Name
Bakchos, soldier and martyr of Barbalissos
Saint ID
S00079
Reported Death Not Before
303
Reported Death Not After
311
Gender
Male
Type of Saint
Martyrs, Soldiers
| ID | Title | E00571 | The Piacenza Pilgrim records his visit, first to Barbalissos (on the Euphrates) with the tomb of *Bacchus/Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and then to Suras, where Bacchus and his 'brother' *Sergius (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) suffered; the pilgrim states that Sergius rests 12 miles further on, at Tetrapyrgion. Account of an anonymous pilgrim, written in Latin, probably in Placentia (northern Italy), c. 560. In the second recension of the text, Sergius is replaced by *George (soldier and martyr, S00259), whose grave is said to be at Tyre (in Phoenicia, on the coast). | E00728 | Greek inscription on the capital of a column found near Magnesia ad Sipylum (province of Asia, western Asia Minor) with names of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Probably late antique (5th-8th c.). | E00827 | Greek building inscription of an oratory (eukterion) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, Syria, S00079), founded by Basilios, a bishop presumably of Mylasa (Caria, western Asia Minor). Found near Mylasa, tentatively dated to the 6th c. | E00976 | Greek inscription on a boundary stone of an estate belonging to a sanctuary of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found near Amaseia (Helenopontus, northern Asia Minor). 527-565. | E01389 | Fragmentary Greek inscription with the names of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found in Katevati/Istron, on the coast of the Mirampelou/Mirabello Bay (Crete). Probably late antique. | E01462 | Greek inscriptions from so-called Basilica B in Rusafa/Sergioupolis (north-east Syria/Euphratesia), one just possibly referring to the cult of *Leontios (martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216), and one to that of *Mary (Mother of Christ, S00033). Probably 6th c. | E01805 | Greek building inscriptions from a church dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023). Found at Dār Qīta between Antioch on the Orontes and Beroia/Aleppo (north Syria). Dated 537 and 567. | E01978 | Floor-mosaic with a Greek building inscription for a martyr shrine (martyrion). Found in a church outside the citywalls at Dibsi Faraj/Athis/Neokaisareia (between Beroia/Aleppo and Rusafa, northeast Syria/Euphratensis). Dated 429. | E02078 | Greek inscription invoking the blessing for a monastery of the God of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023; S00079). Found at Deir en-Nasrani in the south-east Jabal Druze (near Damascus, north Roman province of Arabia/south Syria). Probably late 5th or 6th c. | E02079 | Greek building inscription for a memorial (martyrion?), probably a church, completed with the help of the God of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023; S00079). Found at Umm es-Surab, to the south-east of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 489. | E02082 | Greek building inscription probably for a memorial shrine (memorion) of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023; S00079). Found at Ghaṣm, to the north-east of Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 593/594. | E02085 | Greek inscription commemorating the construction of a church (naos) of *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) as a vow for 'memory and repose'. Found at Qarfa, to the southeast of Sheikh Meskin (midway between Bostra and Aere, Roman province of Arabia). Dated 589/590. | E02234 | Greek building inscription for the possible cathedral church (naos) of Bostra, dedicated to *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and *Leontios (probably the martyr of Tripolis, Phoenicia, S00216). Found at Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Dated 512/513. | E02235 | Greek inscription from a lintel of the cathedral church at Bostra, mentioning *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found at Bostra (Roman province of Arabia). Probably early 6th c. | E02420 | The Martyrdom of *Athanasios (governor of Egypt and martyr of Klysma, S01216), surviving only in Georgian, recounts how, when appointed to govern Egypt by Maximian, with instructions to combat Christianity, he instead encouraged it, and was martyred. Translated in or before the 8th c. from a lost Greek original. | E02523 | Jacob of Serugh's Syriac Homily (memrā) on *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023, S00079) celebrates the story of the martyrdom of Sergios, while putting emphasis on the martyr's steadfastness and love of God. Written in northern Mesopotamia in the late 5th/early 6th c. | E02791 | The Greek Martyrdom of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023, S00079) recounts the martyrdom of two soldiers in Euphratensis (Syria/Mesopotamia), mentioning their cave shrines in Barbalissos and Rusafa/Resapha, the building of the church of Sergios, and his feast on 7 October. The saint prevents the theft of his relics, and healing miracles and the taming of animals occur at Sergios’ shrine. Probably written in Euphratensis, in the mid- to late 5th c. | E03383 | The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 23 September *Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Bakchos (martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) and *Merkourios (S01323). | E03392 | The early seventh-century Georgian version of the Lectionary of Jerusalem commemorates on 6 October *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). | E03502 | Floor-mosaics with Greek inscriptions labelling a church dedicated to *Bakchos (probably the soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079). Found at modern Horvat Tinshemet near Shoham (Roman province of Palaestina I). Probably 6th c. | E03804 | The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 18 July *Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701); the deposition of relics of *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), *John the Baptist (S00020), *Zechariah (father of John the Baptist, S00597) and forty unnamed martyrs (perhaps the *Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, S00103); *Tarachos, Probos and Andronikos (martyrs of Anazarbos, Cilicia, S00710); *Phokas (possibly the martyr of Antioch, S00413); *Athanasios (governor of Egypt and martyr of Klysma, S01216), here presented as a brother of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079); and *Dioskoros (probably the Decian martyr of Egypt, S00230). | E03860 | The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 9 September *Phokas (probably the martyr of Antioch, S00413), *Babylas (bishop and martyr of Antioch, S00061), *Kyriakos (monk at the Monastery of Souka/Chariton, ob. 556, S01625), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rousafa, S00023), *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and *Joachim and Anne (parents of Mary, mother of Christ, S01327),and *Nicholas (possibly the bishop of Myra under Constantine, S00520). | E03874 | The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 23 September the deposition of the relics of *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), *Thyrsos (martyr of Bithynia, S00612), *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), *Merkourios (soldier and martyr of Caesarea in Cappadocia, S01323), *Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), *Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092), *Hesychios (priest and saint of Jerusalem, S00261), and Theophilos, 9th c. bishop of Ephesos. | E03875 | The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 24 September the deposition of the relics of *Konon, (probably the martyr of Iconium in Lycaonia, central Asia Minor, S00429) and *Papas (martyr of Lycaonia under Maximian, S01825), and the death of *Thekla (follower of the Apostle Paul, S00092) and priest *Hesychios (saint with church in Jerusalem mentioned c. 570, priest in 5th c Jerusalem? S00261), and *Eustathios with his family (martyrs of Rome, S01804). | E03887 | The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 6 October *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), *Thomas (the Apostle, S00199) and the 'session' of the twelve *Apostles (S00084). | E03888 | The Church Calendar of Ioane Zosime, compiled in Georgian in the 10th c., based however on 5th-7th c. prototypes from Palestine, commemorates on 7 October *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023) and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079), and *Pelagia (virgin and martyr of Antioch, S01093). | E04332 | Procopius of Caesarea, in his On Buildings, reports that the emperor Justinian (r. 527-565) built the first church in Constantinople of the Apostles *Peter and *Paul (S00036 and S00008), in around 519, as well as the church of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079), both at the palace of Hormisdas. Written in Greek at Constantinople, in the 550s. | E04333 | Greek inscriptions and graffiti found in the entrance hall at the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), invoking *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), the God of Stephen and Sergios, and the God of unnamed martyrs. It is possible, but very unlikely, that *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) was invoked together with Sergios in one of the texts. Probably 5th-7th c. | E04345 | Fragmentary Greek inscriptions/graffiti invoking *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00292), the God of the two saints, *Stephen (the First Martyr, S00030), and saints whose names are lost (possibly *Viktor, martyr of Egypt, S00749; or Viktor, martyr of Maiuma near Gaza, S00292). Scattered over unrecorded locations around the North Church at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Probably 6th-7th c. | E04359 | Record of a loan of money, mentioning Patrikios, son of Sergios, as reader (anagnostes) and abbot (higoumenos) of the monastery of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079) at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). Written in Greek on papyrus. Found at Nessana. P.Nessana 46, dated 605. | E04360 | Fragmentary record of a cancelled agreement, possibly a loan, mentioning Patrikios, son of Sergios, as abbot (higoumenos) of the monastery of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079) at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III), and just possibly *Kyrikos (child martyr of Tarsos, S00007). Written in Greek on papyrus. Found at Nessana. P.Nessana 147, probably early 7th c. | E04370 | Greek letter of a cleric, mentioning a feast (heorte) of *Sergios (soldier and martyr of Rusafa, S00023), probably annual offerings to the monastery and church of *Sergios and *Bakchos (soldier and martyr of Barbalissos, S00079) at Nessana, and possibly to the intercession of two saints which saved a city. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 52, probably early 7th c. | E04376 | Greek poorly composed, unfinished private letter, or a writing exercise, containing conventional greetings and saying that the writer's family are well, thanks to 'the grace of God, and of Saints *Sergios and *Bakchos' (soldiers and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissos, S00023 and S00079). Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 145, probably 6th-7th c. | E04377 | Greek scarcely legible texts, possibly referring to a martyr shrine (martyrion), and a saint or martyr whose name is lost. Written on papyrus. Found at Nessana/Auja Hafir in the Negev desert (Roman province of Palaestina III). P.Nessana 153, probably 6th-7th c. | E04953 | The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) recounts the foundation of the monastery of Holy Sion in the village of Pharroa in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor) and the miracles of Nikolaos, its first abbot. A number of shrines of different saints are mentioned in the narrative. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion. Overview entry | E04956 | The Greek Life of *Nikolaos of Sion (abbot and bishop in Lycia, ob. 564, S00559) mentions that the monastery of Holy Sion in Pharroa of Lycia possessed relics of *John (probably the Baptist, S00020), *Stephen the First Martyr (S00030), *Theodoros (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), *Sergios and Bakchos (martyrs of Syria, S00030, S00079), and the *Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (S00103), and describes the place of the relics of *Nikolaos (abbot of Holy Sion and bishop of Pinara, ob. 564) in the same church. Written in the late 6th c., probably at the monastery of Holy Sion in Lycia (south-west Asia Minor). | E04979 | The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 7 October. | E05169 | The Latin Calendar of Sinai records the feasts of saints through the year, followed by a list of the apostles to various regions of Christianity. Written possibly in North Africa, possibly in the 7th/8th c.; preserved in a manuscript, probably of the 9th c., in St Catherine's monastery, Sinai. Basic Entry. | E05283 | The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several shrines and festivals of saints at Sykeon and other places in Anatolia, the Holy Land, and Constantinople. Written at Sykeon (central Asia Minor), in the 640s. | E05291 | The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619) is written by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, recounting the life, ascetic feats, and miracles of its hero, and the foundation of the monastic centre of Sykeon in Galatia (central Asia Minor). The text mentions several shrines and festivals of saints in cities and villages of Asia Minor, and also in Constantinople and the Holy Land. Written in Greek at Sykeon, in the 640s. Overview entry | E05349 | The Greek Life of *Theodoros (ascetic and abbot of Sykeon, ob. 613, S01619), by Eleusios-Georgios of Sykeon, mentions several festivals of saints, including processions, night vigils and the celebration of the Eucharist, celebrated in the 6th and 7th centuries at Iouliopolis, Germia and Sykeon (all in central Asia Minor), and in Constantinople. Written at Sykeon, in the 640s. | E07937 | Theodosius, in his On the Topography of the Holy Land, writes of the city of Cyrrhus/Kyrros (northern Syria), where *Cosmas/Kosmas and Damianus (brothers, physician martyrs of Syria, S00385) were martyred and buried, and of the fort of Barbalissos (eastern Syria), where *Sergius and *Bacchus (soldiers, and martyrs of Rusafa and Barbalissus, S00023 and S00079) were martyred. Written in Latin, perhaps in Africa, 518/540. | E08361 | Fourteen relic labels discovered within the Sancta Sanctorum of the Lateran church of San Lorenzo in Palatio (Rome), datable by their script to the 7th or 8th c., for relics of various saints. One label claims that its relics have come from the monastery of Lérins (southern Gaul). Written in Latin, perhaps at Rome, or at an earlier stage in their transmission. |
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