The 6th/7th c. recension of the Latin Martyrologium Hieronymianum, as transmitted in 8th c. manuscripts, records the feasts of a number of saints on 17 June.
Evidence ID
E04854
Type of Evidence
Liturgical texts - Calendars and martyrologies
Major author/Major anonymous work
Martyrologium Hieronymianum
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum is preserved in a number of early manuscripts which share much in common, but also diverge, making it impossible to reconstruct from them a single authoritative text. Below, we therefore offer separate English translations of each important early manuscript. By clicking 'Latin Text' (above), you can view these different versions in their original Latin, set side-by-side for ease of comparison, with also the editions and interpretations of the text suggested by the scholars Quentin and Delehaye. For a full discussion of the Martyrologium, click 'Discussion/Bibliography.'
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum commemorates on 17 June the following feasts:
*Blastus, martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria, (S00476),
*Diogenes, martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria (S00475),
Perhaps *Kyrikos/Cyricus, child and martyr of Tarsus, together with his mother Ioulitta/Julitta, (S00007),
*Nicander, martyr and officer at Silistra (Bulgaria), and companion of Marcian, (S01978),
Perhaps *Nicander, saint of Rome, (S00788),
*Hesychius, martyr at Durostorum on the Danube and companion of Julius, (S02416),
*Cantius, Cantianus and Cantianilla, martyrs of Aquileia, (S01552),
Perhaps *Dioskoridēs, presbyter and martyr in Alexandria, (S01063),
*Dioscorides, perhaps among *Other saints, on 18 May in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Alexandria, Constantinople, and elsewhere, (S02385),
*Avitus, abbot in Le Perche (central Gaul) and confessor of Orléans, ob. c. AD 525, (S01307),
*Other saints, on 17 June in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Alexandria, Rome, and Aquileia (S02708).
BnF 10837:
'On the fifteenth day before the Kalends of July, in Rome, [the feast of] Cyriacus, Blastus, Diogenes, Nicander.
In Durostorum (Silistra, lower Danube), [the feast of] Iusicus.
In Aquileia, [the feast of] Cantianus.
In Alexandria, [the feast of] Dioscorus, and Marinus.
In Aquileia, [the feast of] Geria, Musca, Valeriana, Maria.
In Orléans, [the feast of] priest Avitus.'
Bern 289:
'On the fifteenth day before the Kalends of July, in Rome, at seven doves, on the via Salaria vetus, [the feast of] Quiriacus, Blastinus, Gandriena.
In Dorostorum (lower Danube), [the feast of] Ysicus.
In Aquileia, [the feast of] Cantus, Cantianus, and Cantiana.
In Alexandria, [the feast of] Dioscorus and Marinus martyr.
In Rome, [the feast of] Diogenes.
In Aquileia, [the feast of] Cyria, Musca, Valerianus, Maria.
In the city Orléans (Gaul), [the feast of] priest Avitus.'
Weissenburg 81:
'On the fifteenth day before the Kalends of July, in Rome, [the feast of] Quiriacus, Blastus, Nicander, Ena.
In Dorostorum (lower Danube), [the feast of] Isicus.
In Aquileia, [the feast of] Cantus, Cantianus, and Cantiana.
In Alexandria, [the feast of] Dioscorus and Marinus martyr.
In Rome, [the feast of] Diogenes.
In Aquileia, [the feast of] Cyria, Musca, Valeriana, Maria.
In the city of Orléans, [the feast of] priest Avitus.'
Quentin carefully follows the early manuscripts.
Delehaye follows the early manuscripts to some extent.
Translation and comments: M. Vukovic.
Festivals
Saint’s feast
Cult PlacesBurial site of a saint - cemetery/catacomb
Source
The Martyrologium Hieronymianum ('Martyrology of Jerome'), is the oldest extensive martyrology of the Latin West, listing the feast days of the saints for the entire calendar year, generally also specifying where their feasts are held (which is normally their place of burial). It derives its name from prefatory letters copied at the start of the martyrology, which attribute the text to the Church Father, Jerome of Stridon (ob. 420). These letters are present in all the earliest manuscripts, but it is uncertain when they were first attached to the text. The Hieronymianum is the primary source of all later martyrologies of the Latin world.It is universally accepted that the attribution to Jerome, intended to give the text greater authority, is false, and the predominant scholarly view is that the first version of the martyrology was compiled in northern Italy during the 5th century (probably in Aquileia), though no manuscript of this Aquileian redaction has survived. The text was then evidently revised and added to in Gaul, probably in Burgundy, around AD 600. The north Italian origin of the text, and its Gallic revision, are deduced from the presence in the martyrology of saints from northern Italy, and then of saints from Frankish Gaul. This Gallic version (sometimes referred to as the recensio gallica), just like its north Italian predecessor, does not survive in its original form in any manuscript (Lifshitz 2006, 14).
At some point in the 7th century, and no later than the early 8th, the Martyrologium reached Northumbria (in northern Britain), where it underwent some further revision and additions (Lapidge 2005, 45-46). From Northumbria, the text returned to the continent in the 8th century, and it is here that the earliest surviving manuscript copies were made, as listed below (Lapidge 2005, 73).
Some of the sources that were used by the compilers of the Martyrologium in northern Italy, and subsequently in Gaul, can be identified: the so-called Chronography of 354, a mid-4th-century list from Rome of saintly commemorations, primarily of local martyrs (E010151 and E01052); a lost Greek martyrology compiled at Nicomedia around 360 (drawn basically from Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History and Martyrs of Palestine), which was also a prime source for the Syriac Martyrology of 411 (E00465); the African Calendar of Carthage of 505/535 (E02195 - E02205); and early local calendars from Aquileia and Auxerre (Lifshitz 2006, 20).
The four earliest manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum (three of them complete, one a fragment), on which all editions, including our own, are based, are all from eastern Francia and were copied in the eighth and early ninth centuries. They are as follows:
Ms Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), lat. 10837
Written in the abbey of Echternach (in present-day Luxembourg) by a single scribe, Laurentius, between 703 and 710 (Lifshitz 2006, 32). The Catalogue of the BnF, which publishes BnF lat. 10837 on-line, also provides brief information about the dating: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6001113z/f22.image (click Information). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 2r-32v.
Ms Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Weissenburg 81
From the abbey of Weissenburg in Alsace. Dated to around 800 by the Wolfenbüttel on-line catalogue: http://diglib.hab.de/?db=mss&list=ms&id=81-weiss&lang=en. Lifshitz argues that the manuscript dates from around 772, and was written in the Carolingian royal sphere, in or around Maastrict (Lifshitz 2006, 4). The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 7r-103r.
Ms Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Bongars 289
From the abbey of Saint-Avold, near Metz. De Rossi and Duchesne, in the introduction to their edition, argue that Bern 289 must have been written after 766. The text of the Hieronymianum is at fol. 53v-129v. This manuscript is not yet available on line, but we have been able to check it through a microfilm.
Ms Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 238
From the abbey of Lorsch, near Worms. The manuscript contains only a fragment (five pages) of the Hieronymianum, covering 25 December to 3 January, and 27 January to 31 January, written in Lorsch in the first half of the 9th century: http://bibliotheca-laureshamensis-digital.de/bav/bav_pal_lat_238). The fragment is at fol. 74-75, 1-2.
The standard edition of 1894, by G. B. de Rossi and L. Duchesne, published these four manuscripts in parallel columns. In 1931, H. Quentin produced a new edition, with a commentary by H. Delehaye, which attempted to collate the different manuscript readings into a single text.
Even though all the early manuscripts are believed to descend from the same redaction, they are by no means identical. In particular, BnF lat. 10837, the earliest of all, often contains a text which differs markedly from Bern 289 and Weissenburg 81, which are much closer to each other. Because the text varies between manuscripts, in content as well as spelling, it is now universally agreed that it will never be possible to create an 'authoritative' single text of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum. De Rossi and Duchesne in 1894, facing the same problem, decided to print for each day of the year the text of all four early manuscripts, in four columns, and we have followed their lead. Our edition is essentially based on their edition, though we have checked their readings against the manuscripts, and corrected or removed some letters, words, diacritical marks, and comments introduced by the editors that do not exist in the manuscripts. We have then added three more columns: for Quentin’s text for the feast day, which sometimes comes in one version, sometimes in two, and for Delehaye’s reconstruction of much of the text, drawn from his Commentary. Delehaye's erudition was, and remains, unmatched, and we have leaned heavily on his commentary (which is in Latin), but it should be noted that his reconstructed text often departs markedly from the manuscripts. Using his extraordinary knowledge of the saints and their hagiography, he felt able to combine different parts of the Hieronymianum's text, and to correct garbled versions of names, to produce a more coherent 'original'. We consider each of his principal suggestions in our Discussion (below), and attempt a judgment as to how plausible they are. In Delehaye's extensive notes there are also other, more tentative, suggestions, which we have not discussed systematically.
The reason the Martyrologium Hieronymianum is such a difficult text is because it consists primarily of long lists of names (with no punctuation and no consistency in the use of capital letters), which were often unfamiliar to copyists and so easily garbled. Generally, we cannot get behind these garbled variants, but occasionally we can, allowing us to shed light on how the text evolved into its current, often confused, state. For instance, an entry for 9 March (E04711) probably originally read something like 'In Armenia minore Sebastia milit(um) XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, at Sebasteia, [the feast of] the Forty Soldiers' - in other words a commemoration of the 'Forty Martyrs of Sebaste' (S00103), prominent saints in the East, but less well-known in the Latin West. In one of our manuscripts (Weissenburg 81) this has become 'In arminia minore sabastiani et milia XL', 'In Lesser Armenia, [the feast of] Sebastianus and the forty-thousand'; somewhere in the process of transmission, the city of Sebasteia has become the martyr Sebastianus, and the 'soldiers' (militum) have become 'thousands' (milia).
Discussion
On 17 June, the early manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum first record the commemoration in Rome of the following saints: Cyriacus/Quiriacus, Blastus/Blastinus, Diogenes, Nicander, and Gandriena/Ena. Among them, Delehaye recognizes *Blastus, (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria, S00476) and *Diogenes, (martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria S00475). Cyriacus/Quiriacus, according to Delehaye, was not from Rome. He may have been the saint commemorated on 16 June (E04853), *Kyrikos/Cyricus (child and martyr of Tarsus, together with his mother Ioulitta/Julitta, S00007). We consider this identification possible. Gandriena/Ena stays unidentified.Nicander, according to Delehaye, is not the saint from Rome, but the saint commemorated on 5 June (E04842), *Nicander, (martyr and officer at Silistra (Bulgaria), and companion of Marcian, S01978). It is attested by the further group of martyrs, who suffered in Dorostorum. However, this database identifies another *Nicander, (saint of Rome, S00788), who could be a possible identification here.
Further, all three early manuscripts of the Hieronymianum record the commemoration in Durostorum (Silistra, lower Danube) of the saint identified as *Hesychius, (martyr at Durostorum on the Danube and companion of Julius, S02416).
Also, all three manuscripts record in Aquileia *Cantius, Cantianus and Cantianilla, (martyrs of Aquileia, S01552).
Further, all the manuscripts record the commemoration in Alexandria of two saints: Dioscorus and Marinus. The first one is possible to identify as *Dioskoridēs, (presbyter and martyr in Alexandria, S01063), also recorded on 17 and 18 December (E05054, E05055). Another date on which the saint with this name appears is 18 May (E04818), among *Other saints, on 18 May in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Alexandria, Constantinople, and elsewhere, (S02385). A saint with the name Marinus stays unidentified.
Another mention of Aquileia now brings in new saints´ names: Geria/Cyria, Musca, Valeriana/Valerianus, and Maria. These saints are not identified.
Finally, all the manuscripts record on this day *Avitus, (abbot in Le Perche (central Gaul) and confessor of Orléans, ob. c. AD 525, S01307).
Unidentified saints are listed by us among *Other saints, on 17 June in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Alexandria, Rome, and Aquileia (S02708).
Bibliography
Editions:De Rossi, G. B., and Duchesne, L., Martyrologium Hieronymianum ad finem codicum adiectis prolegomenis. Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.1 (Brussels, 1894).
Quentin, H. and Delehaye, H., Acta Sanctorum Nov.II.2 (Brussels, 1931).
On the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Duchesne, L., "A propos du martyrologe hiéronymien," Analecta Bollandiana 17 (1898), 421-447.
Lapidge, M., The Roman Martyrs. Introduction, Translations, and Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).
Lapidge, M., "Acca of Hexham and the Origin of the Old English Martyrology," Analecta Bollandiana 123 (2005), 29-78.
Lifshitz, F., The Name of the Saint. The Martyrology of Jerome and Access to the Sacred in Francia, 627-827 (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006).
Ó Riain, P., "A Northumbrian Phase in the Formation of the Hieronymian Martyrology. The Evidence of the Martyrology of Tallaght," Analecta Bollandiana 120 (2002), 311-363.
On the manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum:
Butzmann, H., Die Weissenburger Handschriften (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1964), 242-243.
Muller, J. C., "Trois manuscrits liturgiques de l'abbaye d'Echternach à Paris," in Abteistadt Echternach, éd. P. Schritz, A. Hoffmann (Luxembourg, 1981), 202-206.
Ó Cróinín, D., "Rath Melsigi, Willibrord, and the Earliest Echternach Manuscripts," Peritia 3 (1984), 17-49.
Libaert, P., "Notice sur 43 manuscrits d'Echternach conservés à la bibliothèque nationale de Paris," Hémecht 1 (1985), 53-73.
McKitterick, R., Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, Sixth-Ninth Centuries (Aldershot: Variorum, 1994).
On saints and calendars:
Farmer, D. H., Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978).
Nilles, N., Kalendarium Manuale utriusque Ecclesiae Orientalis et Occidentalis I-II (Farnborough: Gregg International Publishers Ltd, 1971).
Watkins, B., The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015).
Datum Table
| BnF 10837 | Bern 289 | Weissenburg 81 | BAV 238 | Other Mss | Quentin | Quentin | Delehaye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XV k. iuł rom̄ cyriaci blasti diogenis nicandri | XU. KL. IUL. ROMÆ Ad septẽ balumbas. uia salaria ueterȩ. Sc̃orum. Quiriaci. Blastini. Gandrienȩ. | XV KL. IUL. Romȩ quiriaci blasti nicandri ene | Romae Cyriaci Blasti Diogenis Nicandri | Romae ad septem balumbas via Salaria vetere sanctorum Quiriaci Blastini Gandrienae. | Romae ad septem Palumbas via Salaria vetere sanctorum Blasti Diogenis. | ||
| dorostoli iusici | Dorostori. Ysici. | dorostoli isici | Dorostoli Ysici. | Dorostoli Ysici. | Dorostori Nicandri 〈et〉 Marciani. 〈item〉 Dorostori Ysici. | ||
| aquilae cantiani | IN AQUILEIA. Canti. CantiaNi. et cantiane. | aquilae canti cantiani et cantianȩ | in Aquileia Cantiani | in Aquileia Canti Cantiani et Cantianae. | in Aquileia Cantii, Cantiani et Cantianillae. | ||
| alãx dioscori et marini | ALEXANDRIA Dioscori. et marini martyris. | Alexandria dioscori et marini mart̃ | Alexandria Dioscori et Marini martyris. | Alexandria Dioscori et Marini martyris. | in Alexandria Dioscori. | ||
| ROMÆ. Diogenis. | Romae diogenis | Romae Diogenis. | |||||
| aquileia geriae muscae valerianae mariae | IN AQUILEIA. Cyriȩ. Muscȩ. Ualeriani. Mariȩ. | Aquileia cyriae muscae Ualeriane mariae | Aquileia Geriae Muscae Valerianae Mariae. | Aquileia Geriae Muscae Valerianae Mariae. | |||
| aurelianis aviti prƀ. | IN AURELIANIS. ciuitate. Auiti prƀi. | In aurilianis ciuit̃ auiti prȩsbiteri | in Aurelianis civitate Aviti presbyteri. | in Aurelianis civitate Aviti presbyteri. | in Aurelianis civitate Aviti presbyteri. |
Record Created By
Marijana Vukovic
Date of Entry
30/10/2023
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00007 | Kyrikos/Cyricus and Ioulitta/Julitta, child and his mother, martyrs of Tarsus | Cyriacus/Quiriacus | Uncertain | S00475 | Diogenes, martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus | Diogenes | Certain | S00476 | Blastus, martyr of Rome, buried on the via Salaria vetus | Blastus/Blastinus | Certain | S00788 | Nicander, saint of Rome | Nicander | Uncertain | S01063 | Dioskorides, presbyter and martyr of Alexandria | Dioscorus | Uncertain | S01307 | Avitus, abbot of Le Perche, ob. c. 525 | Avitus | Certain | S01552 | Cantius, Cantianus and Cantianilla, martyrs of Aquileia | Cantus; Cantianus; Cantiana | Certain | S01978 | Nicander and Marcianus, officers and martyrs of Durostorum | Nicander | Certain | S02385 | Other saints, on 18 May in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Alexandria, Constantinople, and elsewhere | Dioscorus | Uncertain | S02416 | Iulius, soldier and martyr of Durostorum on the Danube | Iusicus/Ysicus/Isicus | Certain | S02708 | Other saints, on 17 June in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum: in Alexandria, Rome, and Aquileia | Marinus; Gandriena/Ena; Geria/Cyria; Musca; Valeriana/Valerianus; Maria | Certain |
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Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Marijana Vukovic, Cult of Saints, E04854 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E04854