Evidence ID
E01813
Type of Evidence
Inscriptions - Formal inscriptions (stone, mosaic, etc.)
Archaeological and architectural - Cult buildings (churches, mausolea)
Archaeological and architectural - Extant reliquaries and related fixtures
+ ἁ̣γ̣ί Μα̣ρ̣ί̣ο βόθι
+ ἅ̣γ̣ι Δο̣μ̣ήτι βόθι
'+ Holy Mary, help! + Saint Dometios, help!'
Text: IGLS 2, no. 608.
Cult PlacesCult building - independent (church)
Non Liturgical ActivityPrayer/supplication/invocation
RelicsReliquary – institutionally owned
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesOther lay individuals/ people
Cult building - independent (church)
Cult building - dependent (chapel, baptistery, etc.)
Cult building - monastic
Non Liturgical ActivityPrayer/supplication/invocation
Burial ad sanctos
RelicsReliquary – institutionally owned
Contact relic - oil
Making contact relics
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesOther lay individuals/ people
Ecclesiastics - monks/nuns/hermits
Source
A fallen stone block. There is no published description or image. Decorated at its left end with a carving of a squarish tabula ansata (0.42 m) in low-relief, and with the volute of a moulding, probably from a window. The inscription is within the tabula. Poor and weathered lettering.Recorded by the American Archaeological Expedition to Syria 1899-1900 in a ruined 'chapel', situated to the northeast of Kefr Finsheh in Jabal Barisha, near an oil press. First published in 1908 by William Prentice, based on his own copy. Republished by René Mouterde and Louis Jalabert in 1939, from the edition by Prentice. In the 1980s the site was revisited by Ignacio Peña, Pasquale Castellana, and Romuald Fernandez. They identified our chapel as a one-aisled church and noted the presence of the inscription. To the north of this shrine they found ruins of a monastery with a burial chamber with a sarcophagus and other tombs, and a chapel with a small 'martyr shrine' in its east part. Inside the 'martyr shrine' there was a reliquary with two niches and fixtures for the production of holy oil, embedded in the south wall. An arcosolium tomb was found in the wall, near the doorway.
Discussion
The inscription is a simple invocation of two saints: Mary and Dometios. William Prentice suggested that the block, on which it was inscribed, was originally positioned in the south wall of the clerestory, and that the inscription was adjacent to another text (likewise very poorly spelt), which reads: Κύριε τῆς δόξις, βοέθισον ἑμῖν πάντας/'Lord of glory, help us all!' (IGLS 2, no. 609). According to Prentice, these inscriptions were authored by a person having little training in Greek, and certainly not by a professional stone-cutter.The saint Dometios, invoked together with Mary, is probably the healer of Syria, whose cult was known even to Gregory of Tours in distant Gaul (E00652).
Dating: This kind of invocation is usually dated to the late 5th or the 6th/7th c. Invocations of Mary are unlikely to predate the council of Ephesos 431 which greatly contributed to the spreading of her cult. The date of the construction of the church/chapel and of the monastery is unknown.
Bibliography
Edition:Mouterde, R., Jalabert, L., Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, vol. 2: Chalcidique et Antiochène: nos 257-698 (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1939), no. 608.
Prentice, W.K. (ed.), Greek and Latin Inscriptions (Publications of an American archaeological expedition to Syria in 1899-1900 3, New York: Century 1908), 57, no. 31.
Further reading:
Butler, H.C., Architecture and other Arts (Publications of an American Archæological Expedition to Syria in 1899–1900 2, New York: Century, 1903), 236-237.
Butler, H.C., Baldwin, S.E., Early churches in Syria: fourth to seventh centuries (Princeton monographs in art and archaeology, Princeton: Institute for Advanced Study, 1929), 51.
Comte, M.-Ch., Les reliquaires du Proche-Orient et de Chypre à la période protobyzantine, IVe-VIIIe siècles: formes, emplacements, fonctions et cultes (Bibliothèque de l'Antiquité tardive 20, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2012), 331.
Lassus, J., Sanctuaires chrétiens de Syrie: essai sur la genèse, la forme et l'usage liturgique des édifices du culte chrétien, en Syrie, du IIIe siècle à la conquête musulmane (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 42, Paris: P. Geuthner, 1947), 111, note 2.
Peña, I., Castellana, P., Fernandez, R., Les cénobites syriens (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1983), 181-186.
Peña, I., Castellana, P., Fernandez, R., Inventaire du Jebel Baricha, Recherches archéologiques dans la région Villes Morte de la Syrie du Nord (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum Collectio Minor 33, Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1987), 126.
Peña, I., Lieux de pèlerinage en Syrie (Milan: Franciscan Printing Press, 2000), 12, 26.
Tchalenko, G., Villages antiques de la Syrie du Nord. Le massif du Bélus à l'époque romaine, vol. 1 (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1953), 295 and 335, note 1.
For Butler's photographs from Kfer Fenche, see: http://vrc.princeton.edu/archives/items/show/9109 and the following items.
Record Created By
Paweł Nowakowski
Date of Entry
17/08/2016
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00033 | Mary, Mother of Christ | Μαρίο | Certain | S00414 | Dometios, monk of Syria, later 4th c. | Δομήτι | Uncertain |
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Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Paweł Nowakowski, Cult of Saints, E01813 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01813