The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 21 January.
Evidence ID
E04617
Type of Evidence
Liturgical texts - Calendars and martyrologies
Major author/Major anonymous work
Martyrologium Hieronymianum
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum is preserved in a number of early manuscripts which share much in common, but also diverge, making it impossible to reconstruct from them a single authoritative text. Below, we therefore offer separate English translations of each important early manuscript. By clicking 'Latin Text' (above), you can view these different versions in their original Latin, set side-by-side for ease of comparison, with also the editions and interpretations of the text suggested by the scholars Quentin and Delehaye. For a full discussion of the Martyrologium, click 'Discussion/Bibliography.'
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum commemorates on 21 January the following feasts:
*Agnes, virgin and martyr of Rome, (S00097),
*Fructuosus, Augurius and Eulogius, martyrs of Tarragona, (S00496),
*Leontios, martyr of Nicomedia, (S00953),
*Kyriakos, Cendeus, Vitus, Florus, and Felix, martyrs of Nicomedia, (S00954),
*Patroclus, martyr of Troyes (Gaul), (S00346),
The burial of *Avitus, bishop of Clermont, ob. c. 594 (S02881),
Possibly *Vincent/Vincentius, deacon and martyr of Zaragoza and Valencia, (S00290),
Perhaps *Saturus and Mamas, martyrs in Nicomedia, and companions of Titus and Parilōs, (S00957),
*Vitalis, martyr of Spoleto (Italy), (S01917),
*Other saints, on 21 January in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Rome, Nicomedia, Africa, and 'elsewhere' (S02256).
BnF 10837:
'On the twelfth day before the Kalends [of February], in Rome, [the feast of] virgin Agna, Felix, Fructuosus, Celsianus, Celianus, Augorus, Marcialis, again Felix, Cendeus, Vitus, Florus, Leontus, Cyriacus, Fustacus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] Eustasus.
In Africa, [the feast of] Solutaris, Hermes.
In Spain, in the city of Racora, [the feast of] Fructuosus, Augorus, Eulogia, Dacus.
In Troyes, [the feast of] Patroclus.
In the Auvergne, [the feast of] the burial of bishop Avitus.
Elsewhere, [the feast of] Saturninus, Quintinus, Marinus, Datius, Saturus, Gaddianus, Celianus, Zabulus, Mammar, Vincentia, Rogatus, Victor, Reposita, Primus, Lucus, Maulinus, Honoratus, Macusus, Secundus, Castinus, Gaius, Caelestinus, bishop Ermes, and Puplus, Vincentus.
In the city of Spoleto, [the feast of] Vitalis.'
Bern 289:
'On the twelfth day before the Kalends of February, the feast of Felix, martyr Fructuosus, Celsio, Fulogus, Caeciliana, Augurius, Marcialis, again Felix, Vitus, Candeus, Flora, Leontus, Ciriacus, Faustacus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] Eostasus confessor.
In Africa, [the feast of] Solutor, Hermes.
In Spain, in the city of Tarragona, the passion of bishop Fructuosus, [and] of Augurus and Elogius, deacons and martyrs.
In Troyes (Gaul), the passion of the martyr Patroclus.
In Auvergne (Gaul), the burial of the blessed bishop Avitus.
[The feast of] Saturninus, Quintus, Marinus, Datius, Saturus, Gaddianus, Caelianus, Zabullius, Mamas, Vincentus, Arogatus, Victur, Reposita, Primus, Lucius, Maiulinus, Honoratus, Marcusus, Secundus, Castinus, Gagus, Caelestinus, bishop Ermes, and Publus.
In Rome, the passion of the virgin Agnes.'
Weissenburg 81:
'On the twelfth day before the Kalends of February, in Rome, the passion of virgin Agnes. The feast of Felix, Fructuosus, Celsio, Fulogica, Ciciliana, Augeria, Marcialis, again Felix, Vitus, Candeus, Florus, Leontus, Cyriacus, Faustacus.
In Nicomedia, [the feast of] Eostasus confessor.
In Africa, [the feast of] Salutor and Metis.
In Spain, in the city of Tarragona, the passion of bishop Fructuosus, [and] of Augurus and Eologius, deacons.
In Troyes, the passion of the martyr Patroclus.
In the Auvergne, the burial of bishop Avitus.
[The feast of] Saturninus, Quintus, Marinus, Dacius, Satirus, Gaddianus, Celianus, Zabulius, Mammas, Vincentus, Arogatus, Victor, Reposita, Primus, Lucius, Maiulinus, Honoratus, Marcusus, Secundus, Castinus, Gagus, Celestinus, presbyter Ermes, and Publus.'
Quentin follows the early manuscripts for the most part.
Delehaye sticks fairly close to the early manuscripts, while suggesting some emendations.
Translation and comments: M. Vukovic.
Festivals
Saint’s feast
Cult PlacesBurial site of a saint - unspecified
RelicsBodily relic - entire body
Source
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum ('Martyrology of Jerome'), is the oldest extensive martyrology of the Latin West, listing the feast days of the saints for the entire calendar year, generally also specifying where their feasts are held (which is normally their place of burial). It derives its name from prefatory letters copied at the start of the martyrology, which attribute the text to the Church Father, Jerome of Stridon (ob. 420). These letters are present in all the earliest manuscripts, but it is uncertain when they were first attached to the text. The Hieronymianum is the primary source of all later martyrologies of the Latin world.It is universally accepted that the attribution to Jerome, intended to give the text greater authority, is false, and the predominant scholarly view is that the first version of the martyrology was compiled in northern Italy during the 5th century (probably in Aquileia), though no manuscript of this Aquileian redaction has survived. The text was then evidently revised and added to in Gaul, probably in Burgundy, around AD 600. The north Italian origin of the text, and its Gallic revision, are deduced from the presence in the martyrology of saints from northern Italy, and then of saints from Frankish Gaul. This Gallic version (sometimes referred to as the recensio gallica), just like its north Italian predecessor, does not survive in its original form in any manuscript (Lifshitz 2006, 14).
At some point in the 7th century, and no later than the early 8th, the Martyrologium reached Northumbria (in northern Britain), where it underwent some further revision and additions (Lapidge 2005, 45-46). From Northumbria, the text returned to the continent in the 8th century, and it is here that the earliest surviving manuscript copies were made, as listed below (Lapidge 2005, 73).
Some of the sources that were used by the compilers of the Martyrologium in northern Italy, and subsequently in Gaul, can be identified: the so-called Chronography of 354, a mid-4th-century list from Rome of saintly commemorations, primarily of local martyrs (E010151 and E01052); a lost Greek martyrology compiled at Nicomedia around 360 (drawn basically from Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History and Martyrs of Palestine), which was also a prime source for the Syriac Martyrology of 411 (E00465); the African Calendar of Carthage of 505/535 (E02195 - E02205); and early local calendars from Aquileia and Auxerre (Lifshitz 2006, 20).
The four earliest manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum (three of them complete, one a fragment), on which all editions, including our own, are based, are all from eastern Francia and were copied in the eighth and early ninth centuries. They are as follows:
Ms Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), lat. 10837
Written in the abbey of Echternach (in present-day Luxembourg) by a single scribe, Laurentius, between 703 and 710 (Lifshitz 2006, 32). The Catalogue of the BnF, which publishes BnF lat. 10837 on-line, also provides brief information about the dating: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6001113z/f22.image (click Information). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 2r-32v.
Ms Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Weissenburg 81
From the abbey of Weissenburg in Alsace. Dated to around 800 by the Wolfenbüttel on-line catalogue: http://diglib.hab.de/?db=mss&list=ms&id=81-weiss&lang=en. Lifshitz argues that the manuscript dates from around 772, and was written in the Carolingian royal sphere, in or around Maastrict (Lifshitz 2006, 4). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 7r-103r.
Ms Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Bongars 289
From the abbey of Saint-Avold, near Metz. De Rossi and Duchesne, in the introduction to their edition, argue that Bern 289 must have been written after 766. The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 53v-129v. This manuscript is not yet available on line, but we have been able to check it through a microfilm.
Ms Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 238
From the abbey of Lorsch, near Worms. The manuscript contains only a fragment (five pages) of the Hieronymianum, covering 25 December to 3 January, and 27 January to 31 January, written in Lorsch in the first half of the 9th century: http://bibliotheca-laureshamensis-digital.de/bav/bav_pal_lat_238). The fragment is at fol. 74-75, 1-2.
The standard edition of 1894, by G. B. de Rossi and L. Duchesne, published these four manuscripts in parallel columns. In 1931, H. Quentin produced a new edition, with a commentary by H. Delehaye, which attempted to collate the different manuscript readings into a single text.
Even though all the early manuscripts are believed to descend from the same redaction, they are by no means identical. In particular, BnF lat. 10837, the earliest of all, often contains a text which differs markedly from Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81, which are much closer to each other. Because the text varies between manuscripts, in content as well as spelling, it is now universally agreed that it will never be possible to create an 'authoritative' single text of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum. De Rossi and Duchesne in 1894, facing the same problem, decided to print for each day of the year the text of all four early manuscripts, in four columns, and we have followed their lead. Our edition is essentially based on their edition, though we have checked their readings against the manuscripts, and corrected or removed some letters, words, diacritical marks, and comments introduced by the editors that do not exist in the manuscripts. We have then added three more columns: for Quentin’s text for the feast day, which sometimes comes in one version, sometimes in two, and for Delehaye’s reconstruction of much of the text, drawn from his Commentary. Delehaye's erudition was, and remains, unmatched, and we have leaned heavily on his commentary (which is in Latin), but it should be noted that his reconstructed text often departs markedly from the manuscripts. Using his extraordinary knowledge of the saints and their hagiography, he felt able to combine different parts of the Hieronymianum's text, and to correct garbled versions of names, to produce a more coherent 'original'. We consider each of his principal suggestions in our Discussion (below), and attempt a judgment as to how plausible they are. In Delehaye's extensive notes there are also other, more tentative, suggestions, which we have not discussed systematically.
The reason the Martyrologium Hieronymianum is such a difficult text is because it consists primarily of long lists of names (with no punctuation and no consistency in the use of capital letters), which were often unfamiliar to copyists and so easily garbled. Generally, we cannot get behind these garbled variants, but occasionally we can, allowing us to shed light on how the text evolved into its current, often confused, state. For instance, an entry for 9 March (E04711) probably originally read something like 'In Armenia minore Sebastia milit(um) XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, at Sebasteia, [the feast of] the Forty Soldiers' - in other words a commemoration of the 'Forty Martyrs of Sebaste' (S00103), prominent saints in the East, but less well-known in the Latin West. In one of our manuscripts (Weissenburg 81) this has become 'In arminia minore sabastiani et milia XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, [the feast of] Sebastianus and the forty-thousand'; somewhere in the process of transmission, the city of Sebasteia has become the martyr Sebastianus, and the 'soldiers' (militum) have become 'thousands' (milia).
Discussion
All three early manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum open their record for 21 January with commemorations in Rome: manuscripts BnF 10837 and Weissenburg 81 mention first of all *Agnes (virgin and martyr of Rome, S00097), Weissenburg 81 specifying that it is the day of her passion. Bern 289, however, records her only at the end of its entry (in a gloss). 21 January also appears in the early fifth-century Calendar of Carthage as the date of commemoration of Agnes (E02204).All the manuscripts then record a list of martyrs, Bern 289 not specifying where they are commemorated, whereas BnF 10837 and Weissenburg 81 place them immediately after Agnes, and so imply their commemoration is in Rome: Felix, Fructuosus, Celsianus/Celsio, Fulogus/ Fulogica (omitted from BnF 10837), Celianus/Caeciliana/Ciciliana, Augorus/Augurius/Augeria, Marcialis, again Felix, Cendeus/Candeus, Vitus, Florus/Flora, Leontus, Cyriacus/Ciriacus and Fustacus/Faustacus.
Fructuosus, Fulogus, and Augurius can confidently be identified as the Spanish martyrs *Fructuosus, Eulogius and Auguris (bishop and his two deacons, martyrs of Tarragona, S00496). As we will see, all three are recorded a second time lower down on this same day. How they come to appear here, possibly 'in Rome', mixed in with other martyrs, is unclear. Similarly, Delehaye convincingly argues that Felix, Cendeus/Candeus, Vitus, Florus/Flora, Leontus, and Cyriacus/Ciriacus are the same six martyrs of Nicomedia as are commemorated the day before (E04616): *Leontios (S00953), and *Kyriakos, Cendeus, Vitus, Florus, and Felix (S00954). Delehaye argues, reasonably enough, that they have somehow strayed here from the next entry, with its record of commemorations in Nicomedia.
None of the remaining five saints from this list 'in Rome' can be identified with any confidence: Celsianus/Celsio, Celianus/Ciciliana/Caeciliana, Marcialis, a second Felix, and Fustacus/Faustacus.
All three manuscripts of the Martyrologium then record commemoration in Nicomedia of a certain Eustasus/Eostasus, who is described as a confessor in Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81. As Delehaye rightly points out, he is very unlikely to be Eustasius, the second abbot of Luxeuil, ob. 629 (S02255), here misplaced in Nicomedia, because he has a feast day in the Hieronymianum on 2 April (E04757)
The two saints saints commemorated in all three manuscripts in Africa - Solutor/Solutar/Salutor and Hermes/Meres - are also not identifiable.
The three saints commemorated in Spain, at Tarragona - Fructuosus, Augorus/Augurus and Eulogia/Alogius/Eologius - are readily identified as *Fructuosus, Eulogius and Auguris, a bishop and his two deacons, martyrs of Tarragona (S00496), Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81, indeed, specify that Fructuosus was a bishop, and Augurus and Eologius deacons (the text of BnF 10837, however, confuses diac(onorum)/'deacons' for a name,'Daci'). These three martyrs are well-known, particularly through Prudentius' poem Peristephanon VI (E00897)
All three early manuscript then record commemoration in Troyes (north-east Gaul) of *Patroclus (martyr of Troyes, S00346), Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81 specifying that this is the feast of his passion.
All three manuscripts also record on this date the burial of *Avitus, (bishop of Clermont, ob. c. 594, S02881) in Clermont (central Gaul).
All three manuscripts then record a long list of names, BnF 10837 saying that their commemoration was 'elsewhere' (alibi), while Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81 simply do not say where it was: Saturninus, Quintinus/Quintus, Marinus, Datius/Dacius, Saturus, Gaddianus, Celianus/Caelianus, Zabulus/Zabullius, Mammar/Mamas, Vincentia/Vincentus, Rogatus/Arogatus, Victor/Victur, Reposita, Primus, Lucus/Lucius, Maulinus/Maiulinus, Honoratus, Macusus/Marcusus, Secundus, Castinus, Gaius/Gagus, Caelestinus/Celestinus, Ermes (described as a bishop in BnF 10837 and Bern 289; as a presbyter in Weissenburg 81), Puplus/Publus, and Vincentus (the latter only in BnF 10837). None of these martyrs can be identified with any confidence. Delehaye believes that Saturus/Satirus and Mammarus/Mammas/Mamas, could be *Saturus and Mamas, (martyrs of Nicomedia, and companions of Titus and Parilos, S00957), who are commemorated in the Syriac Martyrology on 25 January (E01414), and that their commemoration was once attributed to Nicomedia - but this identification is tenuous. However, Vincentus, who appears at the end of the list in BnF 10837 alone, could well be *Vincent/Vincentius, the well-known martyr of Zaragoza and Valencia (S00290), since he is reliably recorded in the Hieronymianum on the next day, 22 January (E04618).
Fianlly, BnF 10837 alone records the commemoration in Spoleto (central Italy) of *Vitalis, (martyr of Spoleto, S01917), whose feast day is otherwise 14 February (E04678).
All unidentified saints are listed by us among *Other saints, on 21 January in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Rome, Nicomedia, Africa, and 'elsewhere' (S02256).
Bibliography
Editions:De Rossi, G. B., and Duchesne, L., Martyrologium Hieronymianum ad finem codicum adiectis prolegomenis. Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.1 (Brussels, 1894).
Quentin, H. and Delehaye, H., Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.2 (Brussels, 1931).
On the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Duchesne, L., "A propos du martyrologe hiéronymien," Analecta Bollandiana 17 (1898), 421-447.
Lapidge, M., The Roman Martyrs. Introduction, Translations, and Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).
Lapidge, M., "Acca of Hexham and the Origin of the Old English Martyrology," Analecta Bollandiana 123 (2005), 29-78.
Lifshitz, F., The Name of the Saint. The Martyrology of Jerome and Access to the Sacred in Francia, 627-827 (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006).
Ó Riain, P., "A Northumbrian Phase in the Formation of the Hieronymian Martyrology. The Evidence of the Martyrology of Tallaght," Analecta Bollandiana 120 (2002), 311-363.
On the manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Butzmann, H., Die Weissenburger Handschriften (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1964), 242-243.
Muller, J. C., "Trois manuscrits liturgiques de l'abbaye d'Echternach à Paris," in Abteistadt Echternach, éd. P. Schritz, A. Hoffmann (Luxembourg, 1981), 202-206.
Ó Cróinín, D., "Rath Melsigi, Willibrord, and the Earliest Echternach Manuscripts," Peritia 3 (1984), 17-49.
Libaert, P., "Notice sur 43 manuscrits d'Echternach conservés à la bibliothèque nationale de Paris," Hémecht 1 (1985), 53-73.
McKitterick, R., Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, Sixth-Ninth Centuries (Aldershot: Variorum, 1994).
On saints and calendars:
Farmer, D. H., Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978).
Nilles, N., Kalendarium Manuale utriusque Ecclesiae Orientalis et Occidentalis I-II (Farnborough: Gregg International Publishers Ltd, 1971).
Watkins, B., The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015).
Datum Table
| BnF 10837 | Bern 289 | Weissenburg 81 | BAV 238 | Other Mss | Quentin | Quentin | Delehaye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XII kł rom̄ scae agnae virginis felicis fructuosi celsiani celiani augori marcialis It̃ felicis cendei viti flori leonti cyriaci fustaci | XII KL. FEB. Natale felicis Fructuosi. mart̃ Celsionis Fulogi Caeciliane. Augurii. Marcialis. It. Felicis. Uiti. Candei. Flore Leonti. Ciriaci. Faustaci. | XII KL. FEBROARIUS Romȩ passio agnetis virg̃ Natł felicis fructuosi celsionis fulogicȩ ciciliane augeriȩ marcialis Item felicis. viti candei flori leonti cyriaci faustaci | Romae sanctae Agnae virginis. Natale Felicis Fructuosi Celsiani Fulogi Celiani Augori Marcialis item Felicis Cendei Viti Flori Leonti Cyriaci Fustaci. | Romae passio sanctae Agnetis virginis. Natale Felicis Fructuosi Celsiani Fulogi Celiani Augori Marcialis item Felicis Cendei Viti Flori Leonti Cyriaci Fustaci. | Romae via Nomentana passio sanctae Agnae virginis. | ||
| nicom̄ eustasi | Nicomedia. Eostasi. coñfessoris. | Nicomedia eostasi conf̃ | Nicomedia Eustasi confessoris. | Nicomedia Eustasi confessoris. | Nicomedia Felicis, Cendei, Viti, Flori, Leonti, Cyriaci. | ||
| in af̃f solutaris hermetis | In africa. Solutoris. hermetis. | In affrica salutoris et metis. | in Africa Solutoris Hermetis. | in Africa Solutoris Hermetis. | --------------- | ||
| spania civĩ racora sc̃or fructuosi augori eulogiae daci | In hispanis. ciuitate. taracona. passio sc̃orum. Fructuosi. ep̃i. Auguri. et elogii diaconor̃ et martyr̃m | In hispaniis civitate taracona pas̃ sc̃orum fructuosi ep̃i. Auguri et eologii diac̃ | in Spania civitate Taracona passio sanctorum Fructuosi episcopi Augori et Eulogii diaconi. | in Spania civitate Taracona passio sanctorum Fructuosi episcopi Augori et Eulogii diaconi. | in Spania civitate Taracona passio sanctorum Fructuosi episcopi, Auguri et Eulogii diaconorum. | ||
| trecas sc̃i patrocli | Trecas. passio sc̃i patrocli martyr | Trecas pas̃ sc̃i patrocli martyris | Trecas passio sancti Patrocli martyris. | Trecas passio sancti Patrocli martyris. | Trecas passio sancti Patrocli martyris. | ||
| arvernius depos̃ aviti ep̃i | Arvernus deposit̃ beati auiti ep̃i. | Arvernus depos̃ beati aviti ep̃i. | Arvernus depositio beati Aviti episcopi. | Arvernus depositio beati Aviti episcopi. | Arvernis depositio beati Aviti episcopi. | ||
| alibi saturnini quintini marini datii saturi gaddiani celiani zabuli mammar vincentiae rogati victoris repositae primi luci maulini honorati macusi secundi castini gai caelestini ermis ep̃i et pupli vincenti | Saturnini. quinti. marini. datii Saturi. Gaddiani. Caeliani. Zabullii. Mamas. Uincenti Arogati. Uicturis. Repositae. primi. Lucii. Maiulini. Honorati. Marcusi. Secundi. Castini. Gagi. Caelestini. Ermis ep̃i et publi ∵ | Saturnini. quinti marini dacii satiri. Gaddiani celiani zabullii mammas vincenti. arogati. victoris repositẽ primi lucii. maiulini honorati. marcusi secundi castini. gagi celestini ermis prƀri et publi. | alibi Saturnini Quintini Marini Datii Saturi Gaddiani Celiani Zabuli Mammas Vincentiae Rogati Victoris Repositae Primi Luci Maiulini Honorati Marcusi Secundi Castini Gai Caelestini Ermis episcopi et Publi. | alibi Saturnini Quintini Marini Datii Saturi Gaddiani Celiani Zabuli Mammas Vincentiae Rogati Victoris Repositae Primi Luci Maiulini Honorati Marcusi Secundi Castini Gai Caelestini Ermis episcopi et Publi. | 〈in Nicomedia〉 Saturi 〈et〉 Mammaei. | ||
| spoliti civĩ vitalis | ---------------- | --------------- | Spoleti civitate Vitalis. | ||||
| Rom pas sce agnetis virgin |
Record Created By
Marijana Vukovic
Date of Entry
13/01/2021
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00097 | Agnes, virgin and martyr of Rome | Agna/Agnes | Certain | S00290 | Vincentius/Vincent, deacon and martyr of Zaragoza and Valencia | Vincentus | Uncertain | S00346 | Patroclus, martyr of Troyes | Patroclus | Certain | S00496 | Fructuosus, Auguris and Eulogius, bishop and his two deacons, martyrs of Tarragona | Fructuosus; Fulogica/Fulogus/Eulogia/Elogius/Eologius; Augorus/Augeria/Augurius/Augurus | Certain | S00953 | Leontios, martyr of Nicomedia | Leontus | Certain | S00954 | Kyriakos, Cendeus, Vitus, Florus and Felix, martyrs of Nicomedia | Felix; Cendeus/Candeus; Vitus; Florus/Flora; Cyriacus/Ciriacus | Certain | S00957 | Titus, Parilos, Saturus and Mamas, martyrs in Nicomedia | Saturus/Satirus; Mammarus/Mammas/Mamas | Uncertain | S01917 | Vitalis and companions, martyrs of Spoleto | Vitalis | Certain | S02256 | Other saints, on 21 January in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Rome, Nicomedia, Africa, and 'elsewhere' | Celsianus/Celsio; Fustacus/Faustacus; Solutor; Hermes; Saturninus; Quintinus/Quintus; Marinus; Datius/Dacius; Gaddianus; Celianus/Caelianus; Zabulus/Zabullius; Vincentia/Vincentus; Rogatus/Arogatus; Victor/Victur; Reposita; Lucus/Lucius; Maulinus/Maiulinus; Honoratus; Macusus/Marcusus; Secundus; Castinus; Gaius/Gagus; Caelestinus/Celestinus; Ermis; Puplus/Publus; Eustasus/Eostasus | Certain | S02881 | Avitus, bishop of Clermont, ob. c. 594 | Avitus | Certain |
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