Gregory the Great in a papal letter (Register 9.171) of 599, to Romanus, defensor of the papal patrimony in Sicily, mentions a monastery dedicated to *Erasmus (bishop of Antioch and martyr of Formia, S00867), *Maximus (probably the bishop of Naples, ob. c. 361, S02171) and *Juliana (martyr of Nicomedia, buried at Pozzuoli/Cumae, S01162) in Naples (southern Italy), and a hostel dedicated to *Theodore (soldier and martyr of Amaseia and Euchaita, S00480), probably in Palermo (Sicily). Written in Latin in Rome.
Evidence ID
E06401
Type of Evidence
Literary - Letters
Major author/Major anonymous work
Gregory the Great (pope)
Pope Gregory the Great, Register of Letters 9.171
The opening of a letter relating to the will of the noblewoman Alexandria:
Fuscus abbas monasterii sanctorum Erasmi, Maximi atque Iulianae, quod Neapolim ab Alexandria clarissimae memoriae femina, sicut nosti, fundatum est, quae etiam et heredem instituit, massam Papyrianensem, quae illic in Sicilia sita est, cum xenodochio sancti Theodori suprascriptum monasterium suum asserit habere communem.
‘Fuscus, abbot of the monastery of Saints Erasmus, Maximus and Juliana, that was founded in Naples by Alexandria, a woman of most illustrious memory, as you know, who also appointed it her heir, asserts that his aforesaid monastery owns the estate of Papyriana situated there in Sicily, in common with the hostel of Saint Theodore.’
Text: Norberg 1982, vol. 2, 727-8.
Translation: Martyn 2004, vol. 2, 650.
Cult PlacesCult building - monastic
Non Liturgical Activity
Cult building - monastic
Cult building - secondary installation (fountain, pilgrims’ hostel)
Non Liturgical ActivityConstruction of cult buildings
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesWomen
Source
Gregory's Register is a collection of some 854 of his letters as pope, collected into 14 books (each book representing an indictional year of his pontificate, from 1 September to 31 August) of varied length and deriving from the file-copies that were made in Rome and kept in the papal archive. The original copies survived into the 9th century, but were subsequently lost. From the late 8th century onwards, however, because of the exceptional stature that Gregory had by then attained, various collections were assembled from the original copies (the largest under Pope Hadrian I at the end of the 8th century), and these constitute the Register as we have it today.The Register does not contain all the letters that Gregory despatched as pope, since some whose text survives refer to others which are lost; but the collection we have is unique from the late antique period, and only matched in quantity and range of subjects by the registers of high-medieval popes. Recipients range from papal administrators, through prominent churchmen and aristocrats, to kings and the imperial family, and treat a wide variety of topics, from the mundane administrative affairs of the papal patrimony to deep theological and moral considerations.
For the cult of saints, there is much that is of interest in the letters, but two particular concentrations of evidence stand out. The first is a clutch of around a dozen letters that mention requests for relics from Rome, or that accompanied small personal relics as gifts to influential correspondents. The second concentration of evidence relates to the dedications of churches and other ecclesiastical institutions in southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. Because the papacy owned extensive estates in these regions, and exercised particular authority there, many of Gregory's letters mention churches and other ecclesiastical institutions by the name of the saint to whom they were dedicated, thereby providing us with a rich panorama of the spread of both local and imported saintly cults.
Gregory's Register has been the subject of two substantial critical editions: the first by Ewald and Hartmann for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica; the second by Dag Norberg for Corpus Christianorum. The numbering of the letters is often the same in both editions, but it can differ, because Norberg removed letters (and other passages) that appear to have been added at a later date to the original Register, assigning them instead to Appendices. We have used Norberg's numbering, which is that now generally used.
(Bryan Ward-Perkins)
Discussion
The xenodochium of Theodore may well be the institution in Palermo, mentioned in Gregory, Register 9.35 (see E06386).Fuscus and the monastery in Naples dedicated to Maximus, Erasmus and Juliana are also mentioned in another of Gregory’s letters ($E06402). It is not entirely clear who the Saint Maximus of the dedication was; but the most likely candidate is Maximus, fourth-century bishop of Naples, who died in c. 361 (S02171). Erasmus and Juliana both had established cult in Campania.
Bibliography
Edition:Ewald, P. and L.M. Hartmann (eds), Gregorii I papae Registrum epistolarum, 2 vols. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae I and II, Berlin 1891 and 1899).
Norberg, D., S. Gregorii Magni, Registrum epistularum. 2 vols. (Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 140-140A; Turnhout: Brepols, 1982).
English translation:
Martyn, J.R.C., The Letters of Gregory the Great, 3 vols. (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2004).
Further Reading:
Neil, B., and Dal Santo, M. (eds.), A Companion to Gregory the Great (Leiden: Brill, 2013).
Record Created By
Frances Trzeciak
Date of Entry
12/12/2020
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00867 | Erasmus, bishop of Antioch and martyr of Formia | Erasmus | Certain | S01162 | Iuliana/Juliana, martyr of Nicomedia, buried at Pozzuoli/Cumae | Iuliana | Certain | S02171 | Maximus, bishop of Naples, ob. c. 361 | Maximus | Uncertain |
|---|
Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Frances Trzeciak, Cult of Saints, E06401 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E06401