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The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity


from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world


Name

Sergios, soldier and martyr of Rusafa

Saint ID

S00023

Number in BH

BHG 1624

Reported Death Not Before

303

Reported Death Not After

311

Gender
Male
Type of Saint
Martyrs, Soldiers
Related Evidence Records
IDTitle
E00025Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (5.1.7-8 and 5.13.1-7), describes how in 590 the deposed Persian king Khosrau II vowed to dedicate a precious cross to the shrine of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria) if the saint assisted him to regain his throne. He fulfilled his vow in 591. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00028Evagrius, in his Ecclesiastical History (6.21), reports that in 591 the deposed Persian king Khosrau II dedicated precious offerings to the shrine of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria), in thanksgiving for regaining his throne and for having a child. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 593/594.
E00030Theophylact Simocatta, in his History (5.14), describes how in 593/4, the Persian king Khosrau II vowed to send offerings to the shrine of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria) if he had a child with his Christian wife. After the birth of his son, the king sent offerings accompanied by a letter. Written in Greek at Constantinople in the early 7th century.
E00083The Syriac Chronicle of Edessa records that in September 503 the Persian army headed by Kavadh I destroyed the church of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and part of the 'church of the Confessors' in Edessa (northern Syria). Record in the Chronicle of Edessa (6th c.).Written in Edessa, in second half of 6th c.
E00183Coptic child donation document of 26 May 771, certifying the gift of a male child to *Phoibammon (soldier and martyr of Assiut, S00080) at Deir el-Bahari (Upper Egypt), after having been granted healing at the saint’s shrine located within the monastery of Apa Phoibammon on the mountain of Jeme.
E00208Greek tax account from Hermopolis (Middle Egypt), mentioning a street named after *Euphemia (presumably the martyr of Chalcedon, S00017) and a street named after *Menas (soldier and martyr buried at Abu Mena, S00073), as well as another street named after a saint whose name is now lost; it also mentions an oikonomos of *Sergios (probably the soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023); datable to the 7th c.
E00367Gregory of Tours writes the Glory of the Martyrs (Liber in Gloria Martyrum), in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594. Overview entry.
E00571The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit, first to Barbalissos (on the Euphrates) with the tomb of *Bacchus/Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and then to Suras, where Bacchus and his 'brother' *Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) suffered; the pilgrim states that Sergius rests 12 miles further on, at Tetrapyrgion. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560. In the second recension of the text, Sergius is replaced by *George (soldier and martyr, S00259), whose grave is said to be at Tyre (in Phoenicia, on the coast).
E00649Gregory of Tours, in his Glory of the Martyrs (96), tells how *Sergius/Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) cures many people and receives many gifts; during his festival he rendered impossible the cooking of a stolen chicken, which had been offered as an ex-voto. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 580/594.
E00728Greek inscription on the capital of a column found near Magnesia ad Sipylum (province of Asia, western Asia Minor) with names of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Probably late antique (5th-8th c.).
E00827Greek building inscription of an oratory (eukterion) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, Syria, S00079), founded by Basilios, a bishop presumably of Mylasa (Caria, western Asia Minor). Found near Mylasa, tentatively dated to the 6th c.
E00976Greek inscription on a boundary stone of an estate belonging to a sanctuary of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found near Amaseia (Helenopontus, northern Asia Minor). 527-565.
E01014Greek painted inscriptions from a rock-cut church located to the north of the village of Göreme (ancient Matiane, Cappadocia, central Asia Minor), probably dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Probably 6th c.
E01039Greek epitaph for the master-builder or founder of a church dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Diokaisareia/Diocaesarea (Isauria, southern Asia Minor). Probably late antique.
E01211The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite recounts how in 503, after their unsuccessful siege of the city of Edessa (northern Mesopotamia), the troops of the Persian king Kavadh I destroyed the martyria-churches of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and of the 'Confessors' (*Shmona and Gurya, and *Habbib, martyrs of Edessa, S00090 and S00081) located outside the city. Written in Edessa, 506/515.
E01217The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite recounts how, after the news of the abolition of the chrysargyron tax by emperor Anastasius reached Edessa (northern Mesopotamia) in the year 498, its citizens in thanks processed to the martyrium church of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Symeon the Elder (stylite of Qal‘at Sim‘ān, ob. 459, S00343), located outside the city, where a solemn eucharist was performed. Written in Edessa, 506/515.
E01231The Syriac Chronicle of the Year 1234 records that the church dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) was built in Edessa (Mesopotamia) during the episcopate of Hiba (435-457). Written in the 13th c., but based on an earlier source.
E01326Amulets with depictions of holy riders. Probably Christian. Found at Amathous and Salamis/Constantia (Cyprus). Probably prior to the 7th c.
E01389Fragmentary Greek inscription with the names of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found in Katevati/Istron, on the coast of the Mirampelou/Mirabello Bay (Crete). Probably late antique.
E01423Floor-mosaic with a fragmentary Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found in Yukarı Söğütlü (near ancient Zeugma, Commagene). Dated 431.
E01424Floor-mosaic with a fragmentary Greek inscription, probably referring to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found in İkizkuyu, near ancient Doliche and Zeugma (Commagene). Probably 6th-7th c.
E01440Greek lintel inscription commemorating the translation of relics of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), from an old church to a new sanctuary in Rusafa, and the beginning of the rebuilding of the former shrine. Found in Rusafa (north-east Syria/Euphratesia). Dated 518.
E01460So-called Basilica A/the 'Great Basilica' in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), a major place of the cult of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), housing the relics of the saint probably since at least the last third of the 5th c. A number of important inscriptions and substantial archaeological evidence, relating to the cult of Sergios, were found at the site.
E01461Greek, Syriac, and Arabic graffiti from so-called Basilica A/the 'Great Basilica' in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), a major place of the cult of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), with invocations of Sergios, and of other saints and Old Testament figures. From the 6th c. onwards.
E01462Greek inscriptions from so-called Basilica B in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), one just possibly referring to the cult of *Leontios (martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), and one to that of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Probably 6th c.
E01485A bronze medallion with a Greek inscription mentioning a hospice for pilgrims, named after *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found in Rusafa-Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia). Probably late antique.
E01621The Syriac Letter Sent by the Abbots of Arabia to the Orthodox Bishops is subscribed on behalf of a presbyter of a martyr shrine dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in the Roman province of Arabia. Written in Arabia in 569/570.
E01650Greek building inscription for a probably monastic church, dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Eitha Caesarea/El-Hît, to the north-west of Maximianopolis/Sakkaia in the Hauran plain (the Roman province of Arabia). Almost certainly mid-6th c. (536/537 or 551/552), though once dated to the 4th c.
E01680Greek building inscription for an oratory (eukterion), dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), possibly in a fortress. Found at Salamiye (ancient Salamias, to the northeast of Ḥimṣ/Emesa, north Phoenicia Libanensis). Perhaps mid-6th-7th c.
E01685Greek dedicatory inscriptions to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and busts of: *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), and the Apostles *Peter (S00036), and *Paul (S00008), engraved on the paten and a chalice from the silver treasure of the Cleveland Museum of Art (Ohio). Provenance: a village of 'Beth Misôna' in Syria. Probably 6th c.
E01693Greek building inscription probably commemorating the construction of a martyr shrine (martyrion) dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Sīfre near Lake Gabboula, Beroia/Aleppo, and Chalkis (north Syria). Dated 527/528.
E01769Fragmentary Greek inscription with an invocation of *Sergios, (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Et-Tuweiri near Tyre (southwest Phoenicia/northwest Galilee). Probably 6th c.
E01770Bronze medallion with a depiction of an unspecified holy rider and inscription with Psalm 90/91. Reportedly found near Tyre (west Phoenicia). Probably late antique.
E01776Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions from a monastic church of *Sergios (soldier and martyr in Rusafa, S00023), at Khirbet esh-Shubeika near Tyre (north west Galilee/southwest Phoenicia), commemorating possibly the foundation, and the subsequent enlargement and restorations of the shrine. Probably the late 6th-7th to the early 9th c. (mentioned dates: 784/785, or 785/786, or 801/802).
E01797Greek building inscriptions mentioning a saint *Theodore (presumably the soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480) and *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Kefr Antīn in north Syria, near Qalat Semaan, to the northwest of Beroia/Aleppo. Dated 523.
E01805Greek building inscriptions from a church dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Dār Qīta between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Dated 537 and 567.
E01807Greek building inscription for a church dedicated to *Sergios, (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Bābisqa, between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Dated: 609/610.
E01817Greek, Syriac, and Arabic inscriptions from the door-lintel of a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Zabad (near Anasartha, to the southeast of Chalkis and Beroia/Aleppo, north Syria). Dated 511.
E01818Greek and Syriac inscriptions on the chancel screen of the church of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Zabad (near Anasartha, to the southeast of Chalkis and Beroia/Aleppo, north Syria), listing donors involved in the construction of this sanctuary, and possibly invoking Sergios. 6th c. (after 511).
E01821Bronze rod of a balance scale, inscribed with the name of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Daphne (modern Harbiye) near Antioch on the Orontes (north Syria). Probably the 6th c.
E01834Four Greek building inscriptions for metata (transit camps) named after military saints: *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, 00480), *Longinos (centurion at the Crucifixion, S00926), *George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and *Michael (the Archangel, S00181). Found in various locations in north and central Syria. One undated; three dated: 468/477, 524/525, and 526.
E01881Greek inscription on a lintel, possibly invoking *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at el-Ekhwēn near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01882Labelled relief of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033) with her Child, a possible invocation of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and a building inscription, all from a church dedicated to Mary at Rouweyḍa near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Dated 554/555.
E01889Greek inscription invoking the help of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), for lodgers of a house. Found at Rabde near Apamea on the Orontes and Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Probably the late 5th-7th c.
E01891Greek building inscription on a tower, invoking the help of the God born of *Mary (Mother of Christ S00033), and possibly referring to the intercession of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Fān eš-Shemāli near Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Dated 576/577.
E01899Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a gateway (pyle), possibly named after *Sergios, (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Sbā'/Sabbā', to the east of Apamea on the Orontes (central Syria). Dated 494/495 or 578/579.
E01927Greek inscription marking a church (oikos) of Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and invoking his help for unnamed emperors. Found at Ḥamāh/Amathe (central Syria). Probably the 6th c.
E01931Fragmentary Greek building inscription possibly for a church, perhaps dedicated to *George (soldier and martyr, S00259) or *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Garion/Ghoūr to the west of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Dated 497.
E01946Greek building inscription with a poem praising a restorer of a fort (phrourion) as a worthy namesake of the 'glorious martyr Sergios' (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Salamiye (ancient Salamias), to the northeast of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Probably 6th c.
E01947Fragmentary Greek inscription commemorating possibly the construction of a martyr shrine (martyrion). Found at Salamiye (ancient Salamias), to the northeast of Ḥimṣ/Emesa (northwest Phoenicia). Probably 5th-7th c.
E01978Floor-mosaic with a Greek building inscription for a martyr shrine (martyrion). Found in a church outside the citywalls at Dibsi Faraj/Athis/Neokaisareia (between Beroia/Aleppo and Rusafa, northeast Syria/Euphratensis). Dated 429.
E02014Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a church (naos) with porches, dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and the setting up of a lintel. Found at Jizeh, midway between Bostra and Adraha (north Arabia). Dated 590.
E02020Fragmentary Greek inscription naming a church (naos), reportedly monastic, dedicated probably to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Jizeh, midway between Bostra and Adraha (north Arabia). Probably 6th c.
E02065Greek building inscription for a church dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at the site of a former pagan shrine, with a poem praising the virtues of the saint, based on an episode from his Martyrdom, and invoking Sergios as the personal protector of the founders. Found at Izra/Zorava to the north-west of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably early 6th c.
E02073John of Ephesus, in his Ecclesiastical History (III.6), records how in the year 575, the Arab ruler al-Mundhir chose the church of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria) as a safe meeting place for conducting negotiations with the Roman commander Justinianus. Written in Syriac in Constantinople, 588/589.
E02078Greek inscription invoking the blessing for a monastery of the God of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023; S00079). Found at Deir en-Nasrani in the south-east Jabal Druze (near Damascus, north Roman province of Arabia/south Syria). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E02079Greek building inscription for a memorial (martyrion?), probably a church, completed with the help of the God of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023; S00079). Found at Umm es-Surab, to the south-east of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 489.
E02082Greek building inscription probably for a memorial shrine (memorion) of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023; S00079). Found at Ghaṣm, to the north-east of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 593/594.
E02083Fragmentary Greek inscription invoking mercy, probably of the God of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Umm es-Surab, to the south-east of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E02084Fragmentary Greek inscription on a lintel, mentioning *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, 00023). Found at Umm al-Quṭṭein, to the south-east of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late 5th or 6th c.
E02192Greek building inscription for a church (naos) dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Buṣr al-Ḥarīri (ancient Bosora?) to the north-west of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 517/518.
E02234Greek building inscription for the possible cathedral church (naos) of Bostra, dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and *Leontios (probably the martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216). Found at Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 512/513.
E02235Greek inscription from a lintel of the cathedral church at Bostra, mentioning *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found at Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably early 6th c.
E02245Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) from communal funds. Found at Rakham, to the north-west of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 517.
E02263Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (7.31), recounts how the usurper Gundovald in 584 sought relics of *Sergius/Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), to help him in battle; he learns that a Syrian merchant in Bordeaux (south-west Gaul) has a finger of Sergius, which has protected his house from fire; supporters of Gundovald seek out the relic, break it in three, and take one part. The disapproval of the saint is made evident by Gundovald's subsequent defeat and death. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 584/594.
E02419Gregory of Tours, in his Histories (10.31), recounts how he, the nineteenth bishop of Tours, sought relics of the *Theban Legion (soldiers and martyrs of Agaunum, S00339), which he had been told were in Tours; found the reliquary with their relics and the relics of other (unnamed) martyrs and confessors in the church of *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397, S00050); kept vigils and masses to honour the saints; placed some of these relics in the cathedral of Tours; placed relics of *Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) in Martin’s cell adjoining the cathedral; decorated the walls of Martin’s church; built the new baptistery there and placed in it relics of *John the Baptist (S00020) and *Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023); placed relics of *Benignus (martyr of Dijon, S00320) in the old baptistery at Martin's church; and wrote seven books of Miracles and The Life of the Fathers; all in 573-594. Written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 591/594.
E02420The Martyrdom of *Athanasios (governor of Egypt and martyr of Klysma, S01216), surviving only in Georgian, recounts how, when appointed to govern Egypt by Maximian, with instructions to combat Christianity, he instead encouraged it, and was martyred. Translated in or before the 8th c. from a lost Greek original.
E02523Jacob of Serugh's Syriac Homily (memrā) on *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023, S00079) celebrates the story of the martyrdom of Sergios, while putting emphasis on the martyr's steadfastness and love of God. Written in northern Mesopotamia in the late 5th/early 6th c.
E02543Five floor-mosaic panels with Greek inscriptions from the 'South Church' at Nitl, c. 10 km south-east of Madaba (Roman province of Arabia), probably set up by Ghassanid/Jafnid-Arabs (including a phylarch), two with invocations of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023); also with a reliquary. Probably 6th c.
E02545Floor-mosaic with a complex Greek dedicatory inscription commemorating the paving of a martyr shrine (martyrion) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and invoking the help of the God of Sergios for a number of contributors, and for the 'komes Almoundaros', probably the Ghassanid/Jafnid phylarch al-Mundhir III. Found at Tall al-'Umayri, c. 15 km to the south of Philadelphia/Amman (Roman province of Arabia). Probably mid-6th c., before 570.
E02566Greek graffito on a roof tile, with an invocation of *Paulos (probably the Apostle, S00008, but perhaps another saintly Paulos) and *Germanos (possibly the martyr of Caesarea of Palestine, S00195) on behalf of the circus faction of the Blues; a fragmentary dedicatory inscription to a saint whose name is lost; and a reliquary. All found in the so-called 'Church of St. Paul' at Umm er-Rasas/Kastron Mefaa, to the southeast of Madaba (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late 6th or 7th c.
E02587Bronze candelabrum with a Greek inscription invoking the help of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Umm er-Rasas/Kastron Mefaa, to the south-east of Madaba (Roman province of Arabia). Probably late 6th or 7th c.
E02647Floor-mosaic with a Greek inscription commemorating the paving of a church (naos) dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Riḥāb, between Bostra and Gerasa/Jerash (Jordan/Roman province of Arabia). Dated 661.
E02658Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a shrine (termed magaron) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) or *George (soldier and martyr, S00259). Found at Kafr/Kapra between Bostra and Mushannaf (Roman province of Arabia). Probably mid-7th c.
E02681Greek inscription with a poem commemorating the reconstruction, extension, and embellishment of a monastic church (oikos, neos) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Deir al-Qadi near Dionysias/modern Suweidā, to the north of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably 6th-7th c.
E02736Painted Greek inscription from a tomb owned by a monastery (?) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found near the Akeldama monastery at Jerusalem (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th c.
E02791The Greek Martyrdom of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023, S00079) recounts the martyrdom of two soldiers in Euphratensis (Syria/Mesopotamia), mentioning their cave shrines in Barbalissos and Rusafa/Resapha, the building of the church of Sergios, and his feast on 7 October. The saint prevents the theft of his relics, and healing miracles and the taming of animals occur at Sergios’ shrine. Probably written in Euphratensis, in the mid- to late 5th c.
E02817Four bishops of the province of Euphratensis (north-east Syria) in 434 address a letter to the empresses Eudocia and Pulcheria, complaining about the illegal appropriation of the shrine of the martyr *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) by the Patriarch of Antioch John I. Probably written in Greek in Hierapolis-Bambyke; preserved in Latin translation in the 6th-century Synodicon of Rusticus.
E02845Wall painting with labelled depictions of three saints, possibly *Ares, Promos, and Elias (Egyptian martyrs of Ascalon, S00196). The identity of Ares was perhaps changed at a later date to that of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found in Caesarea Maritima (Roman province of Palaestina I), close to the site of the presumed 'chapel St. Paul'. Late 6th - early 7th c.
E02899Lead seals of officials and ecclesiastics, decorated with images of saints, mainly *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), including a seal of the Nea Church in Jerusalem, dedicated to Mary. All found at Caesarea Maritima (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th-7th c.
E02938Limestone reliquary with a Greek inscription recording the presence of relics of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and naming donors, including a marble-mason. Unknown provenance, probably Syria/Phoenicia or Palestine. Probably 6th-7th c.
E02971Bronze attachment, of the 6th/7th c., with intaglio figure of a horseman with nimbus, probably *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and a surrounding Greek inscription ‘camel-driver of Saint Sergios.’ From Palestine, now in the University of Missouri-Columbia Museum of Art and Archaeology.
E02972Bronze bracelet, of the 6th/7th c., with intaglio figure of a horseman with nimbus, probably *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and a surrounding Greek inscription mentioning a ‘camel-driver of Saint Sergios of the Barbarikon.’ Recorded in the antiquities market of Beirut in 1960.
E03344The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 8 August the deposition of the relics of *Theodoros (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), *Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), and *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023).
E03383The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 23 September *Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Bakchos (martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) and *Merkourios (S01323).
E03390The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 2 October the Apostles *Peter (S00036), *Paul (S00008), *Thomas (S00199), *Philip (S00109), and *Andrew (S00288), *Isaiah (Old Testament prophet, S00282), *Zechariah (Old Testament prophet, S00283), *Mamas (martyr of Kaisareia/Caesarea in Cappadocia, S00436), *Theodore (soldier and martyr and Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480) and *Christophoros (martyr of Pamphylia, S00616), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Pantaleon (martyr of Nicomedia, S00596).
E03392The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 6 October *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079).
E03501Theodoret of Cyrrhus in his Cure for Greek Maladies refers to the veneration of relics, the dedication of offerings for healing, the naming of children after martyrs, the replacement of pagan temples by shrines of martyrs, and the festivals of the Apostles *Peter (S00036), *Paul (S00008), and *Thomas (S00199), and of the martyrs *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Markellos (martyr of Apameia on the Orontes, S01456), *Leontios (probably the martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), *Antoninos, and *Maurikios (martyr of Apameia, S01437). Written in Greek in the 420s, at the monastery of Nikerte near Apamea on the Orontes or in Cyrrhus (both north Syria).
E03581Floor mosaics with Greek inscriptions invoking the help of the God of *George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and of the God of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Ḥorvat Ḥesheq near Diokaisareia/Sepphoris (Galilee, Roman province of Palaestina II). Dated 519.
E03804The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 18 July *Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701); the deposition of relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), *John the Baptist (S00020), *Zechariah (father of John the Baptist, S00597) and forty unnamed martyrs (perhaps the *Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, S00103); *Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs of Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710); *Phokas (possibly the martyr of Antioch, S00413); *Athanasios (governor of Egypt and martyr of Klysma, S01216), here presented as a brother of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079); and *Dioskoros (probably the Decian martyr of Egypt, S00230).
E03826The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th century, based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 8 August *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), *Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), possibly *Elianos (martyr of Amman, S00889) or Emilianos, a 9th c. confessor under Leo the Armenian, *Viktor and Stephanis/Corona (martyrs of Damascus, S01620) and Marinus (identity uncertain) and *Melchizedek (king and priest of the Old Testament, S01783).
E03860The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 9 September *Phokas (probably the martyr of Antioch, S00413), *Babylas (bishop and martyr of Antioch, S00061), *Kyriakos (monk at the Monastery of Souka/Chariton, ob. 556, S01625), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rousafa, S00023), *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and *Joachim and Anne (parents of Mary, mother of Christ, S01327),and *Nicholas (possibly the bishop of Myra under Constantine, S00520).
E03874The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 23 September the deposition of the relics of *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), *Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), *Merkourios (soldier and martyr of Caesarea in Cappadocia, S01323), *Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), *Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), *Hesychios (priest and saint of Jerusalem, S00261), and Theophilos, 9th c. bishop of Ephesos.
E03887The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 6 October *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), *Thomas (the Apostle, S00199) and the 'session' of the twelve *Apostles (S00084).
E03888The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 7 October *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and *Pelagia (virgin and martyr of Antioch, S01093).
E04123Bronze censer with a dedicatory Greek inscription recording its donation to a church (ekklesia) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Provenance unknown, probably the Roman provinces of Palaestina or Arabia. Now in Jerusalem. Probably 6th c.
E04150Pilgrim ampulla from a shrine of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), bearing a Greek inscription and an image of the saint on horseback. Now in the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. Provenance unknown, probably Syria or Palestine. Probably 6th c.
E04173Coptic ostracon from western Thebes (Upper Egypt) with a letter invoking *Sergios (presumably the soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Mark (presumably the Evangelist, S00293), as well as all the saints (S00518) for protection; datable to the first half of the 8th century.
E04331Greek inscriptions/graffiti found in the south court of the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), invoking *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and *George (soldier and martyr, S00259). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04332Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built the first church in Constantinople of the Apostles *Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), in around 519, as well as the church of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079), both at the palace of Hormisdas. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04333Greek inscriptions and graffiti found in the entrance hall at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), invoking *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), the God of Stephen and Sergios, and the God of unnamed martyrs. It is possible, but very unlikely, that *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) was invoked together with Sergios in one of the texts. Probably 5th-7th c.
E04336Greek inscriptions and graffiti found in the martyr shrine at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III): the epitaph for a presbyter naming his place of burial a martyr shrine (martyrion); an invocation, probably of the God of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030); and two inscriptions/graffiti in cursive script, of uncertain purpose, naming various saints. One of them is dated 464. Others: probably 5th-7th c.
E04342Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the help of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030). Found in Room 8 at the North Church of Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). One of them is dated 586.
E04343Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the God of *All Saints, the intercession of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably the *Forty Martyrs (of Sebasteia, S00103, or of the Sinai Desert, S01620), and saints whose names are lost. Found in Room 7 at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 5th-7th c.
E04344Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking the help of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), of the God of *Sergios, and of a saint whose name is lost. Found in the north and east complexes at the North Church of Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04345Fragmentary Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00292), the God of the two saints, *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and saints whose names are lost (possibly *Viktor, martyr of Egypt, S00749; or Viktor, martyr of Maiuma near Gaza, S00292). Scattered over unrecorded locations around the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04352Fragmentary Greek graffiti invoking the God of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), probably *Sergios (soldier and martyr in Rusafa, S00023), and saints whose names are lost. Scattered over unrecorded locations at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c.
E04358Receipt of the rental or storage charge for the depositing of an unnamed item, written in Greek on papyrus, mentioning Patrikios, son of Sergios, as abbot (higoumenos) of the monastery of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Found at Nessana. P.Nessana 45, dated 602.
E04359Record of a loan of money, mentioning Patrikios, son of Sergios, as reader (anagnostes) and abbot (higoumenos) of the monastery of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079) at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Written in Greek on papyrus. Found at Nessana. P.Nessana 46, dated 605.
E04360Fragmentary record of a cancelled agreement, possibly a loan, mentioning Patrikios, son of Sergios, as abbot (higoumenos) of the monastery of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079) at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), and just possibly *Kyrikos (child martyr of Tarsos, S00007). Written in Greek on papyrus. Found at Nessana. P.Nessana 147, probably early 7th c.
E04361Greek letter from Georgios, a bishop, saying that he is ill and unable to attend a feast (heorte) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), almost certainly in the monastery of Sergios and Bakchos at Nessana, and asking the addressee to arrange a donation (eulogia) on his behalf. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 50, probably early 7th c.
E04367Greek list of offerings (prosphora and eulogia) to the monastery (mone) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), certainly associated with the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), mentioning offerings made on the occasion of a feast (heorte) of Sergios. Written on papyrus. P.Nessana 79, probably late 6th/early 7th c.
E04368Greek list of donations of wheat to the monastery of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), certainly associated with the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Written on papyrus. P.Nessana 80, probably c. 685.
E04369Greek letter sent by Moses, bishop of 'Aila, mentioning two institutions, probably both named after *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), located at Elousa and at Nessana in the Negev desert. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 51, probably early 7th c.
E04370Greek letter of a cleric, mentioning a feast (heorte) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), probably annual offerings to the monastery and church of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) at Nessana, and possibly to the intercession of two saints which saved a city. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 52, probably early 7th c.
E04376Greek poorly composed, unfinished private letter, or a writing exercise, containing conventional greetings and saying that the writer's family are well, thanks to 'the grace of God, and of Saints *Sergios and *Bakchos' (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079). Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 145, probably 6th-7th c.
E04377Greek scarcely legible texts, possibly referring to a martyr shrine (martyrion), and a saint or martyr whose name is lost. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 153, probably 6th-7th c.
E04424Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) greatly strengthened the walls of Rusafa-Sergiopolis (north-east Syria) in consideration of the wealth and importance of the shrine of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E04526Greek inscription on a lintel, possibly invoking the God of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Rafid, near Quneitra and Paneas/Caesarea Philippi, in the Golan Heights, to the north-east of the Sea of Galilee (Roman province of Phoenicia Paralias). Probably 6th c.
E04559Stone reliquary, reportedly inscribed with the names of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and a certain Saint *Abraham (probably a local martyr or holy monk). Found in the territory of Epiphaneia/Ḥamāh (central Syria). Now lost. Probably 5th-6th c.
E04902Evagrius Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical History (4.28), recounts the miraculous protection of Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria) by *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) during the Persian siege of 542. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria), 593/594.
E04953The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) recounts the foundation of the monastery of Holy Sion in the village of Pharroa in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor) and the miracles of Nikolaos, its first abbot. A number of shrines of different saints are mentioned in the narrative. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion. Overview entry
E04956The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) mentions that the monastery of Holy Sion in Pharroa of Lycia possessed relics of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020), *Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), *Theodoros (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), *Sergios and Bakchos (martyrs of Syria, S00030, S00079), and the *Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103), and describes the place of the relics of *Nikolaos (abbot of Holy Sion and bishop of Pinara, ob. 564) in the same church. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor).
E04979The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 7 October.
E05099Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) renovated a great number of monasteries in the region of Jerusalem (and elsewhere in the East), many of them dedicated to saints. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s.
E05169The Latin Calendar of Sinai records the feasts of saints through the year, followed by a list of the apostles to various regions of Christianity. Written possibly in North Africa, possibly in the 7th/8th c.; preserved in a manuscript, probably of the 9th c., in St Catherine's monastery, Sinai. Basic Entry.
E05283The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several shrines and festivals of saints at Sykeon and other places in Anatolia, the Holy Land, and Constantinople. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s.
E05291The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619) is written by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, recounting the life, ascetic feats, and miracles of its hero, and the foundation of the monastic centre of Sykeon in Galatia (central Asia Minor). The text mentions several shrines and festivals of saints in cities and villages of Asia Minor, and also in Constantinople and the Holy Land. Written in Greek at Sykeon, in the 640s. Overview entry
E05336John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (180), recounts a story about Abba John the Anchorite who lived in a cave 20 miles from Jerusalem. John had an icon of *Mary (Mother of Christ; S00033) in his cave. He used to travel to visit martyr shrines, even very distant ones, including those of *John (the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042) at Ephesus (western Asia Minor), *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480) at Euchaita (northern Asia Minor), *Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092) at Seleucia (southern Asia Minor), and *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) at Rusafa/Sergiopolis (north-east Syria). Whenever Abba John was about to set off on a journey, he lit a lamp and prayed to Mary asking her to keep it from going out. When he returned from a journey, he always found the lamp alight. Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05341John Moschus, in his Spiritual Meadow (182), mentions a monastery of *Sergios (martyr of Rusafa, S00023) near Bethlehem (Palestine). Written in Greek, probably in Rome, in the 620s or 630s.
E05349The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several festivals of saints, including processions, night vigils and the celebration of the Eucharist, celebrated in the 6th and 7th centuries at Iouliopolis, Germia and Sykeon (all in central Asia Minor), and in Constantinople. Written at Sykeon, in the 640s.
E05742John Malalas, in his Chronographia (18.111), mentions that Pope Vigilius (537-555) sought sanctuary at the church of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Syria, S00023) in the quarter of Hormisdas in Constantinople, until his relationship with the emperor Justinian was restored on 26 June 550. Written in Greek at Antioch (Syria) or Constantinople, in the mid-6th c.
E05815Agnellus of Ravenna, in his Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis, written in Latin, refers to the reconciliation to Orthodoxy by Bishop Agnellus (557-570) of several previously Arian churches, located in and around Ravenna (northern Italy). The new dedications are recorded as being to *Eusebius (bishop of Vercelli, ob. 371, S01219), *George (soldier and martyr, S00259), and *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), all in Ravenna; to *Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Classe; and to *Zeno (bishop of Verona, ob. 371, S01558) in Caesarea. Account written in Ravenna in 830/846.
E05913A ruined church sited at the village of Ehneş/Gümüşgün, to the north of Zeugma, on the west bank of the Euphrates, is sometimes presented as possibly dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). This judgement is based on the modern, early 20th c. dedication of the church, and it is not clear if it can be extrapolated to the ancient phases of the existence of this shrine. A historical Syriac inscription was recorded on the walls of the church, which may indicate that it was built only in the 9th c.
E06115Greek agreement from Arsinoiton Polis (Fayum), concerning a loan, mentioning a storehouse of *Sergios (presumably the soldier and martyr, S00023); dated 20 December 602.
E06146An authentic Merovingian royal diploma records the immunities guaranteed by Childebert III, king of the Franks, to the monastery in Angers (north-west Gaul) dedicated to *Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Medard (bishop of Vermand buried at Soissons, ob. c. 560, S00168). Written in Latin in Gaul/Francia, 694/711.
E06606The Greek Martyrdom of *Anastasios the Persian (monk and martyr of Persia, ob. 628, S02052) recounts the conversion of a young Persian soldier to Christianity and his martyrdom in the reign of Khusro II: Anastasios learned of Christianity when the True Cross was transferred to Persia after the conquest of Jerusalem [in 614], and was baptised soon thereafter in the Holy City, where he became a monk; his wish to suffer martyrdom led him to Caesarea, where he was apprehended, interrogated, imprisoned and tortured; he was then transferred to Persia, where he was tried and executed by strangulation. His body was buried by a monastery of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) in Persia, where his tunic effected a posthumous miracle. Written shortly after the martyrdom [in 628], by an anonymous monk of the lavra of St Sabas, near Jerusalem.
E07544The Greek Life and Martyrdom of *Dometios (monk of Syria, later 4th c., S00414) recounts the ascetic career and miracles of a Persian convert who was stoned to death, together with his two boy disciples, in his hermitage near Cyrrhus (Syria) under Julian the Apostate. It describes the miraculous rediscovery of the relics, and their deposition at the church of Parthen, a village near the shrine of *Kosmas and Damianos (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385). Written presumably in Cyrrhus, in the late 5th or the 6th c..
E07733John Diakrinomenos in his Ecclesiastical History mentions the acquisition by the emperor Anastasius of a thumb of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and the refoundation of Rusafa (north-east Syria) as the city of Sergiopolis in his honour. Written in Greek in Constantinople, c. 513/515.
E07937Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, writes of the city of Cyrrhus/Kyrros (northern Syria), where *Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) were martyred and buried, and of the fort of Barbalissos (eastern Syria), where *Sergius and *Bacchus (soldiers, and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissus, S00023 and S00079) were martyred. Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540.
E08025The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (AM 6039) states that Pope Vigilius took refuge in Constantinople from Justinian in a sanctuary of *Sergios (martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and subsequently met Menas, the Patriarch of Constantinople, on the feast of the *Apostles (S02422); all in 547. Chronicle compiled in the Byzantine Empire in the early 9th c., using extracts from earlier Greek texts.
E08361Fourteen relic labels discovered within the Sancta Sanctorum of the Lateran church of San Lorenzo in Palatio (Rome), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of various saints. One label claims that its relics have come from the monastery of Lérins (southern Gaul). Written in Latin, perhaps at Rome, or at an earlier stage in their transmission.