Site logo

The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity


from its origins to circa AD 700, across the entire Christian world


The will of Ermentrude/Erminethrudis outlines the arrangements for numerous bequests of possessions, properties and slaves; among the beneficiaries are churches dedicated to various saints in or near Paris (northern Gaul). Written in Latin at Paris, 6th or 7th c, perhaps c. 630, or after c. 650.

Evidence ID

E08408

Type of Evidence

Documentary texts - Will

Late antique original manuscripts - Papyrus sheet

ChLA XIV, 592 (excerpts)

[...] Baselicis constitutis Parisius, id est: baselicae s(an)ct(i) Petri, urcio argenteo, ualente soledus duodece, et fibla aurea gemmata [a]dmanto dari constituo; baselicae domnae Mariae, gauata argentea ualente sol(idos) duodece, et cruce aurea, ualente sol(idos) septe, dari iubeo; baselicae domni Stefani, anolo aureo nigellato, ualente sol(idos) quattour, dari uolo; baselicae dom(n)i Geruasi, anolo aureo, nomen me[um in ]n se habentem scribtum, dari pręcipio; baselicae s(an)c(t)i Sinfuriani, in qua bonae recordacionis filius meus Deoroualdus requiescit, freno, ualente sol(idos) duodece, et caballo strato et carruca, in qua sedere consueui, cum boues et lectaria, cum omni stratura sua, pro deuotione mea et requiem Deoroualdo, dari praecipio. Alia carruca, cum boues uel omni stratura sua, ecclisiae Bonisiacinse, pro remedium animae meae, habere pręcipio [...] Baselicae s(an)c(t)e Cruces uel domni Uincenti, cocliaria argent(ea) dece dari iubeo. Lectaria per uno et uestamenti mei pareclo uno fratribus ad minsa baselicae s(an)c(t)i Dionisi dari praecipio. Alio pareclo uestimenti ad uico Bonisiaca fratribus dari constituo. Tertio pariclo uestimenti Emilia ad uico dari iubeo. Item, pro remedium anemae meae uel ex demendacione bonae recordationis fili mei Deoroualdi, uillam, cui uocabulum est Latiniaco, sita in territuri[o] Meldinse, cum campis, colonecis ad eadem pertinentes, cum pratis, pascuis, siluis, uel in [o]mni iure et termino suo, quia in portione supra memorati filii mei Deorualdi obuenit, cum omni integritate baselicae s(an)c(t)i Sinfuriani, ubi saepultura habere dinuscitur, pro requiem ei(us) dari praecipio.

Similit(er), porcario, nomine Gundilane, cum gregim porcor(um), et Baudomere, cum gregim ouium et troppo iumentor(um), qui sunt ad sup(ra)scripta uilla Latiniaco, supradictae baselicae s(an)c(t)i Sinfuriani habere iubeo. Goderico et Gunderico in sup(ra)scriptam uillam, quem [ba]selicae domni Sinfuriani delegaui, ita iubeo ut laborent, unde ad ipsa baselica oblata cotidiae ministretur [...] Baudulfus, Suinthaharius, similter cum boues ut laborent iubeo, unde oblata ad baselica s(an)c(t)i Sinfuriani pro requiem Deoroualdi offeretur. Simili modo, uineae pedatura una, sita Tauriniaco et quem Pispo colit, baselicae domn[i G]eorgi Cala dari praecipio [...] Uinea, quem Uuassio colit cun ipso Uuassione nec non et uineam quem Sindedus in monte Ma[ure]lion(e) colit et seruo, nomine Theudo[a]ldo, qu[i] ipsas iun[ctim] colere debeat, basel[ica[e dom(n)i Sinfuriani, de qui[b]us oblata [quotidie] minist[retu]r, dari consti[tuo. U]inea pedatura una, sit in monte Blixat[a], q[ue]m Leudefred[o co]lit, baselicae s(an)c(t)i Martini Ciperente dari iubeo [...] Gundofredo cum boues duos laborare praecipio unde cera ad baselica domni Sinfuriani conparetur [...] Baudulfo et Suinthahario, cum boues, quos baiolant, laborare praecipio, unde oblata ad baselica dom(n)i Sinfuriani iugiter ministretur [...] Actum Parisiu[s], s[u]b d(ie) et tempore [su]prascripto [...]


'For the basilicas in Paris, as follows. I assign the silver pitcher worth 12
solidi and the golden, diamond-gem-encrusted brooch to be given to the basilica of Saint Peter. I order the silver platter worth 12 solidi and the golden cross worth 7 solidi to be given to the basilica of Lady Mary. I want the nielloed golden ring worth 4 solidi to be given to the basilica of Lord Stephen. I command the golden ring on which my name is inscribed to be given to the basilica of Lord Gervasius. I command the bridle worth 12 solidi, and the decked-out horse, and the carriage in which I am accustomed to sit, with its oxen and couch, with all their trappings, to be given to the basilica of Saint Symphorianus, where my son of good memory Deorouald rests, for my devotion and for the rest of Deorouald. I command the other carriage, with its oxen and couch, to be possessed by the church of Bondy, for the remedy of my soul... I order ten silver spoons to be given to the basilica of the Holy Cross and Lord Vincent. I command a couch for one person, and a pair of my vestments to be given to the brothers at the common table of the basilica of Saint Dionysius. I assign another pair of vestments to be given to Bondy. I order a third pair of vestments to be given to Emilia. Again, for the remedy of my soul and for the memory of my son Deorouald, I command the villa which is called Lagny(-sur-Marne) - situated in the territory of the Meldois, and its fields, inhabitants, and everything pertaining to it, with its meadows, pastures, woods, and everything in its right and within its boundaries, because a portion of it came into the possession of my abovementioned son Deorouald - to be given to the basilica of Saint Symphorianus, which is known to have Deoruald's tomb, for his rest.

Similarly, I order that the aforesaid basilica of Saint
Symphorianus is to possess the pig-keeper Gundilan, with his drove of pigs, and Baudomer, with his flock of sheep and beasts of burden, which are in the aforesaid villa of Lagny. As for Goderic and Gunderic in the aforesaid villa which I have granted to the basilica of Lord Symphorianus, I order that they are to labour there, so that offerings might be ministered daily to that basilica... I order that Baudulf and Suinthaharius are likewise to labour with the oxen, so that offerings might be ministered daily to the basilica of Symphorianus for the rest of Deorouald. In the same way, I command one pedatura of the vineyard in Thoringy(-sur-Marne), which Pispo cultivates, to be given to the basilica of the Lord George at Chelles... I assign the vineyard which Wassio cultivates (together with Wassio himself), and also the vineyard which Sinded cultivates on the hill of Merlan, and the slave named Theudoald, who should work there with him, to be given to the basilica of Lord Symphorianus, so that offerings might be ministered daily there. I order one pedatura of the vineyard which is on Mont Blixat, which Leudefred cultivates, to be given to the monastery of Saint Martin at Sevran... I command Gundofred to labour with two oxen, so that wax might be purchased for the basilica of Lord Symphorianus... I command Baudulf and Suinthaharius to labour with the oxen who carry their burdens, so that offerings might be ministered daily to the basilica of Symphorianus... Enacted in Paris, on the day and time written above...'


Text: Atsma and Vezin 1982, 72-9.
Translation: B. Savill.

Cult Places

Cult building - independent (church)

Non Liturgical Activity

Bequests, donations, gifts and offerings

Protagonists in Cult and Narratives

Women
Family
Aristocrats
Slaves/ servants

Cult Related Objects

Oil lamps/candles
Precious material objects
Chalices, censers and other liturgical vessels
Crosses

Source

This will survives as an original papyrus scroll (1435 x 325 mm), now Paris, Archives nationales, K 4 n. 1. Its top section is missing, and with it the document's date. Modern specialists have therefore assigned various dates on palaeographical grounds: more recently, Chartes originales antérieures à 1121 conservées en France has dated it to c. 630, although Atmsa and Vezin's Chartae Latinae Antiquiores edition only provides a very approximate dating to somewhere within either the 6th or 7th century. Note, however, that if the church dedicated to George at Chelles is the same as that described as Queen Balthild's foundation in the her Life (E07075), then the grant cannot predate c. 650.

As with E08401, a comparable extant papyrus will from this period, Ermentrude's testament probably only survives thanks to its 'recycling' by the monks of 10th/11th c. Saint-Denis, who used it to create a forged papal privilege in the monastery's favour.


Discussion

Atsma and Vezin identify the churches with named saints' cults listed in the will, primarily in Paris, as (in order of appearance): (1) possibly Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul (later Sainte-Geneviève); (2) possibly Notre-Dame-des-Champs; (3) Saint-Étienne-des-Grés; (3) Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais; (4) Saint-Symphorien des Vignes; (5) Saint-Germain-des-Prés; (6) Saint-Denis; (7) Saint-Georges, Chelles; and (8) Saint-Martin, Sevran.

Bibliography

Editions
H. Atsma and J. Vezin, Chartae Latinae Antiquiores XIV. France II (Zurich, 1982), no. 592.

Chartes originales antérieures à 1121 conservées en France, no. 4495, online at http://telma.irht.cnrs.fr/outils/originaux/charte4496/


Record Created By

Benjamin Savill

Date of Entry

23/02/2023

Related Saint Records
IDNameName in SourceIdentity
S00030Stephen, the First MartyrStefanusCertain
S00033Mary, Mother of ChristMariaCertain
S00036Peter, the ApostlePetrusCertain
S00050Martin, ascetic and bishop of Tours, d. 397MartinusCertain
S00259George, soldier and martyr, and CompanionsGeorgusCertain
S00290Vincentius/Vincent, deacon of Zaragoza and martyr of ValenciaUincentusCertain
S00313Gervasius and Protasius, brothers and martyrs of MilanGeruasusCertain
S00322Symphorianus, martyr of AutunSinfurianusCertain
S00349Dionysius/Denis, bishop and martyr of Paris, and his companions Rusticus and EleutheriusDionisusCertain


Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Benjamin Savill, Cult of Saints, E08408 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E08408