The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 1 January.
Evidence ID
E05071
Type of Evidence
Liturgical texts - Calendars and martyrologies
Major author/Major anonymous work
Martyrologium Hieronymianum
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum is preserved in a number of early manuscripts which share much in common, but also diverge, making it impossible to reconstruct from them a single authoritative text. Below, we therefore offer separate English translations of each important early manuscript. By clicking 'Latin Text' (above), you can view these different versions in their original Latin, set side-by-side for ease of comparison, with also the editions and interpretations of the text suggested by the scholars Quentin and Delehaye. For a full discussion of the Martyrologium, click 'Discussion/Bibliography.'
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum commemorates on 1 January the following feasts:
The Circumcision of the Lord Jesus Christ,
*Stephen, the First Martyr, (S00030),
*Hermes and Gaius/Gagus, martyrs of Bononia, (S00824),
Possibly *Narcissus, Argeus, and Marcellinus, brothers or slaves, martyrs of Tomis or Rome, (S02737),
*Alamachius, martyr of Rome, (S02043),
The burial of *Severus, bishop of Ravenna, (S01884),
The burial of *Agrippinus, bishop of Autun, 6th cent., (S02887),
*Other saints, on 1 January in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Nicomedia, Bononia, Africa, and Rome (S02888).
BnF 10837
'On the Kalends of January, the circumcision of the Lord; the feast of Corona, who at the order of Asclepius prefect of the city, when he said that today is the octaves of the God of heaven and that they should cease from the superstitious worship of idols and from the pollution of sacrifice, because of this was killed by gladiators.
In the East, [the feast of] Stefanus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] bishop Eufrosinus, Prianus, and 9 others.
In Retia, [the feast of] Evantus, Hermes.
In Bononia, [the feast of] Gaius, Iactus, Heraclus.
In Africa, [the feast of] Victor, Felix, Narcissus, Argirus, and 4 others, Papa, Primianus, Saturninus, again Saturninus, Victor, Honoratus, Leusus, Hermes, and 30 soldiers.
In Ravenna, the burial of the holy Severus with his brothers.
In Autun, the burial of bishop Agrippinus.'
Bern 289:
'On the Kalends of January, the prayers to be observed, the circumcision of Our Lord Jesus Christ, in the flesh.
In the East, [the feast of] Stephanus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] bishop Eofrosinus, Primianus, and nine others.
In Ricia, [the feast of] Euantus, Hermes.
In Bononia, [the feast of] Gagus, Actus, Eraclus.
In Africa, [the feast of] Victor, Felix, Narcissus, Arcirus, and four others, Papas, Primianus, Saturninus, again Saturninus, Victor, Honoratus, Leusus, Hermes.
In Rome, on the via Appia, [the feast of] Corona and thirty soldiers, and Martinus the martyr.
In Ravenna, the burial of the holy Severus, confessor.
In Autun, the burial of the blessed bishop Agrippinus.'
Weissenburg 81:
'On the Kalends of January, the circumcision of Our Lord Jesus Christ, in the flesh.
In the East, [the feast of] Stefanus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] bishop Eufrosinus, Primianus, and 9 others.
In Ricia, [the feast of] Evantus, Ermes.
In Bononia, [the feast of] Gagus, Appus, Eraclus.
In Africa, [the feast of] Victor, Felix, Narciscus, Argirus, and 4 others, Papas, Primianus, Saturninus, again Saturninus, Victor, Honoratus, Leusus, Ermes.
In Rome, on the via Appia, [the feast of] Corona and 30 soldiers.
In Ravenna, the burial of the holy Severus, confessor.
In Autun, the burial of the blessed bishop Agripinus.'
BAV 238:
'On the Kalends of January, the prayers to be observed, the circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the flesh.
In the East, [the feast of] Stefanus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] bishop Eufrosinus, Primianus and 9 others.
In Retia, [the feast of] Eventus, Ermes.
in Bononia, [the feast of] Gagus, [.....].raclus.
In Africa, [the feast of] Victor, Felix, Narcissus, Argirus, and another 4, of Papas, Primianus, Saturninus, again Saturninus, Victor, Honoratus, Leusus, Hermes.
In Rome, on the via Appia, [the feast of] Corona and 30 soldiers. The feast of Alamachus, who at the order of Alypius prefect of the city, when he said that today is the octaves of the God of heaven and that they should cease from the superstitious worship of idols and from the pollution of sacrifice, because of this was killed by gladiators.
In Ravenna, the burial of the holy Severus, confessor.
In Autun, the burial of the blessed bishop Agrippinus.'
Quentin follows the early manuscripts closely.
Delehaye suggests a number of emendations, particularly regarding the entry for Rome.
Translation and comments: M. Vukovic.
Festivals
Saint’s feast
Source
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum ('Martyrology of Jerome'), is the oldest extensive martyrology of the Latin West, listing the feast days of the saints for the entire calendar year, generally also specifying where their feasts are held (which is normally their place of burial). It derives its name from prefatory letters copied at the start of the martyrology, which attribute the text to the Church Father, Jerome of Stridon (ob. 420). These letters are present in all the earliest manuscripts, but it is uncertain when they were first attached to the text. The Hieronymianum is the primary source of all later martyrologies of the Latin world.It is universally accepted that the attribution to Jerome, intended to give the text greater authority, is false, and the predominant scholarly view is that the first version of the martyrology was compiled in northern Italy during the 5th century (probably in Aquileia), though no manuscript of this Aquileian redaction has survived. The text was then evidently revised and added to in Gaul, probably in Burgundy, around AD 600. The north Italian origin of the text, and its Gallic revision, are deduced from the presence in the martyrology of saints from northern Italy, and then of saints from Frankish Gaul. This Gallic version (sometimes referred to as the recensio gallica), just like its north Italian predecessor, does not survive in its original form in any manuscript (Lifshitz 2006, 14).
At some point in the 7th century, and no later than the early 8th, the Martyrologium reached Northumbria (in northern Britain), where it underwent some further revision and additions (Lapidge 2005, 45-46). From Northumbria, the text returned to the continent in the 8th century, and it is here that the earliest surviving manuscript copies were made, as listed below (Lapidge 2005, 73).
Some of the sources that were used by the compilers of the Martyrologium in northern Italy, and subsequently in Gaul, can be identified: the so-called Chronography of 354, a mid-4th-century list from Rome of saintly commemorations, primarily of local martyrs (E010151 and E01052); a lost Greek martyrology compiled at Nicomedia around 360 (drawn basically from Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History and Martyrs of Palestine), which was also a prime source for the Syriac Martyrology of 411 (E00465); the African Calendar of Carthage of 505/535 (E02195 - E02205); and early local calendars from Aquileia and Auxerre (Lifshitz 2006, 20).
The four earliest manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum (three of them complete, one a fragment), on which all editions, including our own, are based, are all from eastern Francia and were copied in the eighth and early ninth centuries. They are as follows:
Ms Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), lat. 10837
Written in the abbey of Echternach (in present-day Luxembourg) by a single scribe, Laurentius, between 703 and 710 (Lifshitz 2006, 32). The Catalogue of the BnF, which publishes BnF lat. 10837 on-line, also provides brief information about the dating: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6001113z/f22.image (click Information). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 2r-32v.
Ms Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Weissenburg 81
From the abbey of Weissenburg in Alsace. Dated to around 800 by the Wolfenbüttel on-line catalogue: http://diglib.hab.de/?db=mss&list=ms&id=81-weiss&lang=en. Lifshitz argues that the manuscript dates from around 772, and was written in the Carolingian royal sphere, in or around Maastrict (Lifshitz 2006, 4). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 7r-103r.
Ms Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Bongars 289
From the abbey of Saint-Avold, near Metz. De Rossi and Duchesne, in the introduction to their edition, argue that Bern 289 must have been written after 766. The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 53v-129v. This manuscript is not yet available on line, but we have been able to check it through a microfilm.
Ms Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 238
From the abbey of Lorsch, near Worms. The manuscript contains only a fragment (five pages) of the Hieronymianum, covering 25 December to 3 January, and 27 January to 31 January, written in Lorsch in the first half of the 9th century: http://bibliotheca-laureshamensis-digital.de/bav/bav_pal_lat_238). The fragment is at fol. 74-75, 1-2.
The standard edition of 1894, by G. B. de Rossi and L. Duchesne, published these four manuscripts in parallel columns. In 1931, H. Quentin produced a new edition, with a commentary by H. Delehaye, which attempted to collate the different manuscript readings into a single text.
Even though all the early manuscripts are believed to descend from the same redaction, they are by no means identical. In particular, BnF lat. 10837, the earliest of all, often contains a text which differs markedly from Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81, which are much closer to each other. Because the text varies between manuscripts, in content as well as spelling, it is now universally agreed that it will never be possible to create an 'authoritative' single text of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum. De Rossi and Duchesne in 1894, facing the same problem, decided to print for each day of the year the text of all four early manuscripts, in four columns, and we have followed their lead. Our edition is essentially based on their edition, though we have checked their readings against the manuscripts, and corrected or removed some letters, words, diacritical marks, and comments introduced by the editors that do not exist in the manuscripts. We have then added three more columns: for Quentin’s text for the feast day, which sometimes comes in one version, sometimes in two, and for Delehaye’s reconstruction of much of the text, drawn from his Commentary. Delehaye's erudition was, and remains, unmatched, and we have leaned heavily on his commentary (which is in Latin), but it should be noted that his reconstructed text often departs markedly from the manuscripts. Using his extraordinary knowledge of the saints and their hagiography, he felt able to combine different parts of the Hieronymianum's text, and to correct garbled versions of names, to produce a more coherent 'original'. We consider each of his principal suggestions in our Discussion (below), and attempt a judgment as to how plausible they are. In Delehaye's extensive notes there are also other, more tentative, suggestions, which we have not discussed systematically.
The reason the Martyrologium Hieronymianum is such a difficult text is because it consists primarily of long lists of names (with no punctuation and no consistency in the use of capital letters), which were often unfamiliar to copyists and so easily garbled. Generally, we cannot get behind these garbled variants, but occasionally we can, allowing us to shed light on how the text evolved into its current, often confused, state. For instance, an entry for 9 March (E04711) probably originally read something like 'In Armenia minore Sebastia milit(um) XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, at Sebasteia, [the feast of] the Forty Soldiers' - in other words a commemoration of the 'Forty Martyrs of Sebaste' (S00103), prominent saints in the East, but less well-known in the Latin West. In one of our manuscripts (Weissenburg 81) this has become 'In arminia minore sabastiani et milia XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, [the feast of] Sebastianus and the forty-thousand'; somewhere in the process of transmission, the city of Sebasteia has become the martyr Sebastianus, and the 'soldiers' (militum) have become 'thousands' (milia).
Discussion
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum's entries for 1 January are some of the most confusing and difficult of the entire work.All four early manuscripts open with the feast of Jesus' circumcision.
BnF 10837 alone then continues with the feast of a certain Corona, with a summary of her martyrdom at the hand of gladiators, after she rejected the pagan gods; reference to the presiding judge, Asclepius, as 'prefect of the city' sets the martyrdom securely in Rome. Corona is recorded somewhat further on in the other three early manuscripts of the Hieronymianum, and is discussed there.
All four manuscripts then mention commemoration of Stephen 'in the East'. This is presumably *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), though why he should be commemorated so soon after his principal feast, on 26 December, is unclear.
The saints commemorated in Nicomedia, Eufrosinus/Eofrosinus and Prianus/Primianus, are not readily identified.
Delehaye argues that the next location mentioned, Retia/Ricia - where two saints, Hermes/Ermes and Evantus/Euantus are commemorated - is not the province of Raetia, as one might suppose, but the town of Ratiaria on the lower Danube. This is almost certainly correct, because Hermes is explicitly mentioned in the Hieronymianum as commemorated in Ratiaria on the preceding day, 31 December (E05070). He is *Hermes, martyr of Bononia (S00824), the neighbouring city to Ratiaria, whose cult is first documented in the Syriac Martyrology (E01399), on 30 December, and who appears again in the Hieronymianum on 4 January (E04584). His companion, Evantus/Euvantus, however, is otherwise unknown.
The next commemoration mentioned is in Bononia, the neighbouring lower Danube city to Ratiaria, where three saints are mentioned: Gaius/Gagus, Iactus/Actus/Appus, and Heraclus/Eraclus. The latter two are otherwise unknown, but Gaius/Gagus appears, associated with Hermes of Bononia (S00824), on two further days in the Hieronymianum: 31 December (E05070) and 4 January (E04584), on both days again in Bononia.
The saints commemorated in Africa on this date, Victor, Felix, Narcissus/Narciscus, Argirus/Arcirus, Papa/Papas, Primianus, Saturninus, Saturninus, Victor, Honoratus, Leusus, Hermes, Victor, Honoratus, Leusus, and Hermes/Ermes, are otherwise unknown, except perhaps Narcissus/Narciscus and Argirus/Arcirus, for whom see the next paragraph.
All the manuscripts, except BnF 10837 note commemoration at Rome, specifically on the via Appia, of Corona and thirty soldiers. She is presumably the same Corona as the one mentioned earlier by BnF 10837 (though her thirty companion soldiers are not mentioned there). Delehaye, however, argues that 'Romae uia appia coronae et milites XXX', 'At Rome, on the via Appia, [the feast of] Corona and 30 soldiers' is in fact a corruption of 'Romae, via Appia, Corano ⟨territorio⟩, miliario XXX', 'At Rome, on the via Appia, in [the territory of] Cora, at the 30th milestone', and he links Narcissus and Argirus, listed above amongst the martyrs of Africa, with this location. This initially seems far-fetched, but Delehaye's reconstructed text is based on a passage which he found in the Martyrdom of Marcianus (BHL 5265b), telling of the death of one Protogenis 'with his slaves Narcissus and Argeus and Marcellinus ... at the estate called Supplicianum in the territory of Cora at the 30th milestone from the city, where today their bodies rest (in fundum Supplicianum territorio corae miliario XXXmo ab urbe ubi hodie corpora eorum requiescunt)'. Cora (present-day Cori) is off the via Appia, around thirty Roman miles south of Rome. These multiple coincidences of names, numbers and topography, and the readiness with which milites (soldiers) could be confused with miliaria (milestones), particularly if originally abbreviated, lend support to Delehaye's reconstructed text.
Immediately after this account of martyrs at Cora (or perhaps of Corona and the thirty soldiers), Bern 289 adds a martyr called Martinus. He is not identifiable.
BAV 238 alone then tells in brief summary, attached to his feast, the story of a certain *Alamachius (martyr of Rome, S02043), martyred at the hand of gladiators after rejecting worship of the gods, under a prefect of the city called Alypius. The story is identical to that told higher up by BnF 10837, though there the story is attached to the probably mis-imagined Corona and the prefect is called Asclepius. Alamachius is deeply obscure, though Bede was happy to include him in his Martyrology on 1 January, quoting the summary story of his death given in the Hieronymianum word for word (E05405). Delehaye (in Analecta Bollandiana 33 [1914], 421-428) argues that he could be the same saint as a monk Telemachos, who, according to Theodoret of Cyrrhus' Ecclesiastical History V.26, was killed in the reign of Honorius when he tried to stop a gladiatorial contest in Rome. Delehaye's argument is based on the similarity of the names Telemachus and Alamachius and the fact that both martyrs were said to have been killed by gladiators; otherwise the two stories do not match, so the equation of these two martyrs is very uncertain.
Further, all the early manuscripts of the Hieronymianum record on 1 January the burial of *Severus, (bishop of Ravenna, earlier 4th c., S01884) in Ravenna. Also, all the early manuscripts record the burial of *Agrippinus, (bishop of Autun, 6th cent., S02887).
All unidentified saints are listed by us among *Other saints, on 1 January in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Nicomedia, Bononia, Africa, and Rome (S02888).
Bibliography
Editions:De Rossi, G. B., and Duchesne, L., Martyrologium Hieronymianum ad finem codicum adiectis prolegomenis. Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.1 (Brussels, 1894).
Quentin, H. and Delehaye, H., Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.2 (Brussels, 1931).
On the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Duchesne, L., "A propos du martyrologe hiéronymien," Analecta Bollandiana 17 (1898), 421-447.
Lapidge, M., The Roman Martyrs. Introduction, Translations, and Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).
Lapidge, M., "Acca of Hexham and the Origin of the Old English Martyrology," Analecta Bollandiana 123 (2005), 29-78.
Lifshitz, F., The Name of the Saint. The Martyrology of Jerome and Access to the Sacred in Francia, 627-827 (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006).
Ó Riain, P., "A Northumbrian Phase in the Formation of the Hieronymian Martyrology. The Evidence of the Martyrology of Tallaght," Analecta Bollandiana 120 (2002), 311-363.
On the manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Butzmann, H., Die Weissenburger Handschriften (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1964), 242-243.
Muller, J. C., "Trois manuscrits liturgiques de l'abbaye d'Echternach à Paris," in Abteistadt Echternach, éd. P. Schritz, A. Hoffmann (Luxembourg, 1981), 202-206.
Ó Cróinín, D., "Rath Melsigi, Willibrord, and the Earliest Echternach Manuscripts," Peritia 3 (1984), 17-49.
Libaert, P., "Notice sur 43 manuscrits d'Echternach conservés à la bibliothèque nationale de Paris," Hémecht 1 (1985), 53-73.
McKitterick, R., Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, Sixth-Ninth Centuries (Aldershot: Variorum, 1994).
On saints and calendars:
Delehaye, H. "Saint Almachius ou Télémaque", Analecta Bollandiana 33 (1914), 421-428.
Farmer, D. H., Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978).
Nilles, N., Kalendarium Manuale utriusque Ecclesiae Orientalis et Occidentalis I-II (Farnborough: Gregg International Publishers Ltd, 1971).
Watkins, B., The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015).
Datum Table
| BnF 10837 | Bern 289 | Weissenburg 81 | BAV 238 | Other Mss | Quentin | Quentin | Delehaye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kl iañ circūcisio dñi nt̃ coronae qui iubente asclepio urbis praefec̃ cum diceret hodie octaviae dĩ caeli sunt cessate a superstitionib: idolorum et sacrificis pullutis ã gladiatoribus hac de causa occisus est. | KL. IAN. LAETANIAS INDICENDAS CIRCISIO DNI NRI IHU XPI SECD CARNĒ | KL ianuarias. circumcisio dñi nr̃i ihū Xp̃i secundum carnem | Kl. Ianuarias Laetanias indicendas Circumcisio dñi nr̃i ihū Xp̃i sec̃ carnem | KAL. IAN. Laetanias indicendas. Circumcisio Domini nostri Ihesu Christi secundum carnem Natale Coronae qui iubente Asclepio Urbis praefecto cum diceret hodie octaviae Dei caeli sunt cessate a superstitionibus idolorum et sacrificiis pollutis a gladiatoribus hac de causa occisus est. | KAL. IAN. Laetanias indicendas.Circumcisio Domini nostri Ihesu Christi secundum carnem | ---------------- | |
| In oriente stefani | In oriente. stephani. | in oriente stefani | In Oriente Stephani | In Oriente Stefani. | In Oriente Stefani. | ---------------- | |
| nicomẽd. eufrosini ep̃i priani et aliorū VIIII. | Nicomedia. eofrosini. ep̃i. primiani. et aliorum nouem ∵ | nicomedia. eufrosini ep̃i primiani et aliorum UIIII. | Nicomediae Eufrosini ep̃i Primiani et aliorũ VIIII | Nicomedia Eufrosini episcopi Primiani et aliorum VIIII. | Nicomedia Eufrosini episcopi Primiani et aliorum VIIII. | --------------- | |
| In retia evanti hermetis | In ricia. euanti. hermetis. | In ricia evanti. ermetis. | in retia Eventi ermetis | in Retia Evanti Hermetis. | in Retia Evanti Hermetis. | in Retiaria Hermetis. | |
| in bononia gai iacti heracli. | In bononia. gagi. Acti. eracli. | In bononia. gagi. appi. eracli. | in bononia Gagi [.....]racli | in Bononia Gai Acti Heracli. | in Bononia Gai Acti Heracli. | Bononia Gaii. | |
| In affrĩ victoris felicis narcissi argiri et aliorū IIII. papa primiani saturnini It̃ saturnini victoris honorati leusi hermetis et milit̃ XXX. | In africa. uictoris. felicis. Narcissi. Arciri. et aliorū quattuor. papatis. primiani. saturnini. Itē saturnini. uictoris. honorati. leusi. hermetis. | In affrica uictoris felicis narcisci. argiri et aliorum. IIII. Papatis primiani saturnini. Item saturnini. uictoris. honorati. leusi. ermetis. | in Africa Victoris Felicis Narcissi Argiri Et aliorū IIII Papatis Primiani Saturnini itẽ saturnini Victoris Honorati Leusi Hermetis | in Africa Victoris Felicis Narcissi Argiri et aliorum IIII Papa Primiani Saturnini item Saturnini Victoris Honorati Leusi Hermetis. | in Africa Victoris Felicis Narcissi Argiri et aliorum IIII Papa Primiani Saturnini item Saturnini Victoris Honorati Leusi Hermetis. | ---------------- | |
| ---------------- | Rom̄. uia appia coronae. et milites triginta. et martini. martyris. | Romae uia appia. coronae. et milites. XXX. | Rom̄ via appia coronae et milites XXX Nāt alamachi qui iubente alypio urbis p̃fecto cū diceret hodie octabas dominicae diei s̃ cessate a sup̱stitionib: idolorū et sacrificiis pollutis a gladiatorib; hac de causa occisus est | Romae via Appia Coronae et milites XXX. | Romae via Appia Coronae et milites XXX. Natale Alamachi qui iubente Alypio urbis praefecto cum diceret hodie octavas dominicae diei sunt cessate a superstitionibus idolorum et sacrificiis pollutis a gladiatoribus hac de causa occisus est. | Romae, via Appia, miliario XXX, Corano 〈territorio〉 Narcissi, Argei 〈et Marcellini〉. 〈item Romae〉 natale Almachii qui, iubente Alypio Urbis praefecto, cum diceret: Hodie octavae dominicae diei sunt, cessate a superstitionibus idolorum et sacrificiis pollutis, a gladiatoribus hac de causa occisus est. | |
| Raveñ depos̃ sc̃i severi cum ffb: suis. | Rauenna deposit̃ sc̃i seueri. conf̃ | Rauenna. depositio sc̃i seueri coñf. | Ravenna dep̃ sc̃i severi cõf | Ravenna depositio sancti Severi confessoris. | Ravenna depositio sancti Severi confessoris. | Ravenna depositio sancti Severi confessoris. | |
| augustoduno depos̃ agrippini ep̃i | Agustiduno. dep̃ beati agrippini ep̃i ∵ | Agustiduno depõsi beati agripini ep̃i. | Agustiduno dep̃ beati agrippini ep̃i | Agustoduno depositio beati Agrippini episcopi. | Agustoduno depositio beati Agrippini episcopi. | Augustoduno depositio beati Agrippini episcopi. |
Record Created By
Marijana Vukovic, Bryan Ward-Perkins
Date of Entry
22/02/2021
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00030 | Stephen, the First Martyr | Stefanus/Stephanus | Certain | S00824 | Hermes, exorcist, and Gaius/Gagus, martyrs of Bononia and Ratiaria | Hermes/Ermes; Gaius/Gagus | Certain | S01884 | Severus, bishop of Ravenna, earlier 4th c. | Severus | Certain | S02043 | Alamachius, martyr of Rome | Alamachus | Certain | S02737 | Narcissus, Argeus, and Marcellinus, brothers or slaves, martyrs of Tomis or Rome. | Narcissus/Narciscus; Argirus/Arcirus | Uncertain | S02887 | Agrippinus, bishop of Autun, earlier 6th cent. | Agrippinus/Agripinus | Certain | S02888 | Other saints, on 1 January in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Nicomedia, Bononia, Africa, and Rome | Eufrosinus/Eofrosinus; Prianus/Primianus; Evantus/Euantus/Eventus; Iactus/Actus/Appus; Heraclus/Eraclus; Victor; Felix; Papa/Papas; Primianus; Saturninus; Saturninus; Victor; Honoratus; Leusus; Hermes; Victor; Honoratus; Leusus; Hermes/Ermes; Martinus | Certain |
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