The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 9 August.
Evidence ID
E04914
Type of Evidence
Liturgical texts - Calendars and martyrologies
Major author/Major anonymous work
Martyrologium Hieronymianum
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum is preserved in a number of early manuscripts which share much in common, but also diverge, making it impossible to reconstruct from them a single authoritative text. Below, we therefore offer separate English translations of each important early manuscript. By clicking 'Latin Text' (above), you can view these different versions in their original Latin, set side-by-side for ease of comparison, with also the editions and interpretations of the text suggested by the scholars Quentin and Delehaye. For a full discussion of the Martyrologium, click 'Discussion/Bibliography.'
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum commemorates on 9 August the following feasts:
Possibly *Firmus and Rusticus, martyrs of Verona, (S01487),
*Cyriacus, Smaragdus, Largus and their companions, martyrs of Rome, (S00678),
Possibly *Crescentius, among Roman martyrs associated with Xystus/Sixtus, Laurence and Hippolytus, (S00213),
Possibly *Tiburtius, son of the prefect Chromatius, martyr of Rome, (S01404),
*Xystus/Sixtus II, bishop and martyr of Rome, (S00201),
*Antoninus, martyr of Alexandria, (S00327),
*Martinus, supposed disciple of Martin of Tours, (S01196),
The vigils for *Laurence/Laurentius, deacon and martyr of Rome, (S00037),
*Other saints, on 9 August in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Pergamon/Bergamo, Tuscany, Alexandria, and Nicomedia (S03032).
BnF 10837:
'On the fifth day before the Ides of August, in Sirmium, the feast of Rusticus.
And in Pergamon, [the feast of] Crescentio, Tiburtus.
In Tuscany, [the feast of] Verianus, Marcellianus, Secundianus, Romanus, Largus, Tiberianus, Theodorus, Nomedianus, Laudicus, Iulianus, Paulus, Carpus, Primus, Xystus, Agatopus, and eleven others, Sintinus, Nimidiacus, Ladicus, Iulianus, Felicissimus, Carpoforus, Zmaragdus, with ten others.
In Alexandria, [the feast of] Antoninus, and Tonionus, Tiburtus, Valerianus, Dionisus, Felix, Euticianus, Gagus, Meleus, Adisus, Tebacus, Urbanus, Lucus, Manunus.
In Rome, [the feast of] Caelestus, bishop Dionisus, Faustinianus.'
Bern 289:
'On the fifth day before the Ides of August, in the East, [the feast of] Firmus, Rusticus.
In Pergamon, [the feast of] Criscentiana, Largus, Tiburtus, Tiberianus, Annus, Theodorus, Nomidiana, Laudicus, Iulianus, Sixtus, Pulicarpus, Primus, Sixtus, Agatopus, and 12 others, Felicissimus, Carpofarus, Zemeragdus, with ten others.
In Alexandria, [the feast of] Antoninus, Etonio, Tiburtinus, Valerianus, Dionisus, Felix, Euticianus, Gacus, Melchiades, Stephanus, Urbanus, Lucus, Satirus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] Ladicus, Iulianus, Mano, also, Policarpus.
In Rome, in the cemetery of Calestus, on the via Appia, the burial of bishop Dionisus.
And in Coloniacum in Tuscany, on the via Aurelia, in the 15th mile, [the feast of] Faustinus, Virianus, Marcellianus, Secundianus, and Sixtus.
And in the city Lemovix, [the feast of] Martinus from Briva Curretia (Brives-la-Gaillarde, Gaul).
And the vigils for Laurentus, with the approaching Lent.'
Weissenburg 81:
'On the fifth day before the Ides of August, in the East, the feast of Firmus, Rusticus.
In Pergamon, [the feast of] Criscentiana, Largus, Tiburtus, Tiberianus, Annus, Theodorus, Nomidiana, Laudicus, Iulianus, Policarpus, Primus, Syxtus, Agatopus, and 11 others, Felicissemus, Corporus, Iamaragdus, with ten others.
In Alexandria, the feast of Antoninus, and Onio, Tiburtinus, Valerianus, Dionisus, Felix, Euticianus, Gagus, Melciades, Stefanus, Urbanus, Lucus, Mamo, Sanctirus, Nimidianus, Ladicus, Iulianus, Policarpus.
In Rome, in a cemetery, the burial of bishop Dionisus.
And in Coloniacum (Tuscany), the feast of Faustinus, Virianus, Marcellinus, Secundianus, Xystus.
In the city Lemovix, [the feast of] Martinus from Briva Curretia (Brives-la-Gaillarde, Gaul).'
Quentin consults all the early manuscripts for his edition.
Delehaye changed the records from the early manuscripts.
Translation and comments: M. Vukovic.
Festivals
Saint’s feast
Source
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum ('Martyrology of Jerome'), is the oldest extensive martyrology of the Latin West, listing the feast days of the saints for the entire calendar year, generally also specifying where their feasts are held (which is normally their place of burial). It derives its name from prefatory letters copied at the start of the martyrology, which attribute the text to the Church Father, Jerome of Stridon (ob. 420). These letters are present in all the earliest manuscripts, but it is uncertain when they were first attached to the text. The Hieronymianum is the primary source of all later martyrologies of the Latin world.It is universally accepted that the attribution to Jerome, intended to give the text greater authority, is false, and the predominant scholarly view is that the first version of the martyrology was compiled in northern Italy during the 5th century (probably in Aquileia), though no manuscript of this Aquileian redaction has survived. The text was then evidently revised and added to in Gaul, probably in Burgundy, around AD 600. The north Italian origin of the text, and its Gallic revision, are deduced from the presence in the martyrology of saints from northern Italy, and then of saints from Frankish Gaul. This Gallic version (sometimes referred to as the recensio gallica), just like its north Italian predecessor, does not survive in its original form in any manuscript (Lifshitz 2006, 14).
At some point in the 7th century, and no later than the early 8th, the Martyrologium reached Northumbria (in northern Britain), where it underwent some further revision and additions (Lapidge 2005, 45-46). From Northumbria, the text returned to the continent in the 8th century, and it is here that the earliest surviving manuscript copies were made, as listed below (Lapidge 2005, 73).
Some of the sources that were used by the compilers of the Martyrologium in northern Italy, and subsequently in Gaul, can be identified: the so-called Chronography of 354, a mid-4th-century list from Rome of saintly commemorations, primarily of local martyrs (E010151 and E01052); a lost Greek martyrology compiled at Nicomedia around 360 (drawn basically from Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History and Martyrs of Palestine), which was also a prime source for the Syriac Martyrology of 411 (E00465); the African Calendar of Carthage of 505/535 (E02195 - E02205); and early local calendars from Aquileia and Auxerre (Lifshitz 2006, 20).
The four earliest manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum (three of them complete, one a fragment), on which all editions, including our own, are based, are all from eastern Francia and were copied in the eighth and early ninth centuries. They are as follows:
Ms Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), lat. 10837
Written in the abbey of Echternach (in present-day Luxembourg) by a single scribe, Laurentius, between 703 and 710 (Lifshitz 2006, 32). The Catalogue of the BnF, which publishes BnF lat. 10837 on-line, also provides brief information about the dating: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6001113z/f22.image (click Information). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 2r-32v.
Ms Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Weissenburg 81
From the abbey of Weissenburg in Alsace. Dated to around 800 by the Wolfenbüttel on-line catalogue: http://diglib.hab.de/?db=mss&list=ms&id=81-weiss&lang=en. Lifshitz argues that the manuscript dates from around 772, and was written in the Carolingian royal sphere, in or around Maastrict (Lifshitz 2006, 4). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 7r-103r.
Ms Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Bongars 289
From the abbey of Saint-Avold, near Metz. De Rossi and Duchesne, in the introduction to their edition, argue that Bern 289 must have been written after 766. The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 53v-129v. This manuscript is not yet available on line, but we have been able to check it through a microfilm.
Ms Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 238
From the abbey of Lorsch, near Worms. The manuscript contains only a fragment (five pages) of the Hieronymianum, covering 25 December to 3 January, and 27 January to 31 January, written in Lorsch in the first half of the 9th century: http://bibliotheca-laureshamensis-digital.de/bav/bav_pal_lat_238). The fragment is at fol. 74-75, 1-2.
The standard edition of 1894, by G. B. de Rossi and L. Duchesne, published these four manuscripts in parallel columns. In 1931, H. Quentin produced a new edition, with a commentary by H. Delehaye, which attempted to collate the different manuscript readings into a single text.
Even though all the early manuscripts are believed to descend from the same redaction, they are by no means identical. In particular, BnF lat. 10837, the earliest of all, often contains a text which differs markedly from Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81, which are much closer to each other. Because the text varies between manuscripts, in content as well as spelling, it is now universally agreed that it will never be possible to create an 'authoritative' single text of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum. De Rossi and Duchesne in 1894, facing the same problem, decided to print for each day of the year the text of all four early manuscripts, in four columns, and we have followed their lead. Our edition is essentially based on their edition, though we have checked their readings against the manuscripts, and corrected or removed some letters, words, diacritical marks, and comments introduced by the editors that do not exist in the manuscripts. We have then added three more columns: for Quentin’s text for the feast day, which sometimes comes in one version, sometimes in two, and for Delehaye’s reconstruction of much of the text, drawn from his Commentary. Delehaye's erudition was, and remains, unmatched, and we have leaned heavily on his commentary (which is in Latin), but it should be noted that his reconstructed text often departs markedly from the manuscripts. Using his extraordinary knowledge of the saints and their hagiography, he felt able to combine different parts of the Hieronymianum's text, and to correct garbled versions of names, to produce a more coherent 'original'. We consider each of his principal suggestions in our Discussion (below), and attempt a judgment as to how plausible they are. In Delehaye's extensive notes there are also other, more tentative, suggestions, which we have not discussed systematically.
The reason the Martyrologium Hieronymianum is such a difficult text is because it consists primarily of long lists of names (with no punctuation and no consistency in the use of capital letters), which were often unfamiliar to copyists and so easily garbled. Generally, we cannot get behind these garbled variants, but occasionally we can, allowing us to shed light on how the text evolved into its current, often confused, state. For instance, an entry for 9 March (E04711) probably originally read something like 'In Armenia minore Sebastia milit(um) XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, at Sebasteia, [the feast of] the Forty Soldiers' - in other words a commemoration of the 'Forty Martyrs of Sebaste' (S00103), prominent saints in the East, but less well-known in the Latin West. In one of our manuscripts (Weissenburg 81) this has become 'In arminia minore sabastiani et milia XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, [the feast of] Sebastianus and the forty-thousand'; somewhere in the process of transmission, the city of Sebasteia has become the martyr Sebastianus, and the 'soldiers' (militum) have become 'thousands' (milia).
Discussion
On 9 August, the early manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum first record the commemoration possibly in Sirmium. Delehaye suggests that the location of the commemoration of Rusticus is not Sirmium, as is written in BnF 10837; he argues that this is the name of another saint, Firmus. Two other manuscripts suggest that *Firmus and Rusticus, (martyrs of Verona, S01487) are commemorated in the East. We consider this identification possible.Delehaye further suggests that the next place of commemoration is possibly not Pergamon but Bergamo (Italy). The saints who are commemorated in this location are: Crescentio/Criscentiana, Tiburtus, Largus, Tiberianus, Annus, Theodorus, Nomidiana, Laudicus, Iulianus, Sixtus/Syxtus, Pulicarpus/Policarpus, Primus, Agatopus, Felicissimus/Felicissemus, Carpofarus/Corporus, and Zemeragdus/Iamaragdus. These saints could be identified together with those recorded in Tuscany according to BnF 10837: Verianus, Marcellianus, Secundianus, Romanus, Largus, Tiberianus, Theodorus, Nomedianus, Laudicus, Iulianus, Paulus, Carpus, Primus, Xystus, Agatopus, Sintinus, Nimidiacus, Ladicus, Iulianus, Felicissimus, Carpoforus, and Zmaragdus.
Crescentio is according to Delehaye *Crescentius, (among Roman martyrs associated with Xystus/Sixtus, Laurence and Hippolytus, S00213), who also has his commemoration on 4 August (E04907). Tiburtus and Tiburtianus/Tiberianus are, in his view, not the names of a saint but they stand for the via Tiburtina. We take this as a possible option, because the name of this saint, Criscentianus, appears later with the group of other saints, *Cyriacus, Smaragdus, Largus and their companions, (martyrs of Rome, S00678). It may be, however, that Tiburtus appears here because he is also commemorated on 11 August (E04915) as *Tiburtius, (son of the prefect Chromatius, martyr of Rome, S01404).
Among the other saints allegedly commemorated in Pergamon, or, according to Delehaye, in Bergamo, which to some extent overlap with the saints commemorated in Tuscany (according to BnF 10837), we identify Largus and Iamaragdus/Zemeragus/Zmaragdus as *Cyriacus, Smaragdus, Largus and their companions, (martyrs of Rome, S00678). Syxtus/Sixtus/Xystus may be *Xystus/Sixtus II, (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00201).
The other saints at Pergamon/Bergamo and Tuscany, namely, Annus, Theodorus, Nomidiana/Nomedianus/Nimidiacus, Laudicus/Ladicus, Iulianus, Policarpus/Pulicarpus/Paulus and Carpus, Primus, Agatopus, Felicissemus/Felicissimus, Corporus/Carpofarus/Carpoforus, Verianus, Marcellianus, Secundianus, Romanus, and Sintinus, are not identified.
Further, the early manuscripts record the commemoration in Alexandria of the following saints: Antoninus, Tonionus/Etonio, Tiburtus/Tiburtinus, Valerianus, Dionisus, Felix, Euticianus, Gagus/Gacus, Meleus, Adisus, Tebacus, Urbanus, Lucus, Manunus, Melchiades, Stephanus, Satirus. Among the saints from Alexandria, Antoninus can be identified as *Antoninus (martyr of Alexandria, S00327).
However, some of the other saints commemorated in Alexandria match with the lost inscription from Rome (see above): Dionisus, Felix, Gagus/Gacus, Meleus/Melciades/Melchiades, Stefanus/Stephanus, Ladicus, Iulianus, Policarpus, Euticianus, Nimidianus, Manunus, Urbanus, and Lucus. It must be this list of saintly names that inspired Delehaye to connect the two records. Some of these saints are also commemorated in Nicomedia according to manuscript Bern 289: Ladicus, Iulianus, Mano, and Policarpus.
The rest of the saints from Alexandria/Nicomedia, Tonionus/Onio/Etonio, Valerianus, Adisus, Tebacus, Mano, and Sanctirus/Satirus, are not identified.
In the manuscripts, a little bit later, there is the commemoration of the burial of a bishop Dionisus in Rome, on the via Appia, in all three manuscripts. The names above, which stay unidentified, as well as this name, led Delehaye to connect this entry to the lost Latin inscription recording the names of the popes, buried in the 'Crypt of the Popes,' and elsewhere in the Cemetery of Callixtus, on the via Appia in Rome, erected by pope Xystus/Sixtus III (432-440). For more information about this inscription, see E04721. The reconstructed list of names in E04721 overlaps with the following names from this entry: Dionisus, Nomidiana/Nomedianus/Nimidiacus, Laudicus/Ladicus, Iulianus, and Policarpus/Pulicarpus.
Manuscripts Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81 records the saints in Coloniacum in Tuscany: Faustinus/Faustinianus, Virianus, Marcellianus/Marcellinus, Secundianus, and Sixtus/Xystus. Some of these names are mentioned above; Faustinus/Faustinianus and Virianus are unidentified.
Manuscripts Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81 record on this date *Martinus, (supposed disciple of Martin of Tours, S01196).
Manuscript Bern 289 records on this date the vigils for *Laurence/Laurentius, (deacon and martyr of Rome, S00037), who is commemorated on 10 August (E04913).
Unidentified saints are listed by us among *Other saints, on 9 August in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Pergamon/Bergamo, Tuscany, Alexandria, and Nicomedia (S03032).
Bibliography
Editions:De Rossi, G. B., and Duchesne, L., Martyrologium Hieronymianum ad finem codicum adiectis prolegomenis. Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.1 (Brussels, 1894).
Quentin, H. and Delehaye, H., Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.2 (Brussels, 1931).
On the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Duchesne, L., "A propos du martyrologe hiéronymien," Analecta Bollandiana 17 (1898), 421-447.
Lapidge, M., The Roman Martyrs. Introduction, Translations, and Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).
Lapidge, M., "Acca of Hexham and the Origin of the Old English Martyrology," Analecta Bollandiana 123 (2005), 29-78.
Lifshitz, F., The Name of the Saint. The Martyrology of Jerome and Access to the Sacred in Francia, 627-827 (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006).
Ó Riain, P., "A Northumbrian Phase in the Formation of the Hieronymian Martyrology. The Evidence of the Martyrology of Tallaght," Analecta Bollandiana 120 (2002), 311-363.
On the manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Butzmann, H., Die Weissenburger Handschriften (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1964), 242-243.
Muller, J. C., "Trois manuscrits liturgiques de l'abbaye d'Echternach à Paris," in Abteistadt Echternach, éd. P. Schritz, A. Hoffmann (Luxembourg, 1981), 202-206.
Ó Cróinín, D., "Rath Melsigi, Willibrord, and the Earliest Echternach Manuscripts," Peritia 3 (1984), 17-49.
Libaert, P., "Notice sur 43 manuscrits d'Echternach conservés à la bibliothèque nationale de Paris," Hémecht 1 (1985), 53-73.
McKitterick, R., Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, Sixth-Ninth Centuries (Aldershot: Variorum, 1994).
On saints and calendars:
Farmer, D. H., Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978).
Nilles, N., Kalendarium Manuale utriusque Ecclesiae Orientalis et Occidentalis I-II (Farnborough: Gregg International Publishers Ltd, 1971).
Watkins, B., The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015).
Datum Table
| BnF 10837 | Bern 289 | Weissenburg 81 | BAV 238 | Other Mss | Quentin | Quentin | Delehaye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V iđ ag̃ in sirmi nat̃ rustici | U ID. AGS. IN ORIENTE. Firmi. Rustici. | U ID. AG. In oriente nat̃ sc̃orū firmi rustici | In Sirmi natale Rustici. | In Oriente Firmi Rustici. | |||
| et pergamo crescentionis tiburti | P(er)moni. Criscentiane. Largi Tiburti. Tiberiani. Anni. Theodori. Nomidiane Laudici. Iuliani Sixti. Pulicarpi. Primi. Sixti. Agatopi. ét aliorū numero XII Felicissimi. Carpofari. Zemeragdi. cū aliis X. | p̱moni criscentianȩ largi tiburti tiberiani anni theodori nomidianȩ laudici iuliani. policarpi primi syxti agatopi et aliorum numero XI. felicissemi corpori iamaragdi cum aliis. X. | et Pergamo Crescentionis Tiburtii. | et Pergamo Crescentionis Largi Tiburti Tiberiani Anni Theodori Nomediani Laudici Iuliani Pauli Carpi Primi Xysti Agatopi et aliorum numero XI Felicissimi Carpofori Zmaragdi cum aliis X. | |||
| IN ALEXANDR. Sc̃orum. Antonini. Etonion. Tiburtini Ualeriani. Dionisi. Felicis. Euticiani Gaci. Melchiadis Stephani. Urbani. Luci. Satiri. | In alexandria nat̃ sc̃orū antonini. et onion tiburtini ualeriani dionisi felicis euticiani gagi melciadis stefani urbani luci mamon sanctiri nimidiani ladici iuliani policarpi | ||||||
| in tuscia veriani marcelliani secundiani romani largi tiberiani theodori nomediani laudici iuliani pauli carpi primi xysti agatopi et aliorum XI sintini nimidiaci ladici iuliani felicissimi carpofori zmaragdi cum alis X | in Tuscia Veriani Marcelliani Secundiani Romani Largi Tiberiani Theodori Nomediani Laudici Iuliani Pauli Carpi Primi Xysti Agatopi et aliorum numero XI Sintini Nimidiaci Ladici Iuliani Felicissimi Carpofori Zmaragdi cum aliis X. | ||||||
| NICOMEDIA. Ladici. Iuliani. Manon. It. Policarpi. sc̃orum. | |||||||
| in alāx antonini et tonioni tiburti valeriani dionisi felicis euticiani gagi melei adisi tebaci urbani luci manuni | in Alexandria sanctorum Antonini et Tonioni Tiburti Valeriani Dionisi Felicis Euticiani Gagi Melchiadis Stefani Urbani Luci Manuni | in Alexandria sanctorum Antonini et Tonioni Tiburti Valeriani Dionisi Felicis Euticiani Gagi Melchiadis Stefani Urbani Luci Satiri Nimidiani Ladici Iuliani Manon item Policarpi. | in Alexandria Antonini. | ||||
| rom̄ caelesti dionisi ep̃i faustiniani | ROME In cimi.terio. Calesti. UIA APPIA. Depositio. dionisi ep̃i | Rom̄ in cimit̃ dep̃ dionisi ep̃i | Romae in cimiterio Calesti via Appia depositio Dionisi episcopi. | Romae in cimiterio Calesti via Appia depositio Dionisi episcopi. | 〈Romae via〉 Tiburtina Romani. Romae in cimiterio Callisti via Appia Xysti, Dionisii, Felicis, Euticiani, Gai, Melciadis, Stephani, Urbani, Lucii, Manon, Anteri, Numidiani, Laudicii, Iuliani, Policarpi. | ||
| ET IN COLO(N)NI. Tusciae UIA AURELIA miliario XV. Faustini. Uiriani. Marcelliani. Secundiani et sixti. | et in colonia nat̃ sc̃orum faustini uiriani marcellini secundiani. xysti | et in Colonia Tusciae via Aurelia miliario XV Faustiniani Viriani Marcelliani Secundiani Syxti. | et in Colonia Tusciae via Aurelia miliario XV Faustiniani Viriani Marcelliani Secundiani Syxti. | ||||
| Et in URBE LEMOuix. Sc̃i martini. briuinsi. | In urbe lemouix sc̃i martini briuinsis | et in urbe Lemovix sancti Martini Brivinsi. | in urbe Lemovix sancti Martini Brivensis. | ||||
| et uigł Sc̃i. Laurenti cū ieiunio p̃ueniente. |
Record Created By
Marijana Vukovic
Date of Entry
16/08/2022
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00037 | Laurence/Laurentius, deacon and martyr of Rome | Laurentus | Certain | S00201 | Xystus/Sixtus II, bishop and martyr of Rome | Sixtus/Syxtus/Xystus | Certain | S00213 | Roman martyrs associated with Xystus/Sixtus, Laurence and Hippolytus | Crescentio/Criscentiana | Uncertain | S00327 | Antoninos, martyr of Alexandria | Antoninus | Certain | S00678 | Cyriacus, Smaragdus, Largus and their companions, martyrs of Rome | Largus; Iamaragdus/Zemeragus/Zmaragdus | Certain | S01196 | Martinus, saint of the Limousin, 'disciple of Martin of Tours' | Martinus | Certain | S01404 | Tiburtius, son of the prefect Chromatius, martyr of Rome, buried on the via Labicana | Tiburtus/Tiburtianus/Tiberianus | Uncertain | S01487 | Firmus and Rusticus, martyrs of Verona | Sirmus/Firmus; Rusticus | Uncertain | S03032 | Other saints, on 9 August in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Pergamon/Bergamo, Tuscany, Alexandria, and Nicomedia | Annus; Theodorus; Nomidiana/Nomedianus/Nimidiacus; Laudicus/Ladicus; Iulianus; Policarpus/Pulicarpus/Paulus; Carpus; Primus; Agatopus; Felicissemus/Felicissimus; Corporus/Carpofarus/Carpoforus; Verianus; Marcellianus; Secundianus; Romanus; Sintinus; Tonionus/Onio/Etonio; Valerianus; Adisus; Tebacus; Mano; Sanctirus/Satirus; Faustinus/Faustinianus; Virianus | Certain |
|---|
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