Greek inscriptions from Khirbet el-Jiljil and Beit Jimal (close to Eleutheropolis, Roman province of Palaestina I) once implausibly identified as referring to a shrine built at the site of the tomb of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at Caphargamala, but actually connected to a wine press and a regular dining room. Probably 5th-6th c.
E03556	Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions invoking the intercession of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and referring to a saint whose name is lost. Found at Yishub/Khirbet Kafr Sibb near Baḥan, c. 5 km to the north of modern Tulkarm (Samaria, Roman province of Palestina I). Probably 6th c.
E03562	Floor-mosaics with inscriptions invoking *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and the God of St. Stephen, and mentioning a bishop involved in the embellishment of places of saintly cult. Found at Ḥorvat Be’er-Shema/Khirbet el-Far (probably ancient Birsama/Bersamon) in the north-western Negev, between Gaza and Elousa, close to Beersheva (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably late 5th - early 6th c.
E03587	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on the feast of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030; he emphasises that the story of Stephen is well known from the canonical text which is read at his feast, whereas for the feasts of other martyrs relevant texts are less accessible. Sermon 315, delivered in Latin, possibly in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) in 416/417.
E03592	Marcellinus Comes, in his Chronicle, records the discovery of the body of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) by the priest Lucianus in 415. Written in Latin in Constantinople, 518/534.
E03593	Marcellinus Comes, in his Chronicle, describes how the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) were brought to the West by the presbyter and historian Orosius in 416. Written in Latin in Constantinople, 518/534.
E03597	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon at the feast of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), referring to miracles which occur at his relics and asking both Stephen and Paul (the Apostle S00008) for intercession. Sermon 316, delivered in Latin, probably in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), 425/430.
E03601	Marcellinus Comes, in his Chronicle, reports that relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) were brought to Constantinople from Jerusalem by the empress Eudocia and placed in the church of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) in 439. Written in Latin in Constantinople, 518/534.
E03605	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon, most probably at the feast of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) or possibly at the translation of his relics to Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa); he states that the body of Stephen is deposited in many places, refers to dust (pulvis) which attracts people to the church in which he is preaching, and expresses his belief that miracles will occur in this place. Sermon 317, delivered in Latin, probably in Hippo, 425/430.
E03606	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon at the deposition of relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa); he recalls the discovery and distribution of these relics and refers to the finding of the relics of Gervasius and Protasius (brothers and martyrs of Milan, S00313) in Milan (northern Italy), which took place when he was living there. Sermon 318, delivered in Latin in Hippo, c. 425.
E03610	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon, probably at a feast of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); he reminds his audience of the discovery of Stephen's relics, emphasises that his miracles are performed by God's power, and refers to written testimonies (libelli) of those who have been cured. Sermon 319, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), 425/430.
E03631	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on Easter Sunday, referring to a man who has has just been healed by the agency of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); sight of the healed man is better testimony than any written account (libellus). Sermon 320, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), 424/427.
E03632	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on Easter Monday, promising that a written account (libellus) of a man healed by the agency of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) will be read next day. Sermon 321, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), 424/427.
E03660	Augustine of Hippo tells how a man's own account of his miraculous healing at the relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa) is read out there during the mass on Easter Tuesday. The account presents a story of siblings seeking healing in various holy places, including shrines of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) in Ravenna (northern Italy), and of Stephen in Ancona (central Italy) and Uzalis (North Africa). The account is preserved as Augustine's Sermon 322, delivered in Latin in Hippo, 424/427.
E03791	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 5 July Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and Dometios (monk of Syria, later 4th c., S00414), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and Martha (mother of Symeon Stylites the Younger, ob. late 6th c., S00864).
E03804	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 18 July Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701); the deposition of relics of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), John the Baptist (S00020), Zechariah (father of John the Baptist, S00597) and forty unnamed martyrs (perhaps the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, S00103); Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs of Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710); Phokas (possibly the martyr of Antioch, S00413); Athanasios (governor of Egypt and martyr of Klysma, S01216), here presented as a brother of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079); and *Dioskoros (probably the Decian martyr of Egypt, S00230).
E03820	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 2 August probably Quintilianus and Dadas (martyrs of Durostorum, S00551), and Seven Sleepers of Ephesus (brothers who fell asleep during the persecution of Decius, S00287) and the invention of the relics of *Stephen (the First-Martyr, S00030).
E03851	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on Easter Tuesday in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), after the reading of a written account (libellus) of a man healed by the agency of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). The sermon, which mentions miracles at Uzalis (Proconsularis, central North Africa) and at Ancona (central Italy), where a stone from the stoning of Stephen is preserved, is interrupted by another miraculous healing. Sermon 323, delivered in Latin, 424/427.
E03868	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 17 September Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) and Epiphanios (bishop of Salamis, ob. 403, S00215) or *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E03971	The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 27 December *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030).
E03999	Augustine of Hippo preaches a sermon on Easter Wednesday, in which he finishes a story about a boy brought back to life at the shrine of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Uzalis (Proconsularis, central North Africa). Sermon 324, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), 424/427.
E04056	Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History (8.24), mentions that the Novatian bishop of Constantinople Sisinnios (c. 390-410) dedicated a church to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). He had a vision (probably of Stephen) revealing to him the martyrdom of the young reader Eutropios (S01176), a supporter of John Chrysostom, who died after severe torture in 405. Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/450.
E04059	Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History (9.16 & 17), recounts the discovery in Palestine of the relics of Zechariah (Old Testament Prophet S00283) and Stephen the First Martyr (S00030) under Theodosius II (r. 408-450). Written in Greek at Constantinople, 439/450.
E04144	Coptic account from Edfu/Apollonopolis (Upper Egypt) concerning the delivery of measures of vegetables, mentioning institutions dedicated to *Kyriakos (presumably the child martyr of Tarsus, S00007) and Stephen (possibly the First Martyr, S00030) receiving a delivery/donation; datable to the second half of the 7th century.
E04155	Greek inscription on the top of a capital, saying that it was ordered by a church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) 'of Monaeis'. Found at Horvat Ma'on/Khirbet Ma'in in the north-west Negev desert, near Gaza, Beersheva, and Elousa (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 5th-6th c.
E04156	Fragmentary Greek inscription commemorating the completion of a 'place' (topos) of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and a 'place' (topos) of Abraham (probably the Old Testament patriarch, S00275). Found at Beersheva in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 5th-6th c.
E04157	Greek inscription with an invocation of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably from a church dedicated to the saint. Found at Beersheva in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). One of its fragments was displaced and found in Jerusalem, and, therefore, incorrectly ascribed to that city in early editions. Probably 5th-6th c.
E04169	Greek inscription on a capital, invoking the help of the God of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found at Shivta (ancient Sobata) in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th c.
E04192	Eustratius of Constantinople in his tract On the State of Souls after Death, argues that miracles and visions are performed by the souls of the saints personally, responding to those who deny the posthumous activity of the soul and ascribe miracles to divine powers assuming the forms of the saints. He quotes from several hagiographic works. Written in Greek at Constantinople, 583/602.
E04217	Coptic document from Hermonthis (Upper Egypt) with a declaration made by a newly ordained deacon addressing bishop Abraham of Hermonthis, mentioning a presbyter of (a church of) Apa *Stephanos (possibly the First Martyr, S00030); datable around 600.
E04280	Greek epitaph for two men, father and son, described as life-long devoted servants of an unnamed martyr. Found at Elousa in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Dated 544/545.
E04333	Greek inscriptions and graffiti found in the entrance hall at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), invoking Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), the God of Stephen and Sergios, and the God of unnamed martyrs. It is possible, but very unlikely, that *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) was invoked together with Sergios in one of the texts. Probably 5th-7th c.
E04336	Greek inscriptions and graffiti found in the martyr shrine at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III): the epitaph for a presbyter naming his place of burial a martyr shrine (martyrion); an invocation, probably of the God of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); and two inscriptions/graffiti in cursive script, of uncertain purpose, naming various saints. One of them is dated 464. Others: probably 5th-7th c.
E04342	Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the help of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found in Room 8 at the North Church of Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). One of them is dated 586.
E04343	Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the God of All Saints, the intercession of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably the *Forty Martyrs (of Sebasteia, S00103, or of the Sinai Desert, S01620), and saints whose names are lost. Found in Room 7 at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 5th-7th c.
E04345	Fragmentary Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00292), the God of the two saints, Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and saints whose names are lost (possibly Viktor, martyr of Egypt, S00749; or Viktor, martyr of Maiuma near Gaza, S00292). Scattered over unrecorded locations around the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04352	Fragmentary Greek graffiti invoking the God of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably Sergios (soldier and martyr in Rusafa, S00023), and saints whose names are lost. Scattered over unrecorded locations at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04431	Gregory the Great, in his Dialogues (1.5), describes a miracle effected by Constantius (S01711), a 6th c. sacristan of the church of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) near Ancona (central Italy), and how his fame attracted people who travelled to see him. Written in Latin in Rome, c. 593.
E04493	Evagrius Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical History (1.22), reports that the empress Eudocia built a magnificent church for *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) outside the walls of Jerusalem, where she was buried in 460. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 593/594.
E04530	Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built or renovated numerous forts in the western Balkans, five of them named after saints. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04536	Augustine of Hippo, in his Sermon 356, mentions a memorial shrine (memoria) at Hippo of an unnamed martyr, almost certainly Stephen (the First Martyr 00030), built and paid for by the local deacon Heraclius; and the basilica of the Eight Martyrs (of Hippo, S01441), ordered by Augustine, paid for by his congregation and overseen by the priest Leporius. Sermon delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), in January 426.
E04537	Augustine of Hippo, in his Sermon 375B, refers, for the sake of theological argument, to the martyrs Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and Phokas (probably Phokas, martyr of Sinope, S00052). Sermon preached in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), sometime between 397 and 430.
E04551	Augustine of Hippo preaches on an occasion connected with a martyr, probably *Stephen (the First Martyr S00030), and mentions a written account (libellus) of his miracles. Sermon 94, delivered in Latin in Hippo Regius (Numidia, central North Africa), possibly c. 425.
E04578	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 2 January.
E04905	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 2 August.
E04906	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 3 August.
E04931	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 26 August.
E04932	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 27 August.
E04933	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 28 August.
E04953	The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) recounts the foundation of the monastery of Holy Sion in the village of Pharroa in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor) and the miracles of Nikolaos, its first abbot. A number of shrines of different saints are mentioned in the narrative. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion. Overview entry
E04956	The Greek Life of Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) mentions that the monastery of Holy Sion in Pharroa of Lycia possessed relics of John (probably the Baptist, S00020), Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), Theodoros (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), Sergios and Bakchos (martyrs of Syria, S00030, S00079), and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103), and describes the place of the relics of *Nikolaos (abbot of Holy Sion and bishop of Pinara, ob. 564) in the same church. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor).
E04973	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 1 October.
E05040	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 3 December.
E05065	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 26 December.
E05071	The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 1 January.
E05169	The Latin Calendar of Sinai records the feasts of saints through the year, followed by a list of the apostles to various regions of Christianity. Written possibly in North Africa, possibly in the 7th/8th c.; preserved in a manuscript, probably of the 9th c., in St Catherine's monastery, Sinai. Basic Entry.
E05172	Latin Orationale of the Old Hispanic Liturgy of the 7th c. (Orationale Visigothicum), with prayers used on the feasts of saints in December: Leocadia (virgin and confessor of Toledo, S01367), Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407), Mary, Mother of Christ (S00033), Stephen, the First Martyr (S00030), Eugenia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00401), John the Apostle and Evangelist (S00042), *Columba (virgin and martyr of Sens, 01862).
E05194	Latin inscription with a poem commemorating the construction of the basilica of *Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), the church of S. Stefano on the via Latina, Rome, as the dying wish of Amnia Demetrias, Roman aristocrat and consecrated virgin. The work was entrusted to, and completed by, Pope Leo I, and overseen by the presbyter Tigrinus. 440/461.
E05213	Fragmentary Latin epitaph, dated 530/533, partly composed as a poem, partly as prose, recording the burial of a certain Maurianus, of spectabilis rank, in the church of S. Stefano/basilica of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) on the via Latina, Rome, as a 'lawful prize to his merits'. The inscription also probably encourages the reader to praise Stephen as the saint who 'receives us all'.
E05283	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several shrines and festivals of saints at Sykeon and other places in Anatolia, the Holy Land, and Constantinople. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05291	The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619) is written by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, recounting the life, ascetic feats, and miracles of its hero, and the foundation of the monastic centre of Sykeon in Galatia (central Asia Minor). The text mentions several shrines and festivals of saints in cities and villages of Asia Minor, and also in Constantinople and the Holy Land. Written in Greek at Sykeon, in the 640s. Overview entry
E05292	Mosaic on the triumphal arch of the church of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura on the via Tiburtina, Rome, with Christ flanked by the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), who are in turn flanked by Laurence/Laurentius (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), presenting to Christ Pope Pelagius II holding a model of the basilica, and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) presenting *Hippolytus (martyr of Rome, S00509). 579/590.
E05360	Latin inscription, now lost, with a poem ascribed to Alcuin of York, describing a picture of the martyrdom of Laurence/Laurentius (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably displayed in the Pelagian basilica of Laurence on the ager Veranus, via Tiburtina, Rome. 8th c.
E05403	Proclus of Constantinople composes a homily On *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably echoing the transfer of relics of the saints to Constantinople under the influence of the empress Pulcheria. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in 415/439.
E05453	Proclus of Constantinople composes his Homily 17, On *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), which he preaches during a festival in Constantinople. Written in Greek in the 420s or 430s.
E05492	Leo the Great composes a Latin sermon (Sermon 85) in Rome in 446/461 in honour of the feast day of *Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037).
E05555	Venantius Fortunatus writes eleven books of Poems in Latin, mainly in western and north-western Gaul, 565/600; many of them with reference to saints. Overview entry.
E05564	Venantius Fortunatus writes a poem (1.3), On the basilica of the lord *Stephen (the First Martyr (S00030), built by a certain Palladius, possibly Palladius, bishop of Saintes (western Gaul). Written in Latin, probably in Gaul, 565/576, but perhaps earlier.
E05622	Bede, in his Martyrology, records the feast on 19 September in Naples (southern Italy) of Ianuarius/ Genuarius (bishop of Benevento and martyr of Naples, S01322); Sossius (deacon of Miseno, martyred at Pozzuoli S00621); Festus and Desiderius (martyrs of Benevento, S02085); and Proculus, Eutyches and Acutius (martyrs of Pozzuoli, S02086), of whom the last three were buried near a church dedicated to *Stephen (presumably the first martyr, S00030). Written in Latin at Wearmouth-Jarrow (north-east Britain), 725/731.
E05656	Desiderius of Cahors, in a letter to Chlodulf (Letter 1.8), requests his favour towards the cathedral dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Cahors (south-west Gaul). Written in Latin in Cahors, mid-7th century.
E05667	Desiderius of Cahors, in a letter to Abbo, bishop of Metz (Letter 1.9), requests his favour towards the cathedral dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Cahors (south-west Gaul). Written in Latin in Cahors, mid-7th century.
E05735	John Malalas in his Chronographia (Book 17), in an account of events in Antioch (Syria) in the early 6th century, mentions the local shrines of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Michael (the Archangel, S00181), Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), unnamed Prophets (S00139), Zachariah (probably the father of John the Baptist, S00597, or the Old Testament Prophet, S00283), and Kosmas and Damianos (brothers and physician martyrs, S00385), as well as a Gate of *Ioulianos (martyr of Cilicia buried at Antioch, S00305). Written in Greek at Antioch or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05784	Agnellus of Ravenna, writing in 830/846 in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis (42), tells of the building of a church dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Rimini (northern Italy) by the empress Galla Placidia (ob. 450). Written in Latin at Ravenna in 830/846.
E05812	Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, quotes the dedicatory inscription of a church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Ravenna (northern Italy), founded by Bishop Maximian (546-557). Account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05862	The Calendar of Willibrord, in its earliest version, records the feasts of various saints in December. Written in Latin at Echternach, Frisia (north-east Gaul), 703/710.
E05891	Hesychius of Jerusalem composes his Homily 9, On *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), which he preaches during the celebration of the saint, probably held at the diaconikon of Holy Sion in Jerusalem on 27 December. Written in Greek at Jerusalem, 415/438.
E05910	The Latin Life of *Arnulf (bishop of Metz, ob. c. 640, S02103) records the saint's career as courtier and bishop; his resignation and retreat to a hermitage; his death and burial; his later translation to the church of the Holy Apostles (S00084) in Metz, and his posthumous miracles. Written at Metz (eastern Gaul), perhaps shortly after c. 650.
E05911	List of litanies and vigils at churches and monasteries of Auxerre (central Gaul), written in Latin at Auxerre in the time of Bishop Aunacharius (561-605), possibly in the period 585/592: churches mentioned are dedicated to Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 448, S00455), Amator (bishop of Auxerre, ob. 418, S01980), Marianus (ascetic of Auxerre, 5th c., S02175), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Valerianus (bishop of Auxerre, 4th c., S02176), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Julian (martyr of Brioude, S00035), and monasteries dedicated to Cyricus/Kyrikos (child martyr of Tarsus, S00007) and (without naming them directly), *Priscus and his companions (martyrs of Auxerre, S02412).
E05912	The will of Desiderius, bishop of Auxerre (ob. 614/627), includes donations to churches and monasteries in and around Auxerre, Sens, Cahors, and Toulouse (in northern and south-west Gaul), dedicated to 16 named saints or pairs of saints. Written in Latin at Auxerre (central Gaul), 605/627.
E05965	The will of Desiderius, bishop of Cahors (ob. c. 655), summarised in the Latin Life of Desiderius (E08220), leaves property to churches or monasteries in and around Cahors (south-west Gaul), dedicated to fourteen named saints or pairs of saints. Summary written in Cahors, c. 670/700.
E05994	Coptic ostracon from Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt) with an funerary inscription, mentioning the monastery of Apa *Stephen (presumably Stephen, the First Martyr, S00030) at the city of Ape (Upper Egpyt); datable to the 7th/8th century.
E06033	Fragmentary Latin epitaph for a nun from a monastery of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); found at the mausoleum of Santa Costanza, cemetery of Sant'Agnese, via Nomentana, Rome. Probably late 6th c. or later.
E06039	Anonymous Latin sermon ('Eusebius Gallicanus', Sermones extravagantes 1) on the discovery of the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), including passages in which the preacher attacks those who say there is no biblical authority for venerating martyrs. Probably composed in Gaul in the 5th century.
E06046	Mosaics in the nave of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna (northern Italy) depicting twenty-two female saints, preceded by the three Magi, processing towards the Virgin and Child, and twenty-six male saints, probably originally preceded by *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), processing towards Christ; created under Bishop Agnellus, 557/570.
E06051	Anonymous sermon ('Eusebius Gallicanus', Sermon 3), on *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Preached in Latin in Gaul, probably in the 5th century.
E06063	Gennadius of Marseille, in his De viris illustribus ('On distinguished men'), describes how Lucianus, the discoverer of the relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), wrote an account of his discovery, which was translated into Latin by the presbyter Avitus, and circulated in the West by Orosius, who was also the first to bring relics of Stephen to the West. Written in Latin at Marseille (southern Gaul), c. 468.
E06072	The Latin Life of *Hilary of Arles (Hilary/Hilarius, bishop of Arles, ob. 449, S00435) is written in southern Gaul in the late 5th century. Overview entry.
E06080	Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to a basilica at Mount Sion, Jerusalem, where one could see the rock on which *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) died. Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689.
E06095	The will of Bertram/Bertrand, bishop of Le Mans, of 27 March 616, establishes as the bishop's heirs two churches at Le Mans (north-west Gaul), one dedicated to Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), the other to the Apostles Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), which Bertram himself had built; and makes provisions concerning numerous properties across Gaul, including churches associated with various saints, mostly in or around Le Mans. Written in Latin at Le Mans.
E06113	Greek receipt from Arsinoiton Polis (Fayum) concerning straw, mentioning a church of *Stephen (presumably the First Martyr, S00030) where one of the witnesses is a priest; datable to the 7th century.
E06127	Greek list of unknown Egyptian provenance recording donations in meat made for saints' feast days, among them Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Apa Viktor (presumably the martyr of Egypt, son of Romanos), and Apa *Phoibammon (presumably the soldier and martyr, S00080); datable to the 5th century.
E06246	Ten episcopal charters of debated authenticity, granting privileges of immunity to monasteries, record various dedications to saints at monastic churches in Gaul. Some of the charters note among their precedents the special privileges already enjoyed by the church at Chalon-sur-Saône dedicated to Marcellus (martyr of Chalon-sur-Saône, S00323) and 'the place of the saints of Agaune' (north-east Gaul), i.e. its monastery dedicated to The Theban Legion (martyrs of Agaune, S00339). Written in Latin in Gaul, 637-92.
E06262	Jacob of Serugh's Syriac Homily (memrā) on the Church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), laments the despoliation of the church dedicated to Stephen in Amida (northern Mesopotamia) and its conversion into a fire temple by the Persians, after the take-over of the city by the troops of Kavadh I in the year 503. Written in Syriac in northern Mesopotamia, c. 503.
E06283	The Latin Life of *Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491), records in two books the bishop's life, miracles (several through objects that had been in contact with the saint), and death. Several churches and feasts in Arles are mentioned. Written by five clerics of the ecclesiastical province of Arles (southern Gaul), 542/5.
E06330	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 2.6) of 591, to Felix, bishop of Messina, refers to the foundation of a basilica dedicated to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Pancratius (bishop and martyr of Taormina, S00307) and *Euplus (martyr of Catania, S00207), in Messina (Sicily), and to the provision of contact relics (sanctuaria) for it. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06369	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 6.45) of 596, to Leontius, bishop of Rimini, instructs him to dedicate a restored church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Rimini (northern Italy), and to place contact relics (sanctuaria) of the saint within it. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06379	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 8.17) of 598, to Marinianus, bishop of Ravenna, seeks to regulate the affairs of a monastery dedicated to John (probably the Baptist, S00020) and Stephen (the first martyr, S00030) at Classe (the port of Ravenna, northern Italy). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06381	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 8.23) of 598, to the defensor Fantinus, mentions a monastery dedicated to *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Agrigento (Sicily). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06443	Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 14.14) of 604, to Felix, sub-deacon and governor of the Appian patrimony, details lands which will be used to support the lighting of the church of Paul (the Apostle, S00008), San Paolo fuori le mura; in detailing the locations of these lands, monasteries of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) and 'of saint *Aristus' (possibly Hedistus, martyr of Laurentum, S01229), both close to San Paolo, are mentioned. Written in Latin in Rome.
E06449	Gregory the Great in a document of 603 (Register, Appendix 9) issues instructions for a sevenfold litany (septiformis letania), with seven supplicatory processions through Rome to the church of Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) [Santa Maria Maggiore], seeking the end of an unspecified scourge from God; the processions are to leave from the following churches: of John (the Baptist, S00020); Marcellus (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00529); Iohannes and Paulus (brothers and eunuchs, martyrs of Rome, S00384); Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385); Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); Vitalis (martyr of Ravenna, S02826); Caecilia (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00146). Written in Latin in Rome.
E06468	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Euthymios (monastic founder in Palestine, οb. 472, S01352), recounting his life as a miracle-working ascetic, adding a set of posthumous miracle stories, and including references to the cult of several other saints. Written in Greek at the New Laura in Palestine, in 555/557. Overview entry
E06501	The Latin Life of Virgilius (bishop of Arles, ob. c. 612, S02445) records the bishop's background at Lérins, his church dedications and miracles at Arles, and his death and burial; the text is heavily derivative of Dynamius of Marseilles' Life of Maximus of Riez (E00852). Written almost certainly at Arles (southern Gaul), c. 612/800, probably before c. 735.
E06592	The Latin Gelasian Sacramentary (or Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae), probably compiled around 750 near Paris using earlier material from Rome, records prayers to saints on their feast days in December.
E06677	Cyril of Scythopolis composes the Life of *Sabas (‘the Sanctified’, monastic founder in Palestine, ob. 532, S00910), recounting his life as a miracle working ascetic and founder of numerous monasteries, adding a set of posthumous miracle stories, and including references to cults of several other saints. Written in Greek at the New Laura in Palestine, 555/557. Overview entry
E06798	The Greek Martyrdom of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Skeleton entry
E06850	Hymn in honour of *Stephen the First Martyr (S00030) composed in Latin in Spain possibly in the 7th century.
E06887	List of subscriptions documenting foundations dedicated to saints in Constantinople, Syria, and Palestine, preserved in a petition to Pope Agapitus I from eastern monks. Written in Greek in Constantinople in 536.
E06932	Will of Caesarius, bishop of Arles, making provisions for ecclesiastical foundations dedicated to John (the Baptist, S00020), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) at Arles (southern Gaul). Written in Latin at Arles, 512/42.
E06933	The Book of the Angel outlines the privileges of the church at Armagh (north-east Ireland) associated with Patrick (missionary and bishop of Ireland, 5th c., S01962), based in part on the honour due to (its relics of) Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Paul (the Apostle, S00008), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), as well as a relic of the blood of Christ. An addendum delineates the relationship between the churches in Ireland of Patrick and those of Brigit (abbess of Kildare, ob. c. 525, S01885). Written in Latin at Armagh, perhaps as early as c. 640/60.
E06980	The Greek Life of Isaakios (late 4th c. abbot in Constantinople, ob. 383, S02118) recounts the struggles of the anchorite Isaakios who attempted to convert the emperor Valens to orthodoxy, and founded the first monastery of Constantinople under Theodosius I. He died on 26 May 383, and his body was buried by the altar of the shrine (martyrion) of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Isaakios’ monastery. Written in Constantinople in the late 5th century, or later.
E06989	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the graves of the martyrs around Rome, lists those on the via Ostiensis, south-west of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E06993	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the graves of the martyrs around Rome, lists those on the via Latina, south-east of the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E07001	The De Locis Sanctis, a guide to the martyrs' burials around Rome, is followed by an Appendix listing 21 churches dedicated to saints within the Aurelianic walls of Rome. Written in Latin in Rome, certainly after 625 and before 790, possibly in 642/683.
E07048	Coptic fragments from the Martyrdom of *Stephen (the First martyr, S00030) of unknown Egyptian provenance and date. Skeleton entry
E07132	Coptic fragment of a Homily on *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) from the White Monastery near Sohag (Upper Egypt), seemingly referring to a healing miracle taking place at the holy topos of the saint. Skeleton entry
E07165	Latin poem by Pope Damasus, for an inscription commemorating *Tarsicius (deacon and martyr of Rome, companion martyr of Pope Stephen, S00205) at his tomb in the cemetery of Callixtus, on the via Appia outside Rome. Written in Rome 366/384.
E07176	The Miracles of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) at the Monastery of Choziba, by Antonios of Choziba, includes a reference to the healing miracles that occur at the tomb of the first five holy monks of the monastery, Promos, Elias, Gannaios, Aian, and Zenon (monks of Choziba, S02757). The tomb also produced a miraculous flow of healing oil. Written in Greek at the monastery of Choziba (Palestine), between 614 and 628.
E07371	Latin mosaic roundels from Carthage (central North Africa), with the names of seven martyrs: Speratus (probably one of the Scillitan martyrs, S00913); Stephen (The First Martyr, S00030); Sirica (otherwise unknown martyr of Africa, S02764); Saturus and Saturninus, and probably Perpetua and Felicitas (all compnion martyrs of Carthage, S00009). Probably 6th/7th c.
E07483	Latin inscription commemorating Maxima and Donatilla, and Secunda (virgins and martyrs of Thuburbo, 01812), and probably Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found at Testour, possibly from Tichilla (Proconsularis, central North Africa), 6th/7th c.
E07509	Fragmentary Latin inscription with the name of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably recording the deposition of relics of the saint. Found at Thabbora (Proconsularis, central North Africa). 5th/7th c.
E07570	Caesarius, bishop of Arles, in his Sermons 219 and 220, celebrates the feast of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00020). Written in Latin at Arles (southern Gaul), 503/542.
E07606	Avitus, priest from Braga (north-west Spain) sojourning in Jerusalem, translates into Latin ('Recension A') the account in Greek (now lost), by Lucianus of Caphargamala, of the discovery at Caphargamala (near Jerusalem) of the relics of Stephen (the First martyr, S00030) and his three companions, Gamaliel (Jewish lawyer and teacher of Paul, E02454) and his son Abibas, and *Nicodemus (the Pharisee S01788). Written in Palestine, in 416. Full text, and full English translation.
E07616	The Latin Acts of *Aunemund (bishop and martyr of Lyon, ob. 660/664, S00731) record the saint's life, martyrdom and posthumous miracles. Written in Gaul, perhaps at Lyon, possibly in the 7th c., with 9th c. (or later) adaptations.
E07748	List of relics and diptych from the monastery of the Holy Apostles (S02422) and Martyrs (S02818) at Arles (southern Gaul), giving the names of saints whose relics were deposited in the monastery and the people for whom prayers were to be offered in the liturgy. The list contains the names of all the Apostles, as well as Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), John the Baptist (S00020), and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), together with four Gallic martyrs, Genesius (martyr of Arles, S00263), Symphorianus (martyr of Autun, S00322), Baudilius (martyr of Nîmes, S00383), and Victor (martyr of Marseille, S00382), and three Gallic bishops, Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367, S00183), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050), and Caesarius (bishop of Arles, ob. 542, S00491). Written in Latin at Arles, in 600/650.
E07844	Venantius Fortunatus, in a poetic epitaph (4.26) for a young woman named Vilithuta (Poem 4.26), depicts patriarchs, apostles, and celebrated virginal saints taking part in the judgement of sinners after death, mentioning Elijah (Old Testament prophet, S00217), Enoch (Old Testament Patriarch, S00762), Peter (the Apostle, S00036), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Mary (the Mother of Christ, S00033), Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), and Agatha (virgin and martyr of Catania, S00794). Written in Latin in Gaul, 565/576.
E07857	The Greek Life of Eusebia/Xene (ascetic in Mylasa, ob. 5th c., S00519) recounts the life and miraculous death of a noble woman from Rome who founded a nunnery at a chapel of Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in Mylasa (Caria, western Asia Minor). It mentions a monastery of Andrew (the Apostle, S00288) in the same city, and a shrine and feast of Ephraim (bishop of Mylasa, S02842) at the neighbouring village of Leuke. Written in Mylasa in the late fifth century.
E07864	Anonymous Latin translation ('Recension B') of the account in Greek (now lost), by Lucianus of Caphargamala, of the discovery at Caphargamala (near Jerusalem) of the relics of Stephen (the First martyr, S00030) and his three companions, Gamaliel (Jewish lawyer and teacher of Paul, E02454) and his son Abibas, and *Nicodemus (the Pharisee S01788), written, probably not long after the discovery of the relics in late 415, and perhaps in Jerusalem. Full text, and full English translation
E07897	The Itinerarium Malmesburiense, a guide to saints' graves around and within Rome, lists those buried inside the city. Written in Latin in Rome, 642/683.
E07921	Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, in his list of holy sites at Jerusalem, notes the church of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) built by the empress Eudocia at the place where he was stoned. Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E07942	The Breviarius, a brief guide to the holy places of Jerusalem, which survives in two distinct versions, mentions a number of buildings and relics associated with saints and Old Testament figures. Written in Latin, presumably in Jerusalem, perhaps (in its two surviving states) around AD 500.
E07985	The Paschal Chronicle records that in 612 Epiphania Eudocia, the daughter of the emperor Heraclius, was crowned in an oratory of *Stephen (the first martyr, S00030) in the palace at Constantinople. Written in Greek at Constantinople, c. 630.
E08009	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 5920) describes how in 427/428 the right hand of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) was brought to Constantinople, and how the emperor's sister Pulcheria had a vision of Stephen, and founded a church dedicated to him. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08040	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6102) states that the emperor Heraclius was crowned in the chapel of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) in the palace at Constantinople in 610. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08041	The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6104) states that Epiphaneia, the daughter of Heraclius, was crowned in the chapel of *Stephen (the first martyr, S00030) at the palace in Constantinople in 612. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08160	Latin inscription with reference to relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); also a second fragmentary inscription with reference to a martyr or martyrs. Both found in the episcopal complex of Bulla Regia (Proconsularis, central North Africa), 5th/7th c.
E08222	The Gothic Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710. Overview entry.
E08223	The Gothic Missal includes prayers for the celebration of mass on the feast day of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08236	The Gothic Missal includes prayers to be performed on rogation (fasting) days at churches dedicated to various named saints. Written in Latin in Gaul, perhaps at Luxeuil for the Christian community of Autun, c. 680/710.
E08283	The anonymous author of the Theodoriciana (the so-called Anonymus Valesianus pars posterior) tells of the destruction of the oratory of *Stephen the First Martyr in the suburbs of Verona. Written in Latin probably in Ravenna (northern Italy) in the mid-6th century.
E08295	Victor of Vita, in his History of the Vandal Persecution (Book 3), recounts the suffering of African *Martyrs and Confessors, victims of the 484 persecution edict of the Vandal king Huneric (S03009). Written in Latin, probably in Carthage, 484/489.
E08315	35 relic labels at Sens (northern Gaul), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of a great diversity of saints. Written in Latin, perhaps at Sens, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.
E08323	The Hibernensis canon law collection's 48th book, 'On Martyrs,' quotes a number of unidentified sayings and precedents concerning martyrs, the translation of their relics, and their powers after death, including some falsely attributed to patristic authorities. Compiled in Latin in Ireland and/or Iona (north-west Britain), c. 690/748.
E08335	The Bobbio Missal compiles liturgical texts for the celebration of saints' feasts throughout the year. Written in Latin in south-east Gaul, perhaps at or near Vienne, c. 675/725.
E08355	The Latin Life of Hilary of Arles describes how the funeral of Hilary (bishop of Arles, ob. 449, S00435) took place in the basilicas of Stephen (the first martyr, S00030) and *Genesius (notary and martyr of Arles, S00263) at Arles (southern Gaul), and how the people of Arles sought to obtain relics from his body. Written in southern Gaul, possibly at Marseille, c. 470/490.
E08395	A summary of two charters records grants of property to rural churches in the territory of Viviers (southern Gaul): one by a bishop of the early 6th c. to a church of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and to a church of Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050); another by a bishop of the 7th c. to a church of Stephen (which he had built), and to one of Laurence (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037). Summaries written in Latin in Viviers, probably in the 8th c.
E08404	An authentic Merovingian royal diploma in the name of Sigibert III, king of the Franks, records that the king had previously granted the villa of Trébosc (south-west Gaul) property to the cathedral dedicated to Peter (the Apostle, S00036) at Cologne and that dedicated to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at Metz (both north-east Gaul). Written in Latin in Gaul, 640/7.
E08405	A substantially authentic Merovingian royal diploma in the name of Childeric II, king of the Franks, records a grant of immunities to the cathedral of Mary (mother of Christ, S00033) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030) at Speyer (eastern Gaul). Written in Latin in Gaul, 662/75.
E08406	A charter issued by Wademer and his wife Ercamberta grants properties to churches dedicated to diverse saints in Paris and elsewhere in northern Gaul, including one dedicated to *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050) at Précy, where they wish to be buried. Written in Latin, probably at Chambly (northern Gaul), 690/91.
E08408	The will of Ermentrude/Erminethrudis outlines the arrangements for numerous bequests of possessions, properties and slaves; among the beneficiaries are churches dedicated to various saints in or near Paris (northern Gaul). Written in Latin at Paris, 6th or 7th c, perhaps c. 630, or after c. 650.
E08420	A fragmentary papyrus document from Ravenna (north-east Italy) includes among its subscribers two witnesses connected to (and/or living near) a foundation dedicated to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and a foundation dedicated to Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097) respectively. Written in Latin in Ravenna, 575/91.
E08421	A fragmentary papyrus document from Ravenna (north-east Italy) records a grant to a church at Nepi (central Italy) dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), and refers to monastic dedications to Elijah/Elias (probably the Old Testament prophet, S00217) and (at the same or a separate monastery?) *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin, at Nepi or Rome, in or after June 557.
E08425	A charter, possibly authentic in its essentials, issued in the name of Bishop Palladius of Auxerre (central Gaul) records the bishop's foundation of a female monastery in the city's suburbs, with basilicas dedicated to Mary (mother of Christ, S00033), Andrew (the Apostle, S00288), Julian (martyr of Brioude, S00035), and oratories dedicated to Ferreolus (martyr of Besançon, S00348) and Martin (bishop and ascetic of Tours, ob. 397, S00050); it further outlines lighting provisions for this monastery and the episcopal church dedicated to Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin in Gaul, possibly at Auxerre, 634 or 637.
E08427	A charter issued by Aquilinus, bishop of Narbonne (south-west Gaul) records his gift of properties to the monastery at Asán (north-east Hispania) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050) and Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Written in Latin, perhaps at Narbonne, 22 February 576.
E08428	A charter/royal diploma issued by Reccared, king of the Visigoths, records his gift of fiscal properties to the monastery at Asán (north-east Hispania) dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul (S00036 and S00008), Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), Vincent (deacon and martyr of Zaragoza and Valencia, S00290), Eulalia (virgin and martyr of Mérida, S00407), and Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050). Written in Latin at Toledo (central Hispania), 13 December 586.
E08440	The Miracles of Kosmas and Damianos (Deubner 12) recount how *Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) in their church in Constantinople healed a woman named Martha from a cranial disease and protected her from demonic possession. Written in Greek in Constantinople; assembled as a collection by the end of the 6th century.

The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity

from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world

Stephen, the First Martyr

S00030

BHL 7848-7895, BHG 1649-1649h

36

40

Male

Other New Testament saints, Martyrs, Lesser clergy