Jerome, in his Letter 108, describes how Paula travelled through Palestine in 385/6 and visited the tombs of *Abraham (Old Testament patriarch, S00275), *Isaac (Old Testament patriarch, S00276) and *Adam (the first man, S00772) or *Caleb (Old Testament figure, S02459) in Hebron. Written in Latin in Bethlehem (Palestine), 404.
Evidence ID
E06519
Type of Evidence
Literary - Letters
Major author/Major anonymous work
Jerome of Stridon
Jerome of Stridon, Letter 108.11 ('Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae')
Atque inde consurgens ascendit Chebron, haec est Chariatharbe, id est 'oppidum virorum quattuor', Abraham, Isaac et Iacob et Adam magni, quem ibi conditum iuxta librum Hiesu Hebraei autumant, licet plerique Chaleb quartum putent, cuius ex latere memoria demonstratur.
'From there she went up to Hebron, or Kiriath-Arba, the "town of four men" – Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the great Adam, whom the Jews suppose (on the basis of the Book of Joshua) is buried there, though a good many think that the fourth man is Caleb, whose tomb can be seen off the side and separated from the others.'
Text: Hilberg 1996 (1912).
Translation: Cain 2013.
Cult Places
Burial site of a saint - tomb/grave
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesWomen
Source
In the second half of 404 Jerome composed an Epitaph for his late friend and patron, Paula, which was transmitted to us as letter 108. The work depicts Paula as an example for ascetic women and bears features of hagiography.Paula died on 26 January 404 in Bethlehem. She was the descendant of a Roman aristocratic family, who traced their lineage back to the Gracchi and Scipiones. She was dedicated to the western ascetic movement and had spent more than twenty years by the side of Jerome of Stridon, whom she had followed with her daughter Eustochium to the Holy Land in 385, where they founded a monastery and a convent in Bethlehem. Paula was not only Jerome's most faithful companion, but also his biggest sponsor.
Jerome's Letter 108.8-13 describes Paula's pilgrimage through the Holy Land, which lasted from late winter 385 to late spring 386. It is, however, only a partial account, intended to show off Jerome's knowledge of biblical topography as much as to illustrate Paula's piety. Jerome specifically tells us that, at the beginning of his account of Paula's travels in the Holy Land, that he will only mention the places she visited which feature in the Bible: 'I say nothing of her journey through Syria Coele and Phoenicia, for it is not my intention to write a complete description of her travels; I will mention only those stops mentioned in the sacred books' (Omitto Syriae Coeles et Phoenices iter, neque enim odoeporicum eius disposui scribere; ea tantum loca nominabo quae sacris voluminibus continentur. Ep. 108, 8.1, trans. Cain). It is very possible that Paula also visited the shrines of post-biblical saints (as she had earlier done on Ponza - see E06524), but, if so, these visits were passed over by Jerome.
Discussion
Hebron was a well populated city in the 4th century (see Eusebius, Onomasticon 6.8). The identification of the cave of Machpelah in Hebron as the burial site of the patriarchs and their wives is based on Old Testament passages (Gen. 25:9-10, 35:27-30, 49:29-31, 50:13). Herod the Great erected a monument on top of this cave which is preserved to this day.Bibliography
Edition:Hilberg, I., Hieronymus, Epistulae 71-120 (Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 55; Vienna, 1996).
Translation and commentary:
Cain, A., Jerome's Epitaph on Paula: A Commentary on the Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae (Oxford, 2013).
Record Created By
Philip Polcar
Date of Entry
12/09/2018
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00275 | Abraham, Old Testament patriarch | Abraham | Certain | S00276 | Isaac, Old Testament patriarch | Isaac | Certain | S00280 | Jacob, Old Testament patriarch | Iacob | Certain | S00772 | Adam and Zoe/Eve, the first man and woman | Adam | Uncertain | S02459 | Caleb, Old Testament figure | Chaleb | Uncertain |
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Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Philip Polcar, Cult of Saints, E06519 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E06519