Gregory of Tours writes the Glory of the Confessors, in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 587/588. Overview entry.
E02448
Literary - Hagiographical - Other saint-related texts
Gregory of Tours
Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Confessors
Overview:
In his Preface, Gregory defends himself against any accusation that he lacks the knowledge of rhetoric and grammar necessary for an author, and invites the learned to turn his humble prose into verse. He lists the eight works of hagiography that he has written: the Glory of the Martyrs, the Miracles of Julian, the four books on the Miracles of Martin, the Life of the Fathers, and this, his eighth work, on the miracles of the Confessors: 'This, the eighth, we have written on the miracles of Confessors (Octavum hunc scribimus de miraculis confessorum).'
(Ch.1) A miracles of *Angels (S00723) - see E02449.
(Ch.2) *Hilary (bishop of Poitiers, S00183) - see E02452.
(Ch.3) *Eusebius (bishop of Vercelli, S01219) - see E02453.
(Ch.4) *Martin (ascetic and bishop of Tours, S00050), and the tomb of *Gatianus (first bishop of Tours,S01175) - see E02454.
(Ch.5) *Martin and the tomb of the virgin *Vitalina (S01221) - see E02455.
(Ch.6) The stone on which *Martin had sat - see E02456.
(Ch.7) The tree that was raised up by *Martin - see E02457.
(Ch.8) The oratory in the territory of Tours, in which *Martin had prayed - see E02546.
(Ch.9) Oil from the tomb of *Martin - see E02547.
(Ch.10) A cluster of grapes from the vine that *Martin planted, and wax from his tomb - see E02551.
(Ch.11) A miracle of *Martin at Tonnerre - see E02553.
(Ch.12) *Martin's monastery in Spain - see E02555.
(Ch.13) The Arian bishop who pretended to be able to restore a man's sight - see E02556.
(Ch.14) The Arian and Catholic priest who test their ability to take a ring out of a fire. [Not entered in the database.]
(Ch.15) *Venantius (priest and abbot in Tours, S00121) - see E02558.
(Ch.16) *Papula (transvestite monk of Tours, S01246) - see E02559.
(Ch.17) *Benignus (bishop buried in the Touraine, S01247), whose sarcophagus lid is stolen - see E02560.
(Ch.18) The tombs of *Maura and Britta (virgins of the Touraine, S01248) - see E02561.
(Ch.19) How *Eufronius (bishop of Tours, S01249) knew of the death of king Charibert - see E02562.
(Ch.20) The dedication of an oratory in Tours with relics of *Martin, *Illidius (S00022), *Julian (S00035) and *Saturninus (S00289) - see E02564.
(Ch.21) The revelation of the tomb of *Sollemnis at Luynes, near Tours (S01250) - see E02565.
(Ch.22) *Maximus (abbot in Chinon, S01253) - see E02575.
(Ch.23) *Iohannis (recluse of Chinon, S01254) - see E02576.
(Ch.24) *Monegundis (female recluse of Tours, S00150) - see E02577.
(Ch.25) Abbot *Senoch (ascetic near Tours S00116) - see E02578.
(Ch.26) *Symeon (Stylite of Syria, S00343) and his pillar - see E02579.
(Ch.27) The tombs of the presbyters of *Martialis (first bishop of Limoges, S01168) - see E02580.
(Ch.28) Two miracles at the tomb of *Martialis - see E02581.
(Ch.29) The tomb of *Stremonius/Austremonius (first bishop, and martyr of Clermont, S01255) - see E02582.
(Ch.30) A man is saved from drowning because he carries bread blessed by a priest. [Not entered in the database.]
(Ch.31) The tombs of the *Two chaste lovers of Clermont (S01256) - see E02583.
(Ch.32) Miracles at the tomb of *Amabilis (priest near Clermont, S01257) - see E02584.
(Ch.33) The burial of *Georgia (devout virgin of Clermont, ?6th c., S01260) - see E02594.
(Ch.34) The *Girl buried at the church of Venerandus (S01262), whose body was uncorrupted - see E02595.
(Ch.35) Tombs in Clermont of the monk *Alexander (S01267) and the martyr *Liminius (S01193) - see E02601.
(Ch.36) The tombs of two bishops of Clermont, *Venerandus (S01261) and *Nepotianus (S01141) - see E02601.
(Ch.37-38) The fire that emanates from the very holy and from their relics - see E02603.
(Ch.39) Gregory's two visions, which cured his father - see E02604.
(Ch.40) *Germanus (bishop of Auxerre, S00455) - see E02606.
(Ch.41) Helarius, the chaste husband of Dijon, who embraced his wife in his grave. [Not entered in the database.]
(Ch.42) *Florida and *Paschasia (saints of Dijon, S01269 and S00321) - see E02610.
(Ch.43) *Tranquillus (saint of Dijon, S01270) - see E02611.
(Ch.44) *Severinus (bishop of Bordeaux, S01273) - see E02612.
(Ch.45) *Romanus (priest of Blaye, in the territory of Bordeaux, S01129) - see E02635.
(Ch.46) *Two priest of Bouliac (S02843), in the territory of Bordeaux, who sing from their graves - see E02636.
(Ch.47) The Arians seize a Catholic church at Rions, in the territory of Bordeaux. [Not entered in the database.]
(Ch.48) The priests *Justinus and Similinus (S01275) of the territory of Cieutat - see E02638
.
(Ch.49-50) *Severus (priest of the territory of Cieutat, S02844) - see E02639.
(Ch.51) *Three priests (of the territory of Aire-sur-l'Ardour, S02845) whose tombs were rising out of the ground - see E02640.
(Ch.52) The tomb of *Theomastus (bishop of Mainz, buried in Poitiers, S01277) in Poitiers - see E02641.
(Ch.53) The tomb near Poitiers of *Lupianus, who died immediately after baptism (S01278) - see E02645.
(Ch.54) *Melanius (bishop of Rennes, S01279) - see E02646.
(Ch.55) *Victorius (bishop of Le Mans, S01280) - see E02650.
(Ch.56) *Martinus (abbot in the territory of Saintes, S01281) - see E02651.
(Ch.57) *Bibianus/Vivianus (bishop of Saintes, S01282) - see E02670.
(Ch.58) *Troianus (bishop of Saintes, S01283) - see E02672.
(Ch.59) The sarcophagus of a *Married couple of Troyes recently baptised (S03012) - see E08305..
(Ch.60) *Nicetius (bishop of Lyon, S00049) - see E02673.
(Ch.61) The tomb of *Helius (bishop of Lyon, S01284) - see E02674.
(Ch.62) The *Archdeacon of Lyon (S02846), who cured the emperor Leo's daughter - see E02675.
(Ch.63) The woman who picked up the sandals of the martyr *Epipodius (of Lyon, S00318) - see E02676.
(Ch.64) The woman of Lyon, whose dead husband in a vision revealed the duplicity of a priest - see E02677.
(Ch.65) *Memmius (bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne, S01285) - see E02678.
(Ch.66-67) *Lupus (bishop of Troyes, S00418) and his assistant Aventinus - see E00721.
(Ch.68) *Marcellinus (bishop of Embrun, S01286) - see E02679.
(Ch.69) *Marcellus (bishop of Die, S01287) - see E02680.
(Ch.70) *Mitrias (confessor of Aix-en-Provence, S01288) - see E02687.
(Ch.71) *Aravatius/Servatius (bishop of Maastricht/Tongeren, S01289) - see E02688.
(Ch.72) The cemetery at Autun - see E02690.
(Ch.73) The tomb of *Cassianus (bishop of Autun, S01290) - see E02694.
(Ch.74) *Reticius (bishop of Autun, S01291) - see E02695.
(Ch.75) *Simplicius (bishop of Autun, S01292) - see E02696.
(Ch.76) *Simplicius overturns the statue of the goddess Berecynthia - see E02698.
(Ch.77) The chaste bishop of Nantes upon whose breast a lamb was seen sleeping - see E02699.
(Ch.78) Punishing miracle of *Remigius (bishop of Reims, S00456) - see E02705.
(Ch.78) *Remigius saves Reims from the plague - see E02706.
(Ch.79) *Ursinus (bishop of Bourges, S01294) - see E02711.
(Ch.80) *Marianus (recluse near Bourges, S01295) - see E02713.
(Ch.81) *Eusicius (recluse near Bourges, S01296) - see E02714.
(Ch.82) *Maximus (bishop of Riez, S00424) - see E02715.
(Ch.83) *Valerius (bishop of Couserans, S01297) - see E02716.
(Ch.84) *Silvester (bishop of Chalon-Sur-Saône, S01298) - see E02717.
(Ch.85) *Desideratus (recluse of Chalon-Sur-Saône, S01299) - see E02719.
(Ch.86) *Sequanus (abbot in the territory of Langres, S01300) - see E02720.
(Ch.87) *Marcellus (bishop of Paris, S01301) - see E02721.
(Ch.88) *Germanus (bishop of Paris, S00192) - see E02722.
(Ch.89) *Genovefa (ascetic of Paris, S01156) - see E02747.
(Ch.90) The tomb of *Lusor (saint of Déols, S01304) - see E02748.
(Ch.91) *Maximinus (bishop of Trier, S00465) - see E02749.
(Ch.92) *Nicetius (bishop of Trier, S01305) - see E02750.
(Ch.93) *Medard (bishop of Vermand buried at Soissons, S00168) - see E02751.
(Ch.94) *Albinus (bishop of Angers, S01181) - see E02753.
(Ch.95) *Hospicius (recluse near Nice, S01178) - see E02754.
(Ch.96) *Ingenuus (hermit of Autun, S01306) whose cooking pot was made of wood - see E02755.
(Ch.97) *Avitus (abbot buried in Orléans, S01307) - see E02756.
(Ch.98) *Cyprianus (abbot near Périgueux, S01308) - see E02757.
(Ch.99) *Eparchius (hermit of Angoulême, S01310) - see E02761.
(Ch.100) *Felix (bishop of Bourges, S01311) - see E02763.
(Ch.101) *Iunianus (hermit of Limoges, S01312) - see E02764
.
(Ch.102) *Pelagia (ascetic of Limoges, S01313) - see E02765.
(Ch.103) The tomb of the young girl *Criscentia near Paris (S01315) - see E02767.
(Ch.104) *Radegund (monastic founder in Poitiers, S00182) - see E02769.
(Ch.105) *Tetricus (bishop of Langres, S00044) - see E02777.
(Ch.106) *Orientius (bishop of Auch, S01319) - see E02777.
(Ch.107) *Quiteria (virgin, S01320) - see E02777.
(Ch.108) *Paulinus (bishop of Nola, S01321) - see E02778.
(Ch.109) The mean merchant whose cargo was turned to stones. [Not entered in the database.]
(Ch.110) The merchant who diluted his wine, but then lost all his profits. [Not entered in the database.]
Composing and translating saint-related texts
Protagonists in Cult and NarrativesEcclesiastics - bishops
Source
Gregory, of a prominent Clermont family with extensive ecclesiastical connections, was bishop of Tours from 573 until his death (probably in 594). He was the most prolific hagiographer of all Late Antiquity. He wrote four books on the miracles of Martin of Tours, one on those of Julian of Brioude, and two on the miracles of other saints (the Glory of the Martyrs and Glory of the Confessors), as well as a collection of twenty short Lives of sixth-century Gallic saints (the Life of the Fathers). He also included a mass of material on saints in his long and detailed Histories, and produced two independent short works: a Latin version of the Acts of Andrew and a Latin translation of the story of The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus.Gregory probably wrote the greater part of the Glory of the Confessors (Liber in Gloria Confessorum) between late 587 and mid-588, since in ch. 6 he tells us that he has already written three books on the miracles of Martin (and the last datable miracle in Book 3 of his Miracles of Martin occurred in November 587), while in ch. 93 he tells us that Charimeris, who became bishop of Verdun in 588, was 'now' a royal referendary (so not yet a bishop). It is, however, likely that Gregory was collecting and recording these stories throughout his life, and for our purposes precise dating is not of great importance, since Gregory's views on the role of saints and the correct ways to venerate them do not seem to have changed during his writing life. (On the dating of the work, see Van Dam 2004, xii; Shaw 2016, 105.)
The last two chapters (109 and 110), in which divine punishment falls on avaricious merchants in a manner that is not focused on a particular 'confessor', do not sit comfortably with the rest of the work, and, even more tellingly, near the end there are three chapters with headings but no content (105, 106 and 107, E02777). Consequently Krusch suggested (and this hypothesis has been widely accepted) that the work was left in an incomplete state, its final completion and editing being prevented by Gregory's death.
As Gregory himself makes clear in his Preface (where he lists his eight works of hagiography), the Glory of the Confessors (just like his Glory of the Martyrs) is not about the lives of his saints, but is a collection of their miracle-stories: 'This, the eighth [book], we have written on the miracles of Confessors' (Octavum hunc scribimus de miraculis confessorum). Occasionally we do learn something about the lives of the men and women that he includes, but for the most part we are just given their name and, sometimes, religious status ('bishop', 'abbot', 'hermit', or whatever) and a description of a miracle (or miracles) that Gregory attributes to them. The large majority of these miracles are posthumous (in Life of the Fathers 2.2 Gregory expresses a preference for posthumous miracles, over miracles in life, as reliable indicators of sanctity - see E00023).
Elsewhere in his work (in the preface to his Life of Illidius, in Life of the Fathers), Gregory provides a definition of a 'confessor': someone who had taken up 'various crosses of abstinence' (diversas abstinentiae cruces) to live the Christian life. But here in Glory of the Confessors, the category is in practice much more broadly drawn, to include any individual able to effect a miracle, who wasn't a martyr; in many cases Gregory knew nothing about the life of the confessor, only about one or more miracles, for the most part posthumous and at the tomb. For Gregory, anyone with an attested miracle (he would, presumably, have said 'reliably attested') was a 'confessor' and could be included in this work. Consequently, a remarkable number of extremely shadowy figures feature. To take a few examples: a man buried in a tomb in Clermont, from which scrapings of dust cured people (ch. 35, E02595); a chaste but loving couple of Clermont, whose sarcophagi miraculously moved to be next to each other (ch. 31, E02583); and three priests of the village of Aire-sur-l'Ardour, whose graves were slowly rising out of the ground (ch. 51, E02640). In all of these cases, and several more besides, Gregory could not even put reliable names to the confessors concerned. Gregory's interest was not in the people, but in the miraculous that manifested itself around holy individuals: for instance, in ch. 96 (E02755) he tells the story of a hermit whose only recorded miracle was his ability to cook his food over a blazing fire in a wooden pot; Gregory uses the story as an example of how God makes even the elements of nature obey the needs of the holy.
Only occasionally does Gregory name his informants. But it is clear that many of his stories derived from his own observations in Clermont and Tours, and from what he heard from visitors to Tours, and on his own travels; Gregory had visited large numbers of the shrines he described, had venerated many of these saints' relics, and had even been a participant at a few of the events described.
Because Gregory was so inclusive in those he ranked as 'confessors', his text is rich in evidence of cults emerging around some very obscure figures, as long as people (including Gregory) believed they had miraculous powers from their graves. In many cases these cults were probably short-lived; but in a few cases they appear to have become at least semi-institutionalised: for instance, two otherwise wholly unknown virgins, buried on a hill in the Touraine, persuaded a man to build a stone oratory over their graves, and also persuaded the then bishop of Tours to come and bless it (ch. 18, E02561), and a young girl of the Paris region, about whom nothing but her name and pious epitaph were known, acquired a considerable reputation as a healer (particularly of toothache), and again a stone oratory over her grave (ch. 103, E02767).
Unlike the Glory of the Martyrs, which includes many martyrs from beyond Gaul, almost all the saintly figures in Glory of the Confessors are Gallic: the sole exceptions are, from Syria, Symeon the Stylite (ch. 26, E02579), and, from Italy, Eusebius of Vercelli and Paulinus of Nola (chs. 3 and 108, E02453 and E02778). Within Gaul, after miracles involving angels, Hilary of Poitiers and Eusebius of Vercelli (chs. 1-3), the confessors are bunched together by their city-territory, in other words where they were buried (which in almost all cases is also where the recorded miracles occurred). There is no logic to the order in which Gregory presented these cities, beyond the fact that he placed the two cities he knew most about, Tours (chs. 4-25) and Clermont (chs. 29-35) very close to the start. At the end of the book, from ch. 90, saints appear from city-territories that have already been covered earlier in the work (chs. 90 and 100, Bourges; ch. 96, Autun; chs. 101-102, Limoges; ch. 103, Paris; ch. 104, Poitiers) – the most likely explanation is that these are saints that Gregory added after he had written the greater part of the book.
There are some digressions in the book, as we would expect in a work by the discursive Gregory – for instance, a miracle story of Martin set in Visigothic Spain (ch. 12) leads Gregory into two stories on the spiritual powerlessness of Arian priests (chs. 13 and 14) – but there are fewer digressions than in Gregory's parallel work, the Glory of the Martyrs.
There is a good general discussion of Glory of the Confessors in Van Dam 2004, ix-xxi, and of Gregory's hagiography more widely in Shaw 2015.
(Bryan Ward-Perkins)
Bibliography
Edition:Krusch B. (ed.), Gregorii Turonensis Opera: Liber in gloria confessorum (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum I.2; 2nd ed.; Hannover 1969).
Translation:
Van Dam, R., Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Martyrs (Translated Texts for Historians 4; 2nd ed., Liverpool, 2004).
Further reading:
Shaw, R., "Chronology, Composition, and Authorial Conception in the Miracula", in: A.C. Murray (ed.), A Companion to Gregory of Tours (Leiden-Boston 2015), 102-140.
Katarzyna Wojtalik
31/03/2017
| ID | Name | Name in Source | Identity | S00022 | Illidius, bishop of Clermont, ob. 384/385 | Illidius | Certain | S00035 | Julian, martyr of Brioude (southern Gaul) | Iulianus | Certain | S00044 | Tetricus, bishop of Langres, ob. 568/573 | Tetricus | Certain | S00049 | Nicetius, bishop of Lyon, ob. 573 | Nicetius | Certain | S00050 | Martin, ascetic and bishop of Tours, ob. 397 | Martinus | Certain | S00116 | Senoch, ascetic and miracle-worker near Tours, ob. 576 | Senoch | Certain | S00121 | Venantius, priest and abbot in Tours, ob. shortly before 507 | Venantius | Certain | S00150 | Monegundis, female recluse of Chartres and Tours, mid/late 6th c. | Monigundis | Certain | S00168 | Medard, bishop of Vermand buried at Soissons, ob. c. 560 | Medardus | Certain | S00182 | Radegund, former queen of the Franks and monastic founder, ob. 587 | Radegundis | Certain | S00183 | Hilarius/Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, ob. 367 | Helarius | Certain | S00184 | Confessors, unnamed or name lost | Certain | S00289 | Saturninus, bishop and martyr of Toulouse | Saturninus | Certain | S00318 | Epipodius and Alexander, martyrs of Lyon | Epipodius | Certain | S00321 | Paschasia, religious woman of Dijon | Paschasia | Certain | S00343 | Symeon the Elder, stylite of Qal‘at Sim‘ān, ob. 459 | Symeon | Certain | S00418 | Lupus, bishop of Troyes, ob. 479 | Lupus | Certain | S00424 | Maximus, bishop of Riez, ob. 452/462 | Maximus | Certain | S00455 | Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, ob. c. 448 | Germanus | Certain | S00456 | Remigius, bishop of Reims, ob. c. 533 | Remigius | Certain | S00465 | Maximinus, bishop of Trier, ob. c. 347 | Maximinus | Certain | S00518 | Saints, unnamed | Certain | S00723 | Angels, unnamed or name lost | Certain | S01129 | Romanus, priest of Blaye, ob. c. 390 | Romanus | Certain | S01141 | Nepotianus, bishop of Clermont, ob. 385/386 | Nepotianus | Certain | S01156 | Genovefa/Geneviève, ascetic of Paris, ob. c. 502 | Genovefa | Certain | S01166 | Germanus, bishop of Paris, ob. 576 | Germanus | Certain | S01168 | Martialis, first bishop of Limoges | Martialis | Certain | S01175 | Gatianus, first bishop of Tours | Catianus | Certain | S01178 | Hospicius, acetic and recluse near Nice, ob. 581 | Hospitius | Certain | S01181 | Albinus, monk and bishop of Angers, ob. c. 550 | Albinus | Certain | S01219 | Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli, ob. 371 | Eusebius | Certain | S01221 | Vitalina, pious virgin of Artonne, ob. before 397 | Vitalina | Certain | S01246 | Papula, transvestite monk of Tours | Papula | Certain | S01247 | Benignus, bishop buried in the Touraine | Benignus | Certain | S01248 | Maura and Britta, virgins of the Touraine, ob. before 573 | Maura, Britta | Certain | S01249 | Eufronius, bishop of Tours, ob. 573 | Eufronius | Certain | S01250 | Sollemnis, holy man buried at Luynes, near Tours | Sollemnis | Certain | S01253 | Maximus, abbot in Chinon, mid-5th c. | Maximus | Certain | S01254 | Iohannes, recluse in Chinon, mid-6th c. | Iohannis | Certain | S01255 | Austremonius/Stremonius, martyr and first bishop of Clermont | Stremonius | Certain | S01256 | Two chaste spouses of Clermont | Certain | S01257 | Amabilis, priest near Clermont, 5th c. | Amabilis | Certain | S01260 | Georgia, devout virgin of Clermont, ?6th c. | Georgia | Certain | S01261 | Venerandus, bishop of Clermont, early 5th c. | Venerandus | Certain | S01269 | Florida, nun of Dijon | Florida | Certain | S01270 | Tranquillus, saint of Dijon | Tranquillus | Certain | S01273 | Severinus, bishop of Bordeaux, early 5th c. | Severinus | Certain | S01275 | Iustinus and Similinus, priests of the territory of Cieutat | Justinus | Certain | S01277 | Theomastus, bishop of Mainz, buried in Poitiers | Theomastus | Certain | S01278 | Lupianus, died immediately after baptism, buried near Poitiers | Lupianus | Certain | S01279 | Melanius, bishop of Rennes, earlier 6th c. | Melanius | Certain | S01280 | Victorius, bishop of Le Mans, ob. c. 490 | Victorius | Certain | S01281 | Martinus, abbot in the territory of Saintes | Martinus | Certain | S01282 | Vivianus/Bibianus, mid-5th c. bishop of Saintes | Bibianus | Certain | S01283 | Troianus, bishop of Saintes, early 6th c. | Troianus | Certain | S01284 | Helius, bishop of Lyon | Helius | Certain | S01285 | Memmius, first bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne | Memmius | Certain | S01286 | Marcellinus, bishop of Embrun, mid-4th c. | Marcellinus | Certain | S01287 | Marcellus, bishop of Die, ob. 510 | Marcellus | Certain | S01288 | Mitrias, saint of Aix-en-Provence | Mitrias | Certain | S01289 | Aravatius/Servatius, bishop of Tongeren, mid-4th c. | Aravatius | Certain | S01290 | Cassianus, bishop of Autun, first half 4th c. | Cassianus | Certain | S01291 | Reticius, bishop of Autun, ob. 325/344 | Reticius | Certain | S01292 | Simplicius, bishop of Autun, mid 4th c. | Simplicius | Certain | S01294 | Ursinus, first bishop of Bourges | Ursinus | Certain | S01295 | Marianus, recluse near Bourges, probably 6th c. | Marianus | Certain | S01296 | Eusicius, recluse near Bourges, earlier 6th c. | Eusicius | Certain | S01297 | Valerius, first bishop of Saint-Lizier | Valerius | Certain | S01298 | Silvester, bishop of Chalon-sur-Saône, ob. early 6th c. | Silvester | Certain | S01299 | Desideratus, recluse of Chalon-sur-Saône, ob. mid-6th c. | Desideratus | Certain | S01300 | Sequanus, abbot in the territory of Langres, 6th c. | Sequanus | Certain | S01301 | Marcellus, bishop of Paris, late 4th/5th c. | Marcellus | Certain | S01304 | Lusor, saint of Déols, 2nd c. | Lusor | Certain | S01305 | Nicetius, bishop of Trier, ob. c. 567 | Nicetius | Certain | S01306 | Ingenuus, hermit of the region of Autun, mid 6th c. | Ingennus | Certain | S01307 | Avitus, abbot of Le Perche, ob. c. 525 | Avitus | Certain | S01308 | Cyprianus, abbot near Périgueux, 5th/6th c. | Cyprianus | Certain | S01310 | Eparchius, hermit of Angoulême, ob. 581 | Eparchius | Certain | S01311 | Felix, bishop of Bourges, ob. c. 580 | Felix | Certain | S01312 | Iunianus, hermit of the territory of Limoges | Iunianus | Certain | S01313 | Pelagia, ascetic of Limoges, ob. c. 586 | Pelagia | Certain | S01315 | Criscentia, young girl of Paris | Criscentia | Certain | S01319 | Orientius, bishop of Auch, 5th c. | Orientius | Certain | S01320 | Quiteria, virgin confessor | Quiteria | Certain | S01321 | Paulinus, bishop of Nola, ob. 431 | Paulinus | Certain | S01322 | Ianuarius/Genuarius, bishop of Benevento and martyr of Naples | Genuarius | Certain | S02844 | Severus, priest of the territory of Cieutat, probably 6th c. | Severus | Certain |
|---|
Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL:
Katarzyna Wojtalik, Cult of Saints, E02448 - http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E02448